मानव प्रजातियाँ

manav prajati ka vargikaran manav sharir ki akriti evan usake sharirik lakshanoan ke adhar par kiya jata hai. vishv mean paanch vrihath prajatiy samooh pae jate haian, jo nimnalikhit haian. halaanki manav prajati vargikaran ko lekar mataiky nahian hai-

1. kakeshayads- (yooropiy, semetik, iando-ary) vartaman vishv mean is prajati ki ganana ek vrihat prajati ke roop mean ki jati hai. ise tin vargoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai- nardik, alpain aur bhoomadhyasagariy.
2. mangolayads- (mukhyatah eshiyaee) is prajati ka nivas keral eshiya mahadvip mean hai.
3. nigroyads- (mukhyatah aphriki) kuchh log ise vishv ki pratham prajati ke roop mean manyata dete haian.
4. aaustrel aauyad- yah ek chhota samooh hai jo mukhyataya aaustreliya mean paya jata hai. is prajati ke logoan ki sankhya kafi kam hai.
5. hatenat aauts athava bushamain- is prajati ke log dakshini-pashchim aphrika ke kalahari marusthal mean nivas karate haian. inaki sankhya bhi duniya mean kafi kam hai.

bharat ki prajatiyaan

bharat ki janasankhya mean kee prajatiyoan ka sammishran vidyaman haian. ye prajatiyaan pragaitihasik kal se lekar samay-samay par desh mean ayi evan desh ke uttar se dakshin ki or basati gayi. bharatiy janasankhya mean itani prajatiy bhinnata milati hai ki use spasht nahian kiya ja sakata, phir bhi 1901 ki janaganana ke samay sar harabart rijale ne sarvapratham bharatiy janasankhya mean prajatiyoan ka vivaran prastut kiya. inake dvara ullekhit prajatiyoan evan unake kshetroan mean pramukh haian.

1. dravidayan - isake bharat ki adi prajati mana jata hai tatha isaka nivas dakshin rajyoan - tamilanadu, andhr pradesh, chhota nagapur pathar tatha madhy pradesh ke dakshini bhagoan mean hai. isake pratinidhi haian - paniyan (malavar), juaang (u disa), koanda (poorvi ghat), koand (poorvi ghat), goand (madhy pradesh), toda (nilagiri), bhil evan garisaya (rajasthan tatha gujarat) tatha santhal (chhota nagapur pathar).
2. bharatiy ary - is prajati ke bare mean anuman hai yah eesa se 2,000 varsh poorv madhy eshiya se bharat ayi, yadyapi ki adhikaansh viddhan ise bharat ki mool prajati manate haian. isaka nivas panjab, rajasthan, uttar pradesh tatha jammoo kashmir rajyoan mean haian.
3. mangolayad - is prajati ka nivas himachal pradesh, nepal ki samipavarti kshetr tatha asam rajyoan mean haian. isake pratinidhi hai - kanet (kulloo), lepcha (sikkim tatha darjiliang), bodoo (asam) tatha bhotiya.
4. dravi dayan - is prajati mean ary evan dravi d prajatiyoan ka mishran milata hai. isaka nivas uttar pradesh, bihar tatha rajasthan rajyoan ke kuchh bhagoan mean hai.
5. mangol dravi dayan - yah prajati pashchim bangal tatha u disa mean milati hai. yahaan ke bangali brahman tatha kayasth isake pratinidhi haian.
6. sitho-dravi dayan - yah prajati sithiyan tatha dravi d prajatiyoan ka mishran haian, jo keral, saurashtr, gujarat, kachchh tatha madhy pradesh ke paha di bhagoan nivas karati hai.
7. turk-eerani - yah prajati afaganistan tatha baloochistan mean nivas karati hai.

prajati vargikaran

rijale ka yah vargikaran aitihasik drishti se hi mahattvapoorn hai, jabaki vartaman mean isaki manyata samapt ho gayi hai. inake bad gyoophrida, haidan, eeksateand, hatan adi vidvanoan ne bharatiyoan prajatiyoan ka vargikaran prastut kiy. sanh 1931 ki janaganana riport par adharit d aau. bi.es. guha ka prajati-vargikaran sabase pramukh evan sarvamany haian, jisaka sankshipt vivaran nimnalikhit hai -

• nigrito - nigrito prajati ke log mukhyatah andaman nikobar dvip samooh mean paye jate haian. isake any pratinidhi haian - aangami naga (manipur tatha kachhar paha di kshetr), baang di, irula, kadar, pulayan, muthuvan tatha kannikar (sudoor dakshin). is prajati ke log dakshin bharat mean travarakor-kochin, poorvian bihar ki rajamahal paha diyaan tatha uttari-poorvi simant rajyoan mean milate haian.
• proto-astrelayad athava poorv dravi d - proto-astrelayad athava poorv-dravi d prajati bharatiy janajatiyoan mean sammishran ho gayi haian. isake tatvoan ka vahan karane vale dakshin bharat mean milate haian. jinamean cheanchoo, malayan, kurumba, yaruba, munda, kol, santhal tatha bhil adi pramukh haian. isake tatv kuchh logoan mean hi spasht hote haian.
• mangolayad - mangolayad prajati tin upavargo mean milati haian, jo is prakar haian-

1. poorv-mangolayad - yah prajati himalay parv ki talahati mean tatha asam evan myanmar sima kshetroan mean payi jati hai. nama, miri, bodo isase sambandhit haian.
2. chau de sir vali prajati ke log lepcha janajati mean milate hai tatha baangladesh ke chakama isi prajati se sambandhit haian.
3. tibbati-mangolayad prajati ke log sikkim tatha bhootan mean haian.

• bhoomadhy sagariy athava dravi d prajati - desh mean bhoomadhyasagariy athava dravid prajati ke tin upavibhag vidyaman haian -

1. prachin bhoomadhyasagariy, jo dakshin bharat ke telagoo tatha tamil brahmanoan mean milate haian
2. bhoomadhyasagariy, jo sindhu ghati sabhyata ke janmadata mane jate haian tatha n mean panjab, kashmir, rajasthan, uttar pradesh, kochin, maharashtr tatha malabar mean milate haian.
3. poorvi athava saimitik prajati ke log panjab, rajasthan tatha pashchimi uttar pradesh mean paye jate haian. turki athava arab mean udbhut in logoan ne sambhavatah nav pashan kal mean bharat mean pravesh kiya tha.

• nardik athava indo-aryan prajati - nardik athava indoan aryan bharat mean sabase ant mean ane vali prajati hai. vartaman mean inaka nivas uttar bharat mean paya jata hai. rajapoot, sikh adi isake pratinidhi mane jate haian.
• chau d sir vali prajati - chau de sir vali prajati yoorop se bharat ayi mani jati hai. isake tin pramukh upavarg haian.

1. elpon aauid, jo saurashtr (kathi) , gujarat (baniya) , pashchim bangal (kayasth), maharashtr, tamilanadu, bihar, poorvi uttar pradesh adi mean milati haian.
2. dinarik, jo bhoomadhyasagariy prajati ke sath mili huee payi jati hai.
3. armenaid jisake pratinidhi haian mumbee ke parasi log. pashchim bangal ke kayasth tatha shrilanka ki vedda prajati bhi inase hi sambandhit mani jati hai.

smaraniy hai ki bharat mean prajatiyoan ki itani vidhita vidyaman hai, kisi bhi prajati ko spashtaroopen alag nahian kiya ja sakata. yahaan sabhi prajatiyoan ke pratinidhi to mil sakate haian, lekin shuddh roop se nahian. vartaman sabhyata mean prajatiy vicharadhara apana mahatv kho chuki hai aur isalie bharat ko ‘prajatiyoan ka galan-patr kaha jata hai. ham kisi prajati vishesh ke pratinidhi bad mean haian, bharatiy pahale.

panne ki pragati avastha

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