थारू
thumb|tharoo jati ki l dakiyaan tharoo jati bharat aur nepal ki janajatiyoan mean se ek hai. yah jati bharat ke uttaraanchal aur nepal ke dakshin bhag mean himalay ke taraee kshetr mean pramukhat: paee jati hai. 20vian sadi ke aant tak nepal mean tharoo jati ke logoan ki sankhya lagabhag 7 lakh, 20 hazar aur bharat mean lagabhag 10 hazar thi. tharoo jati ke log saanskritik roop se bharat se ju de haian aur ye bharopiy bhasha parivar ke 'bharatiy-eerani samooh' ke aantargat ane vali bharatiy-ary upasamoohoan ki bhasha bolate haian.
utpatti evan abadi
uttaraanchal ke tharoo kheti, pashupalan, shikar, machhali pak dane aur vanopaj sangrahan jaise kary karate haian. tharoo jati ki paanch uchch prajatiyaan haian, jo kul abadi ka 80 pratishat hai. tharoo jati apani utpatti rajasthan ke rajasi mool se hone ka dava karati hai. is jati ke log hiandoo hote haian. inaki samajik pranali pitri-vanshiy hone ke bavajood sanpatti par mahilaoan ka adhikar hiandoo samaj se adhik hota hai. tharoooan ke har gaanv ki ek panchayat aur usaka ek mukhiya hota hai.[1]
nivas kshetr
tharoo jati ka avas kshetr uttaraanchal ke taraee pradesh ke pashchimi bhag mean nainital zila v uttar pradesh ke dakshin poorv se lekar poorv mean gorakhapur aur nepal ki sima tak hai. yah kshetr himalay parvatapadiy evan shivalik kshetr mean nainital, goanda, khiri, gorakhapur aur nepal, pilibhit, baharaich evan basti ziloan mean poorv-pashchim disha ke madhy vistrit hai. tharoo janajati ka sabase adhik jamav nainital zile ke bilahari paragana, khatimata tahasil ki nanakamata, vilapuri evan tanakapur bastiyoan ke asapas paya jata hai. isi bhaanti nepal ki sima par khiri zile ke uttari kshetroan mean bilarain se kanakati ke madhy anek tharajan jati ki bastiyaan payi jati haian. inamean se mukhy kilapuri, khatimata, bilahari evan nanakamata hai. praantiy sarakar ne inhean 1961 mean janajati ka darja pradan kiya tha.
vidvanh vichar
'tharoo' shabd ki utpatti ke bare mean vidvanoan mean kafi matabhed haian. avadh gajetiyar ke anusar- 'tharoo' ka shabdik arth 'thahare' hai, arthath jo log taraee ke vanoan mean akar thahar gaye. nols ke anusar- 'tharoo' logoan mean apaharan vivah ki pratha hai. paha di bhasha mean 'tharoova' ka arth 'paidalar' hai, at: inhean tharoo kaha jane laga. kuchh any ke anusar- taraee ek 'tar' pradesh hai, at: isamean rahane vale log 'tar' ho gaye aur ye 'tarahua' kahe jane lage. kuchh ki manyata hai ki jab rajapoot aur muslim logoan ke bich yuddh hua to ye log hastinapur se dar ya tharatharate hue yahaan akar ruk gaye, at: inhean 'thatharana' kaha gaya. ek manyata yah bhi hai ki ye sharab khoob pite haian, at: maidanoan ke kshetriy rajaoan ne inhean 'tharoo' nam de diya. any vidvanoan ke matanusar- 'tharoo' shabd ka arth sthaniy bhasha mean 'jangal' hota hai. isase jangal mean rahane vali jati 'tharoo' kahalati hai. kuchh vidvanh tharoo marusthal se ane ke karan tharoo shabd ki utpatti manate haian.
sharirik gathan
nols ne inako dravi d prajati ke aantargat mana hai aur yah kaha hai ki dakshin ki or se taraee mean akar ye log bas gaye. oldaham ki manyata hai ki yah bharatiy jati se hi sambandhit rahe haian. nesphild ke matanusar tharoo any bharatiy logoan se milate-joolate haian, bhale hi unamean aantarvivah ke phalasvaroop mishrit lakshan paye jate hoan. majoomadar ka mat hai ki inaki sharirik rachana mangol aauyad prajati se milati-joolati hai, jaise tirachhe netr, gal ki haddiyaan ubhari huee, rang bhoora-pila, sharir aur chehare par bahut kam aur sidhe bal, madhyam aur sidhe akar ki nak adi. jabaki any sharirik lakshanoan mean ye nepaliyoan se milate-joolate haian, kyoanki kee shatabdiyoan se inake vaivahik sambandh nepal ke dakshini kshetroan se rahe haian. tharoo striyoan ka rang adhik saf hota hai. inaka chehara kuchh lambakar, athava gol, stan gol, uthe hue evan nukile, piandaliyaan adhik vikasit aur hoanth patale hote haian, kiantu sir kuchh lamba hota hai aur aankhe kale rang ki hoti haian. vastavikata yah hai ki tharoooan mean mangol aauyad aur bharatiy jatiyaan donoan ke hi mishrit sharirik lakshan drishtigochar hote haian. saanskritik samparkoan ke phalasvaroop tharoo jati ke sharirik lakshanoan mean paryapt parivartan hue haian. yadyapi tharoooan ka ausat qad aj bhi chhota hi hota hai.
bhojan
taraee kshetr ke tharoooan ka mukhy bhojan chaval hota hai, kyoanki yahi yahaan adhik paida kiya jata hai. ye log chaval ko bhoonakar ya ubalakar khate haian. makka ki roti, mooli, gajar ki sabji bhi khayi jati hai. machhali, doodh, dahi tatha dal bhi khayi jati hai. shushk rritu mean jvar, chana, matar, adi bhi khaye jate haian. aloo tatha chaval ke bane 'jaiand' ko b di ruchi se khate haian. chaval ki sharab inaka mukhy pey hai.
dharm
tharoo log pretatmaoan ki pooja karate haian. ab ye hinduoan ke devi devataoan ko bhi poojane lage haian. 'kalika'[2], 'bhairav'[3], 'narayan'[4] adi devataoan ke prati adhik shraddha hoti hai. gharoan mean inaki pooja ki jati hai. tharoo log eemanadar, sahriday, shaant prakriti vale hote haian, kiantu ab maidani nivasiyoan ke sampark se inamean katuva a gayi haian- jaise bal hatya, atmahatya karana, adi. holi, dipavali, janmashtami parvoan ko ye b de anand se manate haian. nach-gan aur sharab pina tabiyat se kiya jata hai.
mritak sanskar
tharoooan ka vishvas hai ki mrityu ke uparaant atma jahaan se ayi thi, vahian chali jati hai. in logoan ke anusar mrityu do prakar ki mani gayi hai: 'prakritik' jo pratyek vyakti ko bhugatani p dati hai aur 'aprakritik' jo dusht atmaoan, devi-devataoan ke shrap ka prakop aur bimariyoan ke karan hoti hai. mrityu hone par parivar ke sadasy shav ko snan karakar us par haldi ka lep kar use naye kap de pahana dete haian. phir shmashan mean le jakar lash ko adha jala dete haian, jabaki pahale ise ga d dete the. aant mean ghar ki shuddhi kar samaj ko davat di jati hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh