अपभ्रंश भाषा
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apabhransh bhasha madhy bharatiy-ary bhashaoan (lagabhag 12 vian shatabdi) ke tisare aur aantim charan ki sahityik bhasha hai.
- sahityik bhasha hone ke bavazood apabhransh mean aise parivartan parilakshit hue haian, jo uttari bharat mean boli jane vali boliyoan mean hue hoange.
- madhy bharatiy-ary bhasha mean sanskrit se kafi svaravaijnanik aur roopatmak aantar drishtigochar hota hai. roodh vyakaranavadi aise sabhi aantaroan ko apabhransh ki sanjna dete haian, jisaka arth vipath hona hai. aranbhik kal mean is prachalan ko bhrasht mana jata tha. shauraseni prakrit ko apabhransh ka aranbhik charan mana jata hai. jab sahityik upayog ke lie prakrit ko aupacharik roop diya gaya (sootrabaddh kiya gaya), to isake boligat prakaroan ko apabhransh ke roop mean pahachana jane laga.
- tisari shatabdi mean bharat muni ne naty vidya par apane granth natyashastr mean do prakar ki sthaniy boliyoan ka ullekh kiya hai, prakrit (bhashaean) aur usake bhransh (vibhashaean).
- satavian shatabdi ke kavi dandi ne abhir jaisi kavyatmak bhashaoan ko apabhransh kaha hai. is tarah is nishkarsh par pahuancha ja sakata hai, ki tisari shatabdi mean nishchit roop se apabhransh ke nam se jnat boliyaan thian, jo kramashah sahityik star tak vikasit hueean.
- chhathi shatabdi mean bhamah ne kavita ko sanskrit, prakrit tatha apabhransh ke roop mean vargikrit kiya. chhathi shatabdi tak apabhransh ko sahityik bhasha ke roop mean manyata mil chuki thi aur yah ek roodhibaddh shaili mean qayam rahi, yahaan tak ki navin bharatiy-ary bhashaoan ke sath bhi isaka astitv bana raha.
- ab bhi apabhransh sirf kavita ki bhasha ke roop mean jnat hai, kyoanki koee gady ya naty rachana is bhasha mean nahian hai.
- adhikaansh vartaman sahity jain pauranik kathaoan aur kianvadantiyoan par adharit hai. is bhasha ki kuchh shastriy rachanaean haian, athavian shatabdi mean svayanbhoodev dvara rachit, ramayan ka jain sanskaran pum chariu; 10 vian shatabdi ke pushpadant dvara likhit mahapuran (63 jain, charitroan ke jivan par adharit) aur nay kumar chariu; 10vian shatabdi ke dhanapal ki bhavisayattakaha; aur 11vian shatabdi ke padmakirti ki pasanah chariu hai.
- doha chhand, jinamean se pratyek apane ap mean sanpoorn hai aur ek svatantr avadharana ko moortiman karata hai, apabhransh ka lokapriy sahityik svaroop hai. dohoan ke kuchh ullekhaniy sankalan haian, satavian shatabdi mean devasen ki rachana savay- dhammadoha aur athavian shatabdi mean kanh ki rachana doha kosh.
- hemachandr ne 12 vian shatabdi mean prakrit vyakaran par apane granth mean apabhransh ki vyapak vivechana ki hai. kaha jata hai ki unaki tippaniyaan pashchimi boliyoan par adharit thian. sanbhavana hai ki inhian boliyoan se apabhransh kavy ka aranbh hua hoga.
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