अल्फ्रेड
alphred (lagabhag 848-900 ee.) prachin ianglaiand ke rajaoan mean se ek tha, jo apane parakram aur tap ke karan 'mahan' ki upadhi se vibhooshit hua. us kal ke ianglaiand ke rajaoan ka denoan se mahan sangharsh hua. denoan ke dal ke dal sagar par se dvip mean utar ate aur use loot-khasot kar svadesh laut jate. unaki mar se ianglaiand jarjar ho utha aur usake rajaoan ko bar-bar parajay ka shikar hona p da. unhian ke pratikar mean alphrade ne jivan bhar sangharsh kiya aur anek bar to usaki sthiti samany bhago de jaisi ho gee.
janapriyata
ianglaiand ki romaanchak aitihasik lokasmritiyoan mean alphred ki kahani b di priy ho gee hai aur usaki janapriyata ka parinam yah hua ki usake sanbandh mean sach jhooth donoan prakar ki anushrutiyaan prachalit ho gee haian. ek ka to yahaan tak kahana hai ki alphred ko ek bar denoan se harakar g derie ke ghar mean sharan leni p di thi, jahaan g derie ki patni ne use anajane k di-k di batean kahi thian. rana pratap jaisa vir jivan bitane vale alphred ka charit sachamuch itihas ki priy katha ban gaya hai.
parichay
alphred ka janm vaantej mean hua. vah raja eethen bulk ka paanchavaan beta tha. usake pita ke marane par usake do b de bhaiyoan, eethel balt aur eethel bart ne bari-bari raj kiya. phir unase chhota bhaee ianglaiand ki gaddi par baitha aur tabhi se alphred rajaniti ke kshetr mean utara. 668 ee. mean donoan bhaeeyoan ne pahali bar marasiya mean denoan ka samana kiya, par unhean ve jit n sake. do sal bad denoan ke viruddh sangharsh aur ghana ho gaya aur 891 mean alphred ne unase nau-nau l daiyaan l dian. har aur jit ka jaise taanta bandh gaya aur inhian ke bich jab b da bhaee eethel red mara, tab alphred ianglaiand ki gaddi par baitha. abhi vah bhaee ki lash daphanane mean hi laga tha ki use unase phir l dana p da. par jo sandhi huee usake anusar alphred ko dam lene ke lie paanch sal mil ge.
athelani mean sharan
den ianglaiand ke any bhagoan mean vyast the aur 876 ee. mean ve phir unaki or laute. unhoanne egzitar chhin liya, par shighr hi alphred ki chot aur apana jahaji be da toophan mean u d jane ke karan unhean harakar marasiya lautana p da. agale sal den phir laute aur alphred ko gine-chune adamiyoan ke sath jangal aur daladal laangh athelani mean sharan leni p di. isi sharan ki kahani g derie ki kianvadanti se sanbandh rakhati hai. raja gaanv mean vahaan chhipa jaroor tha, par vastut: vah vahaan jit ki taiyari kar raha tha.
poorn vijay
878 ee. ki mee mean vah apane ashray se bahar nikala aur rah mean milati jati senaoan ke sath denoan se loha lene chala. viltashayar ke ediangtar nagar ke pas donoan ki muthabhe d huee aur alphred poorn vijayi hua. denoan ke raja gthruam ne atmasamarpan kar eesaee dharm svikar kiya. agale sal veseks aur marasiya se vedamor ki sulah ke mutabiq den senaean bahar nikal geean, yadyapi landan aur ianglaiand ke uttar poorvi bhag ab bhi unhian ke kabje mean bane rahe. kuchh sal shaanti rahi, par 885 mean jo sangharsh hua usase landan bhi alphred ke hath mean a gaya. usake bad denoan ke jo dal ae, unake sath unake bibi bachche bhi the, jisase prakat ho gaya is bar ve jamakar ianglaiand jitane ae haian. denoan ki deshi aur videshi phaujean milakar ianglaiand jitane ka prayas karane lagian. pahale pharnaham mean unaki har huee phir ghane morche ke bad egzitar mean. l daee par l daee hoti gee, par alphred ne n svayan dam liya, n denoan ko lene diya. aant mean majaboor hokar unhoanne l daee se hath khianch liya. kuchh ianglaiand mean bas ge, kuchh sagar par utar ge.
sushasan tatha paandity
alphred ne denoan ki shakti to d dene ke bad desh ke shaantimay shasan mean chitt lagaya. rajy ko sushasan ke lie usane 'shayaroan', 'handreda', 'burgoan' mean baanta aur vahaan nyay ki pratishtha ki. sthal aur nausenaoan ko bhi usane badhaya aur kiloan ko majaboot kiya, unamean lakshak senaean rakhian. alphred ka nam jis adar se deshaseva ke sanbandh mean liya jata hai usi adar se usake paandity ka ullekh bhi itihas mean hota hai. usane anek granthoan mean latini se svayan aangrezi mean anuvad kiya. prasiddh aangrez lekhak bid usaka samakalin tha aur usaka prasiddh granth 'eklesiyastikal histri aauv di ianglish pipul' bhi alphred ka hi anuvad mana jata hai, yadyapi idhar kuchh dinoan se kuchh logoan ko isamean sandeh hone laga hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 264-65 |
sanbandhit lekh
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