कांसा
kaansa ek mishr dhatu hai, jo taanbe aur jaste athava taanbe aur tin ke yog se banaee jati hai. kaansa, taanbe ki apeksha adhik k da hota hai aur kam tap par pighalata hai. isalie kaansa suvidhapoorvak dhala ja sakata hai. amataur par sadharan bolachal mean kabhi-kabhi pital ko bhi kaansa kah diya jata hai, jo taanbe tatha jaste ki mishr dhatu hai aur pile rang ka hota hai. taanbe aur raange ki mishr dhatu ko 'phool' bhi kahate haian. vartaman mean abhooshan adi banane ke hetu ek prakar ke kaanse ka vyavahar kiya jata hai, jisaka rang sunahara hota hai. is dhatu ko ailyuminiyam tatha taanba vividh bhag mean milakar nirmit kiya jata hai. khudaee adi ka kary is par b da suandar banata hai.
nam tatha arth
purakalin vastuoan mean kaansa se nirmit vastuean kafi mahattvapoorn thian. isilie us yug ko "kaansy yug" ka nam diya gaya tha. kaanse ko aangrezi mean 'broanz' kahate haian. yah farasi bhasha ka mool shabd hai, jisaka arth hota hai- 'pital'. kaansa, jise sanskrit mean 'kaansy' kaha jata hai, sanskrit koshoan ke anusar shvet taanbe athava ghanta banane ki dhatu ko kahate haian. vishuddh taanba lal rang ka hota hai; usamean raanga milane se safed sa rang a jata hai. isalie taanbe aur raange ki mishr dhatu ko 'kaansa' ya 'kaansy' kaha jata hai.
itihas
manav ne kaanse ka nirman kis prakar sikha, kah pana kathin hai. sambhavat: taanba galane ke samay usake sath mili huee ashuddhi ke gal jane ke karan yah achanak ban gaya, kyoanki kaanse ki vastuean to chin, misr, eeran, sumer, bharat ke pragaitihasik kal ke sabhi sthanoan se prapt huee haian, parantu in sabhi sthanoan ke us prachin yug ke kaanse ki mool vividh dhatuoan ke pariman mean aantar hai. bharat ke ek prakar ke kaanse mean taanba 93.05 bhag, jasta 20.14, nikal 4 tatha arsenik 80 bhag mila hai. doosare prakar ke kaanse mean tin sumer, eeran ityadi sthanoan ki bhaanti prapt hua hai. is mili huee dhatu se karigar ko vastuoan ko dhalane mean b di saralata huee tatha is mishrit dhatu ki bani kulha di sirf taanbe ki bani kulha di se kahian adhik dharadar tatha majaboot bani. anuman kiya jata hai ki is dhatu ke karigaroan ka apana ek jattha pragaitihasik kal mean ban gaya, jo ek sthan se doosare sthan par jakar apane dhandhe ka prachar karata tha. pashan ki bani huee kulha diyaan in kaanse ki kulh diyoan ke samaksh phiki p d gayian. inhoanne isi dhatu se pragaitihasik pashu akritiyaan bhi banaeean. in karigaroan ne kulha di ka nirman karate-karate chamakate hue abhooshan bhi banane praranbh kie, jinake sabase utkrisht yug ke namoone joo de ke kaanto ke roop mean h dappa, mohanajod do, hisar, soosa, chhagar, luristan ityadi sthanoan se prapt hue haian. isi prakar kaanse ke bane k de h dappa, mohanajod doan, hisar, soosa, siyalk, chin tatha misr adi sthanoan se prapt hue haian.
vibhinn vastuoan ka nirman
dhatu se nirmit sundar aangoothiyaan bhi mili haian. pragaitihasik kal mean kaanse ke karigaroan ne chhoti ga diyaan bhi banaeean, jo khilaunoan ki bhaanti prayog mean ati thian. is prakar ki ek b di suandar ga di, jis par usaka chalane vala bhi baitha hai, h dappa se prapt huee hai. kaanse ke baratan bhi is kal mean bane. aise baratan eeran, sumer, misr tatha bharat ke mohanajod do, h dappa tatha lothal se prapt hue haian. ye bhi pray: dhal kar ya patthar ko pit kar banaye jate the. ane vale samay mean chal kar in par ubha dadar kam bhi dikhaee dene laga, jo kadachit mitti par kam bana kar us par patthar rakhakar aur pit kar banaya jata tha. kalaantar mean mishr dhatu se vibhinn prakar ki anek vastuean banaee geean. bharat mean bhi takshashila se katori ke akar ke masih patr prapt hue haian, jin par dhakkan laga hua hai tatha jisamean kalam se syahi lene ke hetu chhed bana hai. is prakar ki dhatu ki bani ghantiyaan bhi yahaan se prapt huee haian. bahut-si chhoti-chhoti vastuoan mean dharm chakr ke akar ki bani purohit ke dande ki mooth, murge ki moorti tatha manushy ki moortiyaan ityadi mili haian. yahaan par stri ki thos moorti, jo kamal par kh di hai, b di hi suandar hai.
kaanse ke patr se labh
kaanse ke patr buddhivardhak, svad arthath ruchi utpann karane vale hote haian. atah kaanse ke patr mean bhojan karana chahie. isase buddhi ka vikas hota hai. ushn prakriti vale vyakti tatha aml pitt, rakt pitt, tvacha vikar, yakrit v hriday adi vikar se pi dit vyaktiyoan ke lie kaanse ke patr svasthyaprad haian. isase pitt ka shaman v rakt ki shuddhi hoti hai. parantu 'skand puran' ke anusar chaturmas ke dinoan mean taanbe v kaanse ke patroan ka upayog n karake any dhatuoan ke patroan ka upayog karana chahie. chaturmas mean palash vriksh ke pattoan mean ya inase bani pattaloan mean kiya gaya bhojan 'chandrayan vrat' evan 'ekadashi vrat' ke saman puny pradan karane vala mana gaya hai. itana hi nahian, palash ke pattoan mean kiya gaya ek-ek bar ka bhojan triratr vrat ke saman punyadayak aur b de-b de patakoan ka nash karane vala bataya gaya hai. chaturmas mean b d ke pattoan ya pattal par kiya gaya bhojan bhi bahut punyadayi mana gaya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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