बौद्ध धर्म के सिद्धांत

[[chitr:Buddha-3.jpg|thumb|250px|mahatma buddh]] bauddh dharm ke sansthapak gautam buddh the. inhean eshiya ka jyoti puanj bhi kaha jata hai. bauddh dharm bharat ki shraman parampara se nikala dharm aur darshan hai. isaki utpatti eesaee aur islam dharm se pahale huee. yah sansar ka tisara sabase b da dharm hai. ise manaviy dharm bhi kaha ja sakata hai, kyoanki isamean eeshvar ko nahian balki manav ko mahatv diya gaya hai.

siddhant

mahatma buddh ne apane dharm mean samajik, arthik, bauddhik, rajanitik, svatantrata evan samanata ki shiksha di hai. bauddh dharm moolatah anishvaravadi anatmavadi hai arthat isamean eeshvar aur atma ki satta ko svikar nahian kiya gaya hai, kintu isamean punarjanm ko manyata di gayi hai. buddh ne saansarik duahkhoan ke sambandh mean char ary satyoan ka upadesh diya. ye ary saty bauddh dharm ka mool adhar haian, jo is prakar haian-
1. duahkh - sansar mean sarvatr duahkh hai. jivan duahkhoan v kashtoan se bhara hai. sansar ko duahkhamay dekhakar hi buddh ne kaha tha- "sabbamh duahkhamh".
2. duahkh samuday - duahkh samuday arthat duahkh utpann hone ke karan haian. pratyek vastu ka koee n koee karan avashy hota hai. atah duahkh ka bhi karan hai. sabhi karanoan ka mool avidya tatha trishna hai. duahkhoan ke karanoan ko "pratity samutpad" kaha gaya hai. ise "hetu parampara" bhi kaha jata hai.
pratity samutpad bauddh darshan ka mool tatv hai. any siddhant isi mean samahit haian. bauddh darshan ka kshan-bhangavad bhi pratity samutpad se utpann siddhant hai. pratity samutpad ka arth hai ki sansar ki sabhi vastuyean kary aur karan par nirbhar karati haian. sansar mean vyapt har prakar ke duahkh ka samoohik nam "jaramaran" hai. jaramaran ke chakr (jivan chakr) mean barah kram haian- jaramaran, jati (sharir dharan karana), bhav (sharir dharan karane ki ichchha), upadan (saansarik vishayoan mean lipate rahane ki ichchha), trishna, vedana, sparsh, shadayatan (paanch iandriyaan tatha man), namaroop, vijnan (chaitany), sanskar v avidya. pratity samutpad mean in karanoan ke nidan ki abhivyanjana ki gee hai.
3. duahkh nirodh - duahkh ka ant sambhav hai. avidya tatha trishna ka nash karake duahkh ka ant kiya ja sakata hai.
4. duahkh nirodh gamini pratipada - ashtaangik marg hi duahkh nirodh gamini pratipada haian.

ashtaangik marg

saansarik duahkhoan se mukti hetu buddh ne ashtaangik marg par chalane ki bat kahi hai. ashtaangik marg ke anushilan se manushy ki bhav trishna nasht hone lagati hai aur vah nirvan ki or agrasar ho jata hai. ashtaangik marg ke sadhan haian-

1. samyak drishti - vastuoan ke vastavik roop ka dhyan karana samyak drishti hai.
2. samyak sankalp - asakti, dvesh tatha hiansa se mukt vichar rakhana.
3. samyak vak - apriy vachanoan ka parityag.
4. samyak karmant - dan, daya, saty, ahiansa adi satkarmoan ka anusaran karana.
5. samyak ajiv - sadachar ke niyamoan ke anukool jivan vyatit karana.
6. samyak vyayam - vivekapoorn prayatn karana.
7. samyak smriti - sabhi prakar ki mithya dharanaoan ka parityag karana.
8. samyak samadhi - chitt ki ekagrata
   

ashtaangik marg ke sadhanoan ko tin skandhoan mean baanta gaya hai-

1. prajna - samyak drishti, samyak sankalp, samyak vak
2. shil - samyak karmant, samyak ajiv, samyak vyayam
3. samadhi - samyak smriti, samyak samadhi

buddh ne madhyam marg athava madhyam pratipada ka upadesh dete hue kaha ki- "manushy ko sabhi prakar ke akarshan evan kayaklesh se bachana chahie" arthat n to atyadhik ichchhaean karani chahie aur n hi atyadhik tap (daman) karana chahie. balki inake bich ka marg apana kar duahkh nirodh ka prayas karana chahie.

shikshapad

bauddh dharm mean nirvan prapti ke lie sadachar tatha naitik jivan par adhik bal diya gaya. das shiloan ka palan sadachari tatha naitik jivan ka adhar hai. in shiloan ko shikshapad bhi kaha jata hai.

1. ahiansa
2. saty
3. astey (chori n karana)
4. samay se bhojan grahan karana
5. mady ka sevan n karana
6. brahmachary ka palan karana
7. aparigrah (dhan sanchay n karana)
8. aram dayak shaiyya ka tyag karana
9. vyabhichar n karana
10. abhooshanoan ka tyag karana

grihasth bauddh anuyayiyoan ko keval pratham paanch shiloan ka anushilan avashyak tha. grihasthoan ke lie buddh ne jis dharm ka upadesh diya, use 'upasak dharm' kaha gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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