ग़ालिब का व्यक्तित्व
thumb|right|galib galib ka vyaktitv b da hi akarshak tha. eerani chehara, gora-lamba qad, sudaul ekahara badan, ooanchi nak, kapol ki haddi ubhari huee, chau da matha, ghani uthi palakoan ke bich jhaankate dirgh nayan, sansar ki kahani sunane ko utsuk lambe kan, apani sunane ko utsuk, manoan bol hi padeange. aise oth apani chuppi mean bhi bol p dane vale, budhape mean bhi phootati deh ki kanti jo ishara karati hai ki javani ke sauandary mean n jane kya nasha raha hoga. sundar gaur varn, samast zindadili ke sath jivit, isi duniya ke adami, iansan aur iansan ke gun-doshoan se lagaye-yah the mirza va miraza galib.
vastr vinyas aur bhojan
reesazada the aur janm bhar apane ko vaisa hi samajhate rahe. isilie vastr vinyas ka b da dhyan rakhate the. jab ghar par hote, pray: pajama aur aangarakha pahinate the. sir par kamadani ki huee malamal ki gol topi lagate the. ja doan mean garm kap de ka kalidar pajama aur mirzee. bahar jate to aksar choo didar ya tang moh di ka pajama, kurta, sadari ya chapakan aur oopar qimati labada hota tha. paanv mean jooti aur hath mean moothadar, lambi chh di. zyada thand hoti to ek chhota shal bhi kandhe aur pith par dal lete the. sir par lambi topi. kabhi-kabhi topi par mugalee pag di ya pataka. reshami luangi ke shauqin the. rangoan ka b da dhyan rakhate the.
khane-khilane ke shauqin, svadisht bhojanoan ke premi the. garmi-sardi har mausam mean uthate hi sabase pahale thandaee pite the, jo badam ko pisakar mishri ke sharbat mean gholi jati thi. phir pahar din chadhe nashta karate the. budhape mean ek hi bar, dopahar ko khana khate; rat ko kabhi n khate. khane mean gosht zaroor rahata tha, shayad hi kabhi naga hua ho. gosht ke taza, beresha, pakane par mulayam aur svadisht rahane ki shart; phir meve bhi usamean zaroor p de hoan shoraba adha ser ke lagabhag. bakari evan dumbe ka gosht adhik pasand tha, bhean d ka achchha nahian lagata tha. pakshiyoan mean murg, kabootar aur bater pasand tha. gosht aur tarakari mean apana bas chalate chane ki dal zaroor dalavate the.
chane ki dal, besan ki kadhi aur phulakiyaan bahut khate the. budhape evan bimari mean jab meda kharab ho gaya, to roti-chaval donoan chho d die aur ser bhar gosht ki gadhi yakhani aur kabhi-kabhi 3-4 tale shamami kabab lete the. phaloan mean aangoor aur am bahut pasand the. amoan ko to bahut hi zyada chahate the. mitroan se unake lie faramaish karate rahate the, aur isake bare mean anek latife inaki zindagi se sambaddh haian. huqqa pite the, pechavan ko zyada pasand karate the. pan nahian khate the. sharab janm bhar pite rahe. par budhape mean tandurusti kharab hone par nam ko chand tole sham ko pite. bina piye niand n ati thi. sada vilayati sharab pite the. old tam aur kasatelan zyada pasand thi. sharab ki tezi kam karane ko adhe se zyada gulabajal milate the. patr ko kap de se lapetate aur garmi ke dinoan mean kap de ko barf se tar kar dete. khud hi kaha hai-
asooda bad khatire galib ki khooe aust
amekhtan b bade saqi gulab ra.
sharab ki chuski lete aur sath-sath dhime tale namakin badam khate. jab durbal hue to inhean khud sharab pine par anutap hota tha. par adat chhootati n thi. phir bhi matra kam karane ke lie ek samay, ekant mean do ya ek khas dostoan ki upasthiti mean pite the. kahian zyada n pi lean, isilie sandooq mean botalean rakhate the usaki chabi inake vafadar sevak kalloo daroga ke pas rahati thi aur use taqid kar rakha tha ki rat ko kabhi nashe ya suroor mean maian zyada pina chahooan aur maangooan to mera kahana n manana aur
talab karane par bhi kuanji (chabi) n dena. logoan ke poochhane par bhi ki yoan nam karane se kya fayada, chho d hi n dean, ‘jauanq’ ka sher padhate the-
chhootati nahian hai muanh se yah kafir lagi huee.
shishtata evan udar vyaktitv
mirza ke vishay mean pahali bat to yah hai ki vah atyant shisht evan mitraparan the. jo koee unase milane ata, usase khule dil se milate the. isilie jo adami ek bar inase milata tha, use sada inase milane ki ichchha bani rahati thi. mitroan ke prati atyant vafadar the. unaki khushi mean khushi, unake du:kh mean du:kh. mitroan ko dekhakar bag-bag ho jate the. unake mitroan ka bahut b da dayara tha. usamean har jati, dharm aur prant ke log the. mitr ko kasht mean dekhate to inaka hraday ro p data tha. usaka du:kh door karane ke lie jo kuchh bhi sambhav hota tha karate the. svayan n kar pate to doosaroan se sifarish karate. inake patroan mean mitroan ke prati sahanubhooti evan chinta ke jharane bahut hue dikhaee dete haian. mitroan ko kasht mean dekh hi nahian sakate the. unaka dil kachotane lagata tha. hraday mean ras tha, isilie prem chhalak p data tha. mitroan kya shagirdoan se bhi bahut prem karate the. inako islah hi nahian dete the; sansadhanoan ka karan bhi likhate the. bachchoan par jan dete the. amadani kam thi. khud kasht mean rahate the, phir bhi pi ditoan ke prati b de udar the. koee bhikhari inake daravaze se khali hath nahian lautata tha. unake makan ke age andhe, lang de-loole aksar p de rahate the. mirza unaki madad karate rahate the. ek bar khilat mili. chaparasi inam lene ae. ghar mean paise nahian the. chupake se ge, khilat bech ae aur chaparasiyoan ko uchit inam diya.
atm-svabhiman
is udar drishti ke bavajood atmabhimani the- ‘mir’ jaise to nahian, jinhoanne duniya ki har namat apane samman ke lie thukaraee, phir bhi apani izzat-abaroo ka b da khyal rakhate the. shahar ke anek sambhrant logoan se parichay tha. lekin jo inake ghar par n ata tha, usake yahaan kabhi nahian jate the. kaisi garibi ho bazar mean bina palaki ya havadar ke nahian nikalate the. kalakatta jate hue jab lakhanoo thahare the, to agamir se isilie nahian mile ki usane uthakar inaka svagat karane ki shart manzoor nahian ki thi. galib ke atm-samman ki halat yah thi ki jab unhean dilli k aaulej mean farasi bhasha ke mukhy adhyapak ka pad pesh kiya gaya to apani duravastha sudharane ke vichar se ve tamasan sahab (sekretari, gavarnameant aauf indiya) ke bulave par unake yahaan pahuanche, to yah dekhakar ki tamasan sahab unake svagat ke lie bahar nahian ae, unhoanne kaharoan ko palaki vapas le chalane ko kah diya[1].
vivah
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jab asadulla khaan galib' sirf 13 varsh ke the, inaka vivah loharoo ke navab 'ahamadabakhsh khaan' (jinaki bahan se inake chacha ka byah hua tha) ke chhote bhaee 'mirza ilahibakhsh khaan ‘maroof’ ki beti 'umarav begam' ke sath 9 agast, 1810 ee. ko sampann hua tha. umarav begam 11 varsh ki thian. is tarah loharoo rajavansh se inaka sambandh aur dridh ho gaya. pahale bhi vah bich-bich mean dilli jate rahate the, par shadi ke 2-3 varsh bad to dilli ke hi ho ge. vah svayan ‘urdoo-e-moalla’ (inaka ek khat) mean is ghatana ka zikr karate hue likhate haian ki-
"7 rajjab 1225 hijari ko mere vaste hukm dava mean habs[2] sadir[3] hua. ek be di (yani bivi) mere paanv mean dal di aur dilli shahar ko zindan[4] muqarrar kiya aur mujhe is zindaan mean dal diya."
mulla abdussamad 1810-1811 ee. mean akabarabad ae the aur do varsh ke shikshan ke bad asadulla khaan (galib) unhian ke sath agara se dilli ge. dilli mean yadyapi vah alag ghar lekar rahe, par itana to nishchit hai ki sasural ki tulana mean inaki apani samajik sthiti bahut halaki thi. inake sasur ilahibakhsh khaan ko rajakumaroan ka aishvary prapt tha. yauvan kal mean ilahibakhsh ki jivan vidhi ko dekhakar log unhean ‘shahazad-e-gulafam’ kaha karate the. isase andaza lagaya ja sakata hai ki, unaki beti ka palan-poshan kis la d-pyar ke sath hua hoga. asadulla khaan (galib) shakl aur soorat se b da akarshak vyaktitv rakhate the. unake pita-dada fauj mean uchchadhikari rah chuke the. isilie sasur ko asha rahi hogi ki, asadulla khaan bhi ala rutabe tak pahuancheange evan beti sasural mean sukhi rahegi, par aisa ho n saka. akhir tak yah shero-shayari mean hi p de rahe aur umarav begam, pita ke ghar bahuly ke bich pali l daki ko sasural mean sab sukh sapane jaise ho ge.
dilli ka sthayi nivas
mirza (galib) ke sasur ilahibakhsh khaan n keval vaibhavashali the, varan charitravan, dharmanishth tatha achchhe kavi bhi the. vah 'zauanq' ke shishyoan mean se ek the. vivah ke do-tin varsh bad hi mirza 'galib' sthayi roop se dilli a ge aur unake jivan ka adhikaansh bhag dilli mean hi guzara. galib ke pita ki apeksha unake chacha ki halat kahian achchhi thi aur unaka samman bhi adhik tha. pita ka to apana ghar bhi nahian tha. vah janm bhar idhar-udhar mare-mare phirate rahe, jab tak rahe, ghar-jamaee banakar hi rahe. ghar-jamaee ka sasural mean pradhan sthan nahian hota, kyoanki usaki sari sthiti apani patni se payi huee sthiti hoti hai. mirza ka bachapan nanihal mean aram se bhale hi bita ho, lekin pita ke marane ke bad unake jaise bhavuk bachche par apani yatimi ka bhi asar p da hoga. unhoanne kabhi yah bhi khyal nahian kiya hoga ki mera isamean kya hai. chacha ki mrityu ke bad ye vichar aur prabal evan kashtajanak hue hoange. yatimi ke karan inaka thik rah se bhatak jana aur lanphagaee karana svabhavik-sa raha hoga. dilli ane ka bhi karan sambhat: yahi tha ki yahaan kuchh apana bana sakooanga. dilli ane par kuchh samay tak to maan kabhi-kabhi unaki sahayata karati rahian, lekin mirza ke asankhy patroan mean kahian bhi mama vagaira se kisi prakar ki madad milane ka ullekh nahian hai. isilie jan p data hai ki, dhire-dhire inaka sambandh nanihal se bilkul samapt ho gaya tha. [[chitr:Gali-Qasim-Jan.jpg|thumb|left|gali qasim jan, dilli|right|250px]]
galib ki nirantar koshishean
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mirza atyant shisht evan mitraparan the. jo koee unase milane ata, usase khule dil se milate the. isilie jo adami ek bar inase milata tha, use sada inase milane ki ichchha bani rahati thi. mitroan ke prati atyant vafadar the.
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faisala apane paksh mean n ane par bhi galib muqadamean mean dayar ki geean apani maangoan par date rahe aur isake lie nirantar koshishean karate rahe. idhar unaki ye maangean thi, udhar loharoo ki jayadad ke bare mean khud bhaiyoan mean jhag da tha. navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ki vasiyat ke anusar firozapur jhurka ka ilaqa shamsuddin ahamad khaan evan paragana loharoo unake donoan chhote bhaiyoan-aminuddin ahamad khaan evan ziyauddin ahamad khaan ke hisse mean aya tha. pita ki mrityu hote hi shamsuddin ne is bantavare ke viruddh avaz uthaee aur kaha ki jyeshth putr hone ke nate sari jayadad ka adhikar mujhe milana chahie. doosari santati ko zyada se zyada vritti dilaee ja sakati hai. unhean ek aur bahana bhi mil gaya. bat yah bhi thi ki b de hone ke karanh loharoo ka intazam navab aminuddin khaan ke hath tha. prabandh unhean sauanpate samay yah shart rakhi gee thi ki jayadad ki amadani se 5210 rupaya salana sarakari khazane mean chhote bhaee navab ziyauddin ke vyay ke lie jama kar diya jaya kare. isaki or dhyan n diya gaya, isilie shamsuddin ka paksh prabal ho gaya. dilli ke rejident mistar martin ne shamsuddin khaan ka samarthan kiya aur ant mean sitambar, 1833 mean loharoo ka prabandh bhi shamsuddin khaan ko is shart par de diya gaya ki vah apane donoan bhaiyoan ko guzare ke lie 26 hazar rupaye salana dete raheange.
martin ke bad viliyam frezar naye rezident hokar ae. arambh mean to inaki bhi navab shamsuddin se achchhi mitrata thi, par bad mean kisi bat par donoan mean virodh ho gaya. frezar loharoo paragana shamsuddin khaan ko die jane ke paksh mean nahian the. unhean yah maang anyayapoorn lagi. isilie unhoanne poori cheshta ki ki aangrez sarakar in prarthana ko thukara de, kintu faisala shamsuddin khaan ke paksh mean hua. isase donoan ke bich gaanth p d gee. faisale ke bad bhi frezar ne usake viruddh sarakar ko likha aur navab aminuddin khaan ko salah di ki vah kalakatta jakar prayatn kare. usaki salah manakar aminuddin khaan sitambar 1834 mean kalakatta ge. galib ne bhi unhean apane kalakatta ke mitroan ke nam parichay patr die. in prayatnoan ke phalasvaroop pahala hukm mansookh[5] ho gaya aur loharoo donoan bhaiyoan ko pun: mil gaya. isase shamsuddin aur frezar ki anaban shatruta mean badal gee.
sidhi peanshan aur naya prarthana patr
22 march, 1835 ko frezar ne sham ka khana raja kishanagadh ke jahaan dariyaganj mean khaya. vahaan se use vapis hone mean der ho gee. frezar ba da hindooray mean ek kothi mean rahate the. jab rat gyarah baje ke lagabhag vah apane makan ko laut rahe the, to makan se tho di door par kisi ne unhean goli mar di. us samay to hatyara bach nikala, lekin fauran tamam naqe bandi kar di gee. jaanch hone lagi. pulis ne shamsuddin khaan ke daroga shikar karim khaan ko giraftar kiya. bad mean navab ka ek aur naukar vasayal khaan pak da gaya aur vah sarakari gavah ban gaya. usake bayan par navab dilli bulae ge aur pulis ke pahare mean rakhe ge. bad mean muqadama chala aur 18 aktoobar, 1835 ko guruvar ke din prat:kal kashmiri daravaze ke bahar unhean 25 varsh mean phaansi de di gee. navab shamsuddin khaan ki phaansi ke bad firozapur jhurka ki riyasat zabt kar li gee aur mirza ki peanshan jo vahaan se milati thi, ab sidhe dilli kalektari se milane lagi. suavasar dekhakar mirza ne phir ek vistrit prarthanapatr aangrez sarakar ki seva mean navab ki zabt jayadad se poora haq pane ke lie pesh kiya. 18 joon, 1836 ko pashchimottar pradesh ke lephtinent gavarnar ne faisala kiya ki jo sadhe basath milate haian, vahi thik haian. is par inhoanne gavarnar-janaral ke pas apil dayar ki. par vahaan se bhi yahi faisala qayam raha. sab or se nirash ho jane par mirza ne 14 navambar, 1836 ko phir se darkhast di ki mera muqadama sadar divani adalat, kalakatta ke pas vilayat bheja jae. aur yadi ye sambhav n ho to nirnay ke lie dairektaroan ke pas vilayat bheja jae. 5 disambar, 1836 ko unhean phir se uttar mila ki muqadamean ke sab kagazat vilayat bhej die jayeange aur 10 mee, 1837 ko ‘laveli elayans’ namak jahaz ki dak se vilayat bhej die ge. thumb|right|250px|galib haveli
galib ki ashavadita
kagazat vilayat bhej die jane se galib ko b di khushi huee aur unhoanne ek farasi qata bhi likha aur ashanvit hokar pun: darkhast di ki mee 1806 se aj tak hamean jitana kam mila hai aur jo do lakh tin hazar hota hai, vah us do lakh, sath hazar ki raqam mean se diya jae jo navab shamsuddin ne apani faansi ke poorv aangrez khazane mean jama karaee thi. doosare hamean 3 hazar salana peanshan ka epril 1835 tak baqaya us jayadad se dilavaya jae jo navab firozapur chho dakar mare haian aur jab tak dairektaroan ka faisala vilayate nahian a jata hamean tin hazar salana niyamit roop se milata rahe. par galib ko manav prakriti ka achchha jnan nahian tha. vah samajhate the ki aangrez khushamad se qaboo mean kie ja sakate haian. baharahal ye sab avedan nirarthak siddh hue aur 1842 ke arambh mean vilayat se antim faisala bhi a gaya ki jo nirnay hindustan mean ho chuka hai, vahi thik hai. par vah ri mirza ki ashavadita- itane par bhi unhoanne himmat nahian hari aur 29 julaee, 1842 ko is faisale ke viruddh ek apil, memoriyal ke dhang par, maharani viktoriya k pas gavarnar-janaral ke zariye bheji. par isaka bhi koee parinam nahian nikala aur 1844 mean vah bilkul nirash aur past ho ge. yahaan yah khyal rakhana chahie ki muqadama unhoanne 1828 mean dayar kiya tha aur yah antim faisala 1844 mean, 16 sal ke bad hua. us zamane mean jab ki yatayat ke sadhan durlabh the, unaka kitana kharch is par p da hoga, isaka aandaza lagaya ja sakata hai. jo kuchh bhi unake pas tha, vah bhi is muqadamean mean hi samapt ho gaya. mahajanoan ke hazaroan rupaye ke qarzadar ho ge, jo inhoanne vishvas par lie the ki muqadamean ke faisale se hamean ek b di raqam mil jayegi. 1835 mean hi in par 40-50 hazar ka qarz ho gaya tha. nirnay inake viruddh hone se qarz ke bojh se aise dabe ki zindagi bhar ubhar evan ubar nahian sake. zindagi qarz chukate-chukate biti, phir bhi n chuka sake. kathinaiyoan ke karan grihasth jivan pahale se hi du:khad tha, ab to usamean b di j data aur nirasha a gee aur unhoanne bhagy ke age kandha dal diya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
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