मुसहर जाति

musahar athava mushahar uttari bharat ke nichale ganga maidan aur taraee ilakoan mean nivas karane vali ek jati hai. musahar ka shabdik arth hai- "chooha khane vala". 2014 mean bihar ke mukhyamantri bane jitan ram maanjhi isi samuday ke haian. unake roop mean desh ko pahali bar kisi musahar jati ka mukhyamantri mila. vah 9 mahine tak bihar ke mukhyamantri rahe. samachar ejeansi eephapi se maanjhi ne kaha tha ki- "sirph shiksha hi hamari jiandagi aur bhavishy badal sakati hai. mera samuday itana pichh da hai ki sarakari aank doan mean bhi yah darj nahian ki unaki sankhya kitani hai. jabaki b di asani se kaha ja sakata hai ki poore desh mean is samuday ke 80 lakh log haian".

adim janajati

musahar do shabdoan ke mel se bana hai. 'moos' yani chooha aur 'har' yani usaka shikar karane vala. musahar adim janajati hai. aj bhi door-daraj ke ilakoan mean basi musahar toliyoan mean chooha marane-khane ka rivaj jianda hai. british kal mean is jati ko dipresd klas ki shreni mean rakha gaya tha. 1871 mean pahali janaganana ke bad pahali bar is jati ko alag shreni mean dalakar janajati ka darja diya gaya.

mool basavat

is jati ki mool basavat dakshin bihar aur jharakhand ke ilake mean hai. bihar ki dalit jatiyoan par vistrit shodh ke sath 'svarg par dhava' nam ki kitab likh chuke baboo jagajivan ram sansadiy adhyayan aur shodh sansthan ke nideshak shrikaantaji batate haian, 'yah samaj ka bhoomihin majadoor varg hai. aisi jatiyoan ka samaj mean koee khairakhvah nahian hota kyoki inake pas sanpatti ke nam kuchh nahian hota. pahale ye khanabadoshoan ki tarah rahate the.' ajad bharat ke itihas mean musahar moolat: doosari dalit jatiyoan ke aandar hi ek hisse ke roop mean sthan pate rahe haian. 2007 tak bihar ki samast chunavi rajaniti chhah mukhy jatiy samoohoan ke saanche mean banti huee thi, ag di jatiyaan, yadav, obisi, pasi, any dalit jatiyaan aur musalaman.

musahar any dalit jatiyoan ki dayare mean ate the. is shreni mean bihar ki kul 23 jatiyoan ko sanvaidhanik manyata mili huee hai. 2007 mean nitish kumar ne isamean b da parivartan kiya. obisi ko do hissoan mean baantakar unhoanne ek nee shreni banaee ati pichh da varg aur any dalit jatiyoan ko do hisse mean baant kar isamean se naya jatiy samooh kh da kiya mahadalit. isi mahadalit samooh mean musahar jati ko bhi rakha gaya hai.

janasankhya

bihar aur jharakhand ke ek b de hisse mean musahar phaile hue haian. varishth patrakar sukaant nagarjun ke shabdoan mean, 'inaki abadi bahut b di hai lekin ve kisi ek sthan par samoohik roop se nahian rahate. apane mool svaroop mean yah ek ghumantoo janajati hai. jo ab dhire-dhire ek samaj ke roop mean sangathit hokar basane lagi hai.' sankhya ke lihaj se musahar jati bihar ki 23 dalit jatiyoan mean tisare sthan par hai. inase oopar sirph chamar aur pasi haian. bihar mean dalitoan ki kul janasankhya mean musaharoan ka pratishat 13.4 phisadi hai. agar kul janasankhya ke sandarbh mean dekhean to musahar karib 2.5 se tin pratishat haian.

bavajood isake ajadi ke bad se ab tak is samooh ka koee sangathit rajanitik svaroop nahian raha, n hi inaka koee ek sarvamany neta paida hua. chhitaput roop mean kuchh log rajanitik kshitij par tho di der ke lie jaroor chamake lekin samay ki dhool ne sabako dhoomil kar diya. 1952 ki pahali lokasabha mean hi pahala aur akela musahar saansad kaangres ke tikat par bana tha. unaka nam tha kiraee musahar.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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