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Revision as of 09:39, 17 May 2011
hazari prasad dvivedi
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| janm | 19 agast, 1907 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | gaanv 'arat dube ka chhapara', baliya zila, bharat |
| mrityu | 19 mee, 1979 ee. |
| karm bhoomi | varanasi |
| karm-kshetr | nibandhakar, upanyasakar, adhyapak, sampadak |
| mukhy rachanaean | soor sahity, banabhatt, kabir, ashok ke phool, hindi sahity ki bhoomika, hindi sahity ka adikal, nath sampraday, prithviraj raso |
| vishay | nibandh, kahani, upanyas |
| bhasha | hindi |
| vidyalay | kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | barahavian |
| puraskar-upadhi | padm bhooshan |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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d aau. hazari prasad dvivedi (janm- 19 agast, 1907 ee., gaanv 'arat dube ka chhapara', baliya zila, bharat; mrityu- 19 mee, 1979 ee.) hindi ke shirshasthaniy sahityakaroan mean se haian. ve uchchakoti ke nibandhakar, upanyasakar, alochak, chintak tatha shodhakarta haian. sahity ke in sabhi kshetroan mean dvivedi ji apani pratibha aur vishisht kartavy ke karan vishesh yash ke bhagi hue haian. dvivedi ji ka vyaktitv garimamay, chittavritti udar aur drishtikon vyapak hai. dvivedi ji ki pratyek rachana par unake is vyaktitv ki chhap dekhi ja sakati hai.
jivan parichay
hazari prasad dvivedi ka janm 19 agast, 1907 ee. (shravan, shukl paksh ekadashi, sanvat 1964) mean baliya zile ke 'arat dube ka chhapara' gaanv ke ek pratishthit sarayooparin brahman kul mean hua tha. dvivedi ji ke prapitamah ne kashi mean kee varshoan tak rahakar jyotish ka gambhir adhyayan kiya tha. dvivedi ji ki mata bhi prasiddh pandit kul ki kanya thian. is tarah balak dvivedi ko sanskrit ke adhyayan ka sanskar virasat mean hi mil gaya tha.
shiksha
dvivedi ji ne apani parivarik parampara ke anusar sanskrit padhana arambh kiya aur san 1930 ee. mean kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay se jyotishachary tatha intar ki parikshaean uttirn kian.
jivan-darshan ka nirman
san 1930 mean iantar ki pariksha uttirn karane bad dvivedi ji pradhyapak hokar shanti niketan chale gaye. san 1940 se 1950 ee. tak ve vahaan par hindi bhavan ke dairektar ke pad par kam karate rahe. shanti niketan mean ravindr nath taigor ke ghanishth sampark mean ane par naye manavatavad ke prati unake man mean jis astha ki pratishtha huee, vah unake bhavi vikas mean bahut hi sahayak bani. kshitimohan sen, vidhushekhar bhattachary aur banarasi das chaturvedi ki sannikata se bhi unaki sahityik gatividhi mean adhik sakriyata ayi. shanti niketan mean dvivedi ji ko adhyayan-chintan ka nirbadh avakash mila. vastav mean vahaan ke shant aur adhyayanapoorn vatavaran mean hi dvivedi ji ke astha-vishvas, jivan-darshan adi ka nirman hua, jo unake sahity mean sarvatr pratiphalit hua hai.
san 1950 ee. mean kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke tatkalin kulapati ke anurodh aur amantran par dvivedi ji hindi vibhag ke adhyaksh aur profesar hokar vahaan chale ge. isake ek varsh poorv san 1949 ee. mean lakhanoo vishvavidyalay ne unaki hindi ki mahattvapoorn seva ke karan unhean di. lith. ki sammanit upadhi (aaunaris kaja) pradan ki thi. san 1955 ee. mean ve pratham 'aaufishiyal laiangvej kamishan' ke sadasy chune gaye. san 1957 ee. mean bharat sarakar ne unaki viddhatta aur sahityik sevaoan ko dhyan mean rakhate hue unhean 'padmabhooshan' ki upadhi se alankrit kiya. 1958 ee. mean ve neshanal buk trast ke sadasy banaye ge. dvivedi ji kee varshoan tak kashi nagari pracharini sabha ke upasabhapati, khoj vibhag ke nirdeshak tatha 'nagari pracharini patrika' ke sampadak rahe haian. san 1960 ee. mean panjab vishvavidyalay ke kulapati ke amantran par ve vahaan ke hindi vibhag ke adhyaksh aur profesar hokar chandigadh chale gaye. san 1968 ee. mean ye phir kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay mean bula liye ge aur vahaan rektar niyukt hue aur phir vahian hindi ke aitihasik vyakaran vibhag ke nirdeshak niyukt hue. vah kam samapt hone par uttar pradesh, hindi granth akadami ke adhyaksh hue.
hindi samiksha ko nayi disha
dvivedi ji achary ramachandr shukl ki parampara ke alochak haian, phir bhi sahity ko ek avichchhinn vikas-parampara dekhane par bal dekar dvivedi ji ne hindi samiksha ko nayi disha di. sahity ke is nairantary ka vishesh dhyan rakhate hue bhi ve lok-chetana ko kabhi apani drishti se ojhal nahian hone dete. ve manushy ki shreshthata ke vishvasi haian aur uchchakoti ke sahity mean isaki pratishtha ko ve anivary manate haian. sanskarajany kshudr simaoan mean bandhakar sahity ooancha nahian uth sakata. apekshit ooanchaee prapt karane ke lie use manushy ki virat ekata aur jijivisha ko ayatt karana hoga. dvivedi ji ne chahe kal vishesh ke sambandh mean, unhoanne apani alochanaoan mean yah barabar dhyan rakha hai ki alochy yug ya kavi ne kin shreyaskar mananiy moolyoan ki srishti ki hai. koee chahe to unhean moolyanveshi alochak kah sakata hai, par ve apt moolyoan ki adigata mean vishvas nahian karate. unaki drishti mean mooly barabar vikasanashil hota hai, usamean poorvavarti aur parshvavarti chintan ka mishran hota hai. sanskrit, apabhransh adi ke gambhir adhyeta hone ke karan ve sahity ki sudirgh parampara ka alo dan karate hue vikasashil moolyoan ka sahaj hi akalan kar lete haian.
kritiyaan
| san | kriti |
|---|---|
| 1936 | soor sahity |
| 1940 | hindi sahity ki bhoomika |
| 1940 | prachin bharat mean kalatmak vinod |
| 1942 | kabir |
| 1947 | banabhatt ki atmakatha |
| 1948 | ashok ke phool |
| 1950 | nath sampraday |
| 1951 | kalpalata |
| 1952 | hindi sahity |
| 1954 | vichar aur vitark |
| 1957 | nath siddhoan ki baniyaan |
| 1957 | meghadoot: ek purani kahani |
| 1959 | vichar pravah |
| 1960 | sandesharasak |
| prithviraj raso | |
| 1967 | kalidas ki lality yojana |
| 1970 | madhyayugin bodh |
| 1971 | alok parv |
hazari prasad dvivedi ji ki kuchh kritiyaan nimnalikhit haian.
hindi sahity ki bhoomika
'hindi sahity ki bhoomika' unake siddhantoan ki buniyadi pustak hai. jisamean sahity ko ek avichchhinn parampara tatha usamean pratiphalit kriya-pratikriyaoan ke roop mean dekha gaya hai. navin disha-nirdesh ki drishti se is pustak ka aitihasik mahattv hai.
kabir
apane phakk d vyaktitv, ghar phooank masti aur aur krantikari vicharadhara ke karan kabir ne unhean vishesh akrisht kiya. 'kabir' pustak mean unhoanne jis saanskritik parampara, samasamayik vatavaran aur navin moolyanuchintan ka udaghatan kiya hai, vah unaki uparilikhit alochanatmak drishti ke sarvatha mel mean hai.
hindi sahity ka adikal
'hindi sahity ka adikal' mean dvivedi ji ne navin upalabdh samagri ke adhar par jo shodhaparak vishleshan prastut kiya hai, usase hindi sahity ke itihas ke pun: parikshan ki avashyakata mahasoos ki ja rahi hai.
nath sampraday
'nath sampraday' mean siddhoan aur nathoan ki upalabdhiyoan par gambhir vichar vyakt kiye ge haian.
soor-sahity
'soor-sahity' unaki prarambhik alochanatmak kriti hai, jo alochanatmak utani nahian hai, jitani ki bhavanatmak. inake atirikt unake anek marmik samikshatmak nibandh vibhinn nibandh-sangrahoan mean sangrihit haian, jo sahity ke vibhinn pakshoan ka gambhir udaghatan karate haian.
nibandh
dvivedi ji jahaan vidvattaparak anusandhanatmak nibandh likh sakate haian, vahaan shreshth nirbandh nibandhoan ki srishti bhi kar sakate haian. unake nirbandh nibandh hindi nibandh sahity ki moolyavan upalabdhi hai. dvivedi ji ke vyaktitv mean vidvatta aur sarasata ka, pandity aur vidagdhata ka, gambhirata aur vinodamayata ka, prachinata aur navinata ka jo adabhut sanyog milata hai, vah anyatr durlabh hai. in virodhabhasi tatvoan se nirmit unaka vyaktitv hi unake nirbandh nibandhoan mean pratiphalit hua hai. apane nibandhoan mean ve bahut hi sahaj dhang se, anaupacharik roop mean, 'nakhoon kyoan badhate haian', 'am phir baura ge', 'ashok ke phool', 'ek kutta aur ek maina', 'kutaj' adi ki charcha karate haian, jisase pathakoan ka anukooly prapt karane mean unhean koee kathinaee nahian hoti. par unake nibandhoan ka poorn rasasvadan karane ke lie jagah-jagah bikhare hue saanskritik-sahityik sandarbhoan ko janana bahut avashyak hai. in sandarbhoan mean unaki aitihasik chetana ko dekha ja sakata hai, kintu sampoorn nibandh padhane ke bad pathak naye manavatavadi moolyoan ki upalabdhi bhi karata chalata hai. unamean atit ke moolyoan ke prati sahaj mamatv hai, kintu navin ke prati kam utsah nahian hai.
banabhatt
'banabhatt' ki atmakatha' dvivedi ji ka apane dhang ka asamantar upanyas hai, jo apane kathy tatha shaili ke karan sahridayoan dvara vishesh roop se samadrit hua hai. yah hindi upanyas sahity ki vishisht upalabdhi hai. is upanyas mean unake vistrit aur gambhir adhyayan tatha karayitri pratibha ka adabhut mishran hua hai. isake madhyam se apane jivan-darshan ke vividh pakshoan ko udaghatit karate hue unhoanne ise vaicharik drishti se bhi vishisht ooanchaee pradan ki hai. harshakalin jis vishal phalak par banabhatt ko chitrit kiya gaya hai, vah gahan adhyayan tatha gatyatmak aitihasik chetana ki apeksha rakhata hai. kahana n hoga ki dvivadi ji ke vyaktitv ke nirman mean is aitihasik chetana ka bahut mahattvapoorn yog raha hai. yahi karan hai ki ve samaj aur sanskriti ke vividh ayamoan ko, usake sampoorn parivesh ko, ek avayavik ikaee (aragainik yooniti) mean saphalata poorvak baandhane mean samarth ho sake haian. thumb|left|hazari prasad dvivedi is upanyas mean kuchh patr, ghatanaean aur prasang itihasashrit haian aur kuchh kalpanik. ban, harsh, kumar krishna, ban ka ghumakk d ke roop mean bhatakate phirana, harsh dvara tiraskrit aur sammanit hona adi itihas dvara anumodit haian. nipunika, bhattini, sucharita, mahamaya, avadhoot pad tatha inase sambaddh ghatanaean kalpana prasoot haian. itihas aur kalpana ke samuchit viniyog dvara lekhak ne upanyas ko jo roop-rang diya hai, vah bahut hi akarshak ban p da hai. is aitihasik upanyas mean manav-mooly ki naye manavatavadi mooly ki pratishtha karana bhi lekhak ka pramukh uddeshy raha hai. jinako lok 'band' ya kul bhrasht samajhata hai, ve bhitar se kitane mahan haian, ise banabhatt aur nipunika (niuniya) mean dekha ja sakata hai. lok chetana ya lok shakti ko atyant vishvasamayi vani mean mahamaya dvara jagaya gaya hai. yah lekhak ka apana vishvas bhi hai. dvivedi ji prem ko seks se usamprikt n karate hue bhi use jis ooanchaee par pratishthit karate haian, vah sarvatha manovaijnanik hai. prem ke uchchatar sopan par pahuanchane ke lie apana sab kuchh utsarg karana p data hai. nipunika ko naritv prapt hua tapasya ki agni mean jalane par. banabhatt ki pratibha ko char-chaand laga prem ka unnayanatmak svaroop samajhane par. sucharita ko abhipsit ki upalabdhi huee prem ke vasanatmak svaroop ki nishkriti par. shaili ki drishti se yah paramparik svachchhandatavadi (klaisikal romantik) rachana hai. banabhatt ki shaili ko adhar manane ke karan lekhak ko varnan ki vistrit aur sanshlisht paddhati apanani p di hai, par bich-bich mean usaki apani svachchhand pravritti bhi jagarook rahi hai, jisase lambi alankrit shaili ki duroohata ka bahut kuchh parishkar ho jata hai. unaka doosara upanyas 'charuchandralekh' bhi prakashit ho chuka hai.
puraskar
hazari prasad dvivedi ji ko bharat sarakar ne unaki viddhatta aur sahityik sevaoan ko dhyan mean rakhate hue sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean san 1957 mean padm bhooshan se sammanit kiya gaya tha.
mrityu
hazari prasad dvivedi ji ki mrityu 19 mee, 1979 ee. mean huee thi.
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sanbandhit lekh
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