कंजर
kanjar ek ghumakk d kabila hai jo sanpoorn uttar bharat ki gramy aur nagariy janasankhya mean chhitaraya hua hai. ye sanbhavat: dravi d mool ke haian. 'kanjar' shabd ki utpatti sanskrit 'kanan-char' se huee bhi bataee jati hai. vaise bhasha, nam, sanskriti adi mean uttar bharatiy pravrittiyaan kanjaroan mean itani balavati haian ki unaka mool dravi d manana vaijnanik nahian jan p data. kanjaroan tatha saansiya, haboora, beriya, bhat, nat, banjara, jogi aur baheliya adi any ghumakk d kabiloan mean paryapt saanskritik samanata milati hai.
itihas
ek kianvadanti ke anusar kanjar divy poorvaj 'man' guru ki santan haian. man apani patni nathiya kanjarin ke sath jangal mean rahata tha. man guru ke puravritt ko aitihasikata ka put bhi diya gaya hai, jaisa us akhyan se vidit hai jisamean man dilli sultan ke darabar mean shahi pahalavan ko kushti mean harata hai. kanjaroan ka kabili sangathan visham hai. ve bahut se aantirvivahi (eandogaimas) vibhagoan aur bahirvivahi (eksogaimas) upavibhagoan ke nam 1891 ki janaganana mean darj kie ge 106 kanjar upavibhagoan ke nam hiandoo aur 6 ke nam musalamani the. kanjaroan ka vibhajan peshevar vibhagoan mean hua hai, jaisa unake jallad, kooanchaband, patharakat, dachhaband adi vibhagiy namoan se spasht hota hai.[1]
vivah
kanjaroan mean vayask vivah prachalan hai. yadyapi striyoan ko vivahapoorv yaun svachchhandata paryapt matra mean prapt hoti hai, tathapi vivah ke pashchath unase poorn pativrata ki apeksha ki jati hai. strian evan purush donoan ke vivahetar yaun sanbandh hey samajhe jate haian aur dandasvaroop vanchit pati ko adhikar hota hai ki vah aparadhi purush ki n keval sanpatti varanh santan bhi hastagat kar le. vivah vadhoomooly dekar hota hai. rakam ka bhugatan do kistoan mean hota hai, ek vivah ke samay aur doosari santonatpatti ke pashchath. paranparagat vivahoan ke atirikt palayan vivah (mairij baee elopameant) ka bhi chalan hai. ajnatavas se lautane par yugm poore gaanv ko bhoj par amantrik kar vaidh pati patni ka pad prapt kar sakata hai. vidhava vivah sanbhav hai aur vidhava adhikatar apane avivahit devar se byahi jati hai.[1]
vyavasay
peshevar namadhari hone par bhi kanjaroan ne kisi vyavasay vishesh ko nahian apanaya. kuchh samay poorv tak ye yajamani karate the aur gaanv valoan ka manoranjan karane ke badale dhan aur maveshiyoan ke roop mean varshik dan pate the. pratyek kanjar parivar ki yajamani mean kuchh gaanv ate the jahaan ve utsav aur vishesh avasaroan par nach gakar gaanv valoan ka manoranjan karate the. inamean se kuchh parivar gaanv ki goojar, mina aur any jatiyoan ke paranparagat charan aur vanshavali sangrahakarta ka kam karate the. chhipakali, saanda, saanp aur giddh ki khal se vishesh prakar ka tel nikalakar ye use du:sadhy rogoan ki dava kahakar bechate haian. bhikh maangane vali kanjar striyaan pray: sanbhraant krishak mahilaoan ko apani batoan phansakar baanjhapan tatha any stri rogoan ki dava bechati haian aur hath dekhakar bhagy batati haian. kuchh kanjar striyaan bhikh maangane ke sath-sath veshyavritti bhi karati thian. kiantu vartaman kanjar apane paranparagat dhandhoan ko chho d arthik drishti se adhik labhadayak peshoan ki or akrisht ho rahe haian.[1]
veshabhoosha evan khan-pan
veshabhoosha mean kanjar goojaroan ke sadrish hote haian. inaki striyaan musalaman striyoan ki bhaanti lahange ki bajaya lanba kurata aur pajama pahanati haian. khan-pan mean ye kabile jau, bajare, kand, mool, phal se lekar chhipakali, giragit aur medhak ka maans tak khate haian.
visheshataean
- ‘kanjar’ shabd ki utpati ‘kananachar’ athava ’kanakachar’ se huee hai jisaka arth hai ‘jangaloan mean vicharan karane vala’.
- jhalava d , baraan, kota or udayapur ziloan mean nivas karate haian.
- kanjaroan ki kabili panchayat shaktishali aur sarvamany sabha hai. sabhy samaj ki drishti se peshevar aparadhi mane jane vale kanjaroan mean bhi kabili niyamoan ke ullanghan ki k di saja milati hai. aparadh svikriti ke nirale aur yatanapoorn dhang apanae jate haian.
- pati maangana– ye aparadh karane se poorv eeshvar ka ashirvad lete hai. usako pati maangana kaha jata hai.
- hakam raja ka pyala – ye hakam raja ka pyala pikar kabhi jhooth nahian bolate hai.
- in logoan ke gharoan mean bhagane ke lie pichhe ki taraph khidaki hoti hai parantu daravaze par kiva d nahian hote hai.
- kanjar kabili devi-devataoan ke sath hiandoo devi devataoan ki bhi manauti karate haian.
- ye log hanuman aur chauth mata ki pooja karate hai.
- vipatti p dane par kabili devata 'alamuandi' aur 'asapal' ke krodh-shaman-hetu bakare, suar aur murge ki bali di jati hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh