आंध्र प्रदेश
aandhr pradesh
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| rajadhani | haidarabad |
| rajabhasha(ean) | telugu bhasha,urdoo bhasha |
| sthapana | 1 navanbar, 1956 |
| janasankhya | 7,62,10,000 [1] |
| · ghanatv | 277 [2] /varg kimi |
| kshetraphal | 2,75,000 varg kimi |
| bhaugolik nirdeshaank | 17.366° N 78.476° E |
| tapaman | ausat 29 °C |
| · grishm | 45 °C |
| · sharad | 13 °C |
| zile | 23 [2] |
| sabase b da nagar | haidarabad |
| mukhy paryatan sthal | salarajang sangrahalay, charaminar, golakuanda qila, husain sagar jhil, tirupati venkateshavar mandir |
| liang anupat | 1000:978 ♂/♀ |
| saksharata | 61.11% |
| rajyapal | ee.es.el narasimhan [2] |
| mukhyamantri | en. kiran kumar reddi [2] |
| bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
- bharat ke dakshin-poorvi tat par yah rajy hai.
- kshetraphal ke anusar bharat ka yah chautha sabase b da aur janasankhya ki drishti se paanchava sabase b da rajy hai.
- isaki rajadhani aur sabase b da shahar haidarabad hai.
- bharat ke sabhi rajyoan mean sabase lanba samudr tat gujarat mean 1600 kilomitar hai aur doosare sthan par is rajy ka samudr tat 972 kilomitar hai.
itihas
aandhr pradesh ke vishay mean praranbhik vivaran aitarey brahman (lagabhag2000 eesa poorv) mean milata hai. isamean ullekh haian ki aandhr pradesh ke nivasi mool roop se ary jati ke the aur uttar bharat mean rahate the, jahaan se ve viandhy parvatoan ke dakshin tak chale ge aur kalantar mean anaryo ke sath ghul mil ge.
[[chitr:Charminar-Hyderabad-1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|charaminar, haidarabad
Charminar, Hyderabad]]
- telugu shabd ka mool roop sanskrit mean "triliang" hai. isaka tatpary aandhr pradesh ke shrishail ke mallikarjun liang, kaleshvar aur draksharam ke shivaliang se hai. in tinoan simaoan se ghira desh triliang desh aur yahaan ki bhasha triliang (telugu) kahalaee. is shabd ka prayog telugu ke adi-kavi "nannay bhatt" ke mahabharat mean milata hai. yah shabd trinag shabd se bhi utpann hua mana jata hai. isaka ashay tin b de b de parvatoan ki madhy sima mean vyapt is pradesh se hai. aandhr janata uttar disha se dakshin ki or jab hataee gee to dakshinavasi hone ke karan is pradesh aur bhasha ko "tenugu" nam diya gaya.
- tamil bhasha mean dakshin ka nam ten hai. tenugu nam hone ka ek aur karan bhi hai. tenugu mean tene (tene u shahad, agu u jaho) shabd ka arth hai shahad. yah bhasha madhumadhur hone ke karan tenugu nam se prasiddh hai. yah pradesh "veginam" se bhi jnat hai. "vegi" ka arth hai krishnaa, godavari nadiyoan ka madhyadesh jo ek bar jal gaya tha. yah nam bhasha ke liye vyavahrit nahian hai.
- aandhr ek jati ka nam hai. rrigved ki katha ke anusar rrishi vishvamitr ke shap se unake 50 putr aandhr, puliand aur shabar ho ge. sanbhavat: aandhr jati ke log ary kshatriy the.
- itihasakaroan ke anusar aandhr pradesh ka niyamit itihas 236 eesa poorv se milana shuroo hota hai. 236 eesa poorv mean hi samrat ashok ka nidhan hua tha aur usake bad ke samay mean satavahan, shak, ikshvaku, poorvi chaluky aur kakatiy ne is telugu bhashi desh par rajy kiya. inake bad mean vijay nagar aur kutubashahi shasakoan ka shasan raha aur unake bad mir kamarooddin ke shasan mean 17 vian shatabdi se aangrezoan ne desh ke kee bhagoan ko apane niyantran mean le liya aur madras praant ki sthapana kar di.
- svatantrata ke pashchat telugu bhashi kshetr ko madras praant se alag karake 1 aktoobar 1953 ko ne pradesh ka nirman kiya gaya jisaka nam aandhr pradesh rakha gaya. rajy punargathan adhiniyam, 1956 banane ke bad haidarabad rajy ko aandhr pradesh mean mila kar 1 navanbar, 1956 mean 'aandhr pradesh' rajy ka nirman hua.
- aandhr pradesh ke uttar mean u disa rajy aur chhattisagadh, pashchim mean maharashtr aur karnatak, dakshin mean tamilanadu aur poorv mean lagabhag 975 kilomitar ki tat rekha bangal ki kha di hai.
- andhr pradesh mean utnoor namak sthan par utkhanan ke parinamasvaroop vahaan h dappa yugottar sanskriti ka abhijnan hua hai.
[[chitr:Buddha-Statue-Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|left|buddh, haidarabad
Buddha, Hyderabad]]
arthavyavastha
khadyann utpadan mean sanlagn aandhr pradesh ki arthavyavastha ka prathamik kshetr krishi hai. aandhr pradesh desh ke pramukh dhan utpadan rajyoan mean se ek hai aur bharat mean varjiniya tanbakoo ka lagabhag 4/5 bhag ka utpadan bhi yahian hota hai. rajy ki nadiyaan, visheshakar godavari aur krishnaa krishi ke lie mahattvapoorn haian. lanbe samay tak inake labh aandhr pradesh ke tatiy kshetroan tak simit the, jinhean sarvottam sianchaee suvidhaean upalabdh thian. svatantrata ke bad shushk aantarik kshetroan ke lie in do nadiyoan ke alava any do nadiyoan ke pani ko ekatr karane ke prayas kie ge haian. naharoan dvara sianchaee karane se telangana aur rayalasima kshetroan mean tatiy aandhr pradesh ki krishi-audyogik ikaiyoan se ho d leti ikaiyoan ki sankhya badh gee hai.
krishi
aandhr pradesh mean nagarikoan ka mukhy vyavasay kheti hai, isake lagabhag 62 pratishat hisse mean kheti hoti hai. aandhr pradesh ki mukhy fasal chaval hai aur yahaan ke logoan ka mukhy ahar bhi chaval hi hai. rajy ke kul anaj ke utpadan ka 77 pratishat bhag chaval hi hai. yahaan ki any pramukh fasalean - jvar, tanbakoo, kapas aur ganna haian. aandhr pradesh bharat ka sabase adhik mooangaphali paida karane vala rajy hai. rajy ke kshetraphal ke 23 pratishat hisse mean saghan ghane van haian. van utpadoan mean sagavan, yookeliptas, kajoo, kaisyoorina aur imarati lak di mukhy roop se haian.
sianchaee vyavastha
rajy mean mahattvapoorn sianchaee pariyojanaean chal rahi haian unamean 'vansh dhara pariyojana charan - I', 'godavari delta pranali', 'yeleroo jalashay pariyojana', 'krishnaa delta pennar nadi nahar pranali', 'nilam sanjiv reddi sagar pariyojana', 'tuangabhadra pariyojana' aur 'rajo ji band pariyojana' shamil hai. aandhr pradesh bharat ka pahala rajy hai jisamean sianchaee sadhanoan ke prabandhan mean kisanoan ko bhagidar banaya haian.
sansadhan
rajy ke khanij sansadhanoan mean esbestas, abhrak, maianganij, bairait aur uchch shreni ka koyala shamil hai. rajy ke dakshini bhagoan nimn shreni ka lauh ayask paya jata hai. desh ke kul bairait ka adhikaansh utpadan aandhr pradesh mean hota hai. yah dakshin bharat ka ek matr aisa rajy hai, jahaan koyale ke bhandar pae jate haian. godavari aur krishnaa nadiyoan ke delta mean prakritik gais ke b de bhandar mile haian. kabhi vishv prasiddh rahi golakuanda ka hire ki khanoan mean ne sire se utpadan kiya ja raha hai. inhian khanoan mean kohinoor hira aur any prasiddh patthar pae ge the. yahaan sphatik, choona-patthar aur grephait bhi paya jata hai. apane khanij sansadhanoan ke poorn upayog ke lie rajy ne ek khanan aur dhatu vyapar nigam sthapit kiya hai.
udyog aur khanij
kabhi audyogik roop se alpavikasit raha aandhr pradesh 20 vian shatabdi ke uttararddh mean bharat ke audyogik rajyoan mean se ek ban gaya hai. keandr sarakar ne vishakhapattanam aur haidarabad kshetroan mean jalapot nirman, vaimaniki, vidyut upakaran, mashin upakaran aur dava udyog sthapit kie haian. adhikaansh niji udyog vijayava da-guantoor kshetr mean sthit haian, jo rasayan, kap da, simeant, urvarak, prasanskrit khady utpad, petroliyam utpadan aur sigaret ka utpadan karate haian. vishakhapattanam mean ek tel parishodhanashala hai tatha desh ka sabase b da jalapot nirman yard hai phir bhi khanan aur vinirman udyog rajy ki ay ka ek chhota hissa hi hai. keandr sarakar ne vishakhapattanam mean ek vishal ispat sanyantr khola hai, kyoanki vahaan kachche mal aur pattan ki suvidhaean sulabh haian. hal ke varshoan mean panabijali aur tap vidyut pariyojanaoan se hua vidyutikaran bhi audyogikikaran v sianchaee mean sahayak siddh hua hai. lanbi samudri tatarekha aur anek nadiyoan ke karan rajy mean matsy udyog bhi mahattvapoorn aur vikasonmukh udyog hai.
haidarabad aur vishakhapattanam ke pas b de udyogoan mean mashini auzar, aushadhiyaan, bhari bijali mashinean, urvarak, ilektr aauannik upakaran, vimanoan ke kalapurje, simeant aur rasayan, kaanch tatha ghadiyoan adi ka utpadan hota hai. aandhr pradesh mean desh ke achchhe kism ke krisolait esbestas ke vishalatam bhandar haian. isake atirikt yahaan taanba, maiganij, abhrak, koyala tatha choona patthar jaise mahattvapoorn khanij bhi pae jate haian. siangareni koyala khanoan se samooche dakshin bharat mean koyale ki apoorti ki jati hai.
soochana praudyogiki
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- aandhr pradesh soochana praudyogiki ke kshetr mean teji se age badh raha hai. aee. ti. kshetr mean rajy mean kee yojanaean shuroo ki gayi haian.
- varangal, tirupati, kakinada, vishakhapattanam, vijayava da, guantoor aur kadappa jaise shaharoan mean soochana praudyogiki ka vistar ho raha hai. aee. aee. ti. medak zile mean kary karana shuroo kar raha hai aur bits pilani bhi haidarabad mean kaianpas kholane ki taiyari kar raha hai.
- rajiv gaandhi jnan praudyogiki vishvavidyalay ke adhin tin bharatiy soochana praudyogiki sansthan (kadappa mean idupulapaya, krishnaa zile mean nujavid tatha adilabad mean basara mean) kholane ke lie prayas ho rahe haian.
[[chitr:Charminar-Hyderabad-5.jpg|thumb|left|charaminar, haidarabad
Charminar, Hyderabad]]
parivahan
rajy mean char pramukh havaee adde haian- haidarabad, vijayava da, tirupati aur vishakhapattanam. rajy ke adhikaansh bhagoan mean rel pranali hai, jo ise bharat ke any bhagoan se jo dati hai. yahaan ki vistrit s dak pranali mean tin rashtriy rajamarg shamil haian, jo aandhr pradesh ko desh ke any pramukh shaharoan se jo date haian. s dakoan ki vyavastha rajy aur sthaniy shasan ke hath mean hai. bas parivahan, jisake ek b de bhag ka 20vian shatabdi ke uttararddh mean phir se nijikaran kar diya gaya, vibhinn shaharoan ke bich drutagami suvidhaean pradan karata hai. tatiy kshetroan mean naharoan, visheshakar krishnaa nadi se chennee tak tat ke samanaantar bah rahi khare pani ki kommamur nahar ka upayog mal dhone ke lie kiya jata hai. vishakhapattanam ek pramukh samudri aantarrashtriy bandaragah hai.
- s dakean
san 2007 tak aandhr pradesh se hokar gujarane vale rashtriy rajamargoan ki lanbaee 4,647 kilomitar thi aur praantiy s dakoan ki lanbaee 63,863 kilomitar thi jisamean 10,412 kilomitar praantiy rajamarg the.
- relave
aandhr pradesh mean lagabhag 5,107 kilomitar relamargo mean se 4,633 kilomitar b di lain vale, 437 kilomitar mitar gej tatha 37 kilomitar chhoti lain vale haian.
- uddayan
rajy mean mahattvapoorn havaee adde haidarabad, tirupati aur vishakhapattanam mean haian. haidarabad se niyamit aantararashtriy u danean haian.
- bandaragah
vishakhapattanam aandhr pradesh ka pramukh bandaragah hai. rajy mean kee chhote bandaragah haian. mal dhulaee kshamata mean aandhr pradesh ka doosara sthan hai aur isaki kshamata badh ja rahi hai.
shiksha
aandhr pradesh mean saksharata dar lagabhag 61.11 pratishat hai. rajy ki shiksha pranali mean skooli shiksha ke 10 varsh ke bad do varsh ka jooniyar k aaulej pathyakram shamil hai, usake bad snatak aur snatakottar shiksha ki vyavastha hai. 1961 se rajy mean prathamik shiksha ni:shulk aur anivary rahi hai. sthaniy nikayoan ke aantargat ane vali madhyamik shiksha bhi ni:shulk hai. rajy mean 12 vishvavidyalay haian- haidarabad (krishi vishvavidyalay sahit paanch), v aaulteyar, varangal, guantoor, vijayava da, anantapur aur tirupati (do) - pratyek se kee mahavidyalay sanbaddh haian. kee sansthan snatakottar prashikshan aur suvidhaean upalabdh karate haian. haidarabad mean aangrezi aur videshi bhashaoan ka keandriy sansthan hai. audyogikikaran ki avashyakataoan ko poora karane ke lie kee varshoan se takaniki shiksha par vishesh dhyan diya ja raha hai. bahut se audyogik prashikshan sansthan vyavasayik prashikshan dete haian, vishvavidyalayoan ke ianjiniyariang k aaulej uchchastariy takaniki karmiyoan ko prashikshit karate haian. ye suvidhaean niji taur par kam karane vale sansthanoan mean bhi upalabdh haian.
saanskritik jivan
bharatiy saanskritik virasat mean aandhr pradesh ka yogadan ullekhaniy hai. prachin samay se is kshetr mean vastukala aur chitrakala atyant vikasit rahi. bharatiy paranpara mean kuchipudi nrity shaili anokhi hai. karnatak (dakshin bharatiy) sangit ne aandhr pradesh se bahut kuchh grahan kiya hai. kee dakshin bharatiy shastriy sangitakar aandhr pradesh ke haian aur bahut si sangit rachanaoan ki bhasha telugu rahi hai. dravi d parivar ki char pramukh sahityik bhashaoan mean se ek telugu ka bharatiy bhashaoan mean sammanit sthan hai. yah bhasha apani puratan shaili aur madhur pravah ke lie vikhyat hai. adhunik bharatiy sahityik punarjagaran mean aandhravasi pramukh rahe haian aur unake lekhan mean sahityik svaroopoan aur abhivyakti mean aee samakalin kraanti ka prabhav pratibianbit hua hai. yahaan aangreji, telugu aur urdoo mean kee patrikaean prakashit hoti haian.
telangana kshetr ki muslim sanskriti rajy ki saanskritik vividhata ko aur bhi samriddh karati hai. kala v sahity rajasi v niji sanrakshan mean panapate the, jinamean se kuchh pratishthan aj bhi karyarat haian. rajy ne lalit kalaoan, nrity, natak, sangit aur sahity ke punarutthan, unaki lokapriyata badhane aur protsahit karane ke lie svayatt akadamiyaan banaee haian. sanskriti ki satat chetana gramin ki bajay ek shahari prakriya hai, kyoanki saanskritik karyakram, sahityik baithakean aur dharmik charchaean adhikatar nagaroan ya shaharoan mean hoti haian. gramin kshetroan mean lokasanskriti ki pradhanata hai. rajy ke alag-alag bhagoan mean vibhinn aitihasik paristhitiyoan mean hue saanskritik vikas ke karan vahaan ki boliyoan, jati vyavastha aur adatoan mean aantar ane se lokakala mean vaividhy aya. lokagayakoan dvara gayan, kathaputali nach aur pauranik katha vachan is kshetr ki apani kalaean haian. gramin kshetroan mean sanchar madhyamoan, visheshakar rediyoan aur telivijan ki pahuanch se gramin janata mean shastriy sanskriti aur shahari janata mean lok sanskriti sanbandhi jagarukata lane mean madad mili hai. aandhr pradesh film banane vale kuchh pramukh bharatiy rajyoan mean se ek hai.
paryatan sthal
[[chitr:Tirumala-Venkateswara-Temple-Tirupati-2.jpg|thumb|250px|tirupati venkateshavar mandir, tirupati
Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, Tirupati]]
- haidarabad mean charaminar, salarajang sangrahalay aur golakuanda qila
- varangal mean sahastr stanbh mandir aur qila
- yadagirigutta mean shrilakshmi narasianh svami mandir
- nagarjunakoanda aur nagarjun sagar mean bauddh stoop
- tiroomala-tiroopati mean shri tirupati veankateshvar mandir
- shriselamak ka shrimallikarjunasvami mandir
- vijayava da ka kanak durga mandir
[[chitr:Golkunda-Fort-Hyderabad-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|golakuanda qila, haidarabad
Golkonda Fort, Hyderabad]]
- panigiri, jahaan prachin shatavahan kalin bauddh upanivesh ke bhagnaveshesh haian.
- annavaram mean shri satyanarayan svami mandir
- simhachalam mean shri varah narasianh svami mandir
- bhadrachalam mean shri sitaram mandir, arakughati, horsale pahadiyaan, sheshachalam paha diyaan, eramala parvatamala, nallamalaee parvat aur nelapatatoo adi aandhr pradesh ke mahattvapoorn paryatan sthal haian.
- haidarabad ki husain sagar jhil mean taiankaband mean pramukh telugu mahapurushoan ki 33 adamaqad moortiyaan lagaee gee haian aur jhil ke bich mean jibraltar chattan par 60 phut ki vishalakay buddh pratima lagaee gee hai. yah jhil haidarabad aur sikandarabad shaharoan ko alag karati hai.
- kesarapalli andhr pradesh ke krishnaa zilaantargat ek aitihasik sthan hai.
nagula paha d
nagula paha d andhr-pradesh ke nalagoanda zile mean sthit hai. yah sthan prachin mandiroan ke lie prasiddh hai. in mandiroan mean se ek mandir ke praveshadvar par sundar shilpakala pradarshit ki gee hai.
davaleshvaram
davaleshvaram nagar poorvi - godavari zila, poorvottar aandhr pradesh rajy, dakshin bharat mean sthit hai. godavari nadi ke muhane par sthit davaleshvaram mean 3.2 kimi lanba baandh hai.
vithika
- chitr:Charminar-Hyderabad-3.jpg
- chitr:Golkunda-Fort-Hyderabad-7.jpg
- chitr:Ramoji-Film-City-Hyderabad.jpg
- chitr:Warangal-Fort-Andhra-Pradesh.jpg
varangal qila
- chitr:Tirumala-Venkateswara-Temple-Tirupati.jpg
- chitr:Visakhapatnam-Coast-View.jpg
vishakhapattanam ka ek drishy
- chitr:Kanaka-Durga-Temple-Vijayawada.jpg
kanak durga mandir, vijayava da
- chitr:Borra-Caves- Araku-Valley.jpg
- chitr:Submarine-Museum-Visakhapatnam.jpg
- chitr:Buddha-Amaravati-Andhra-Pradesh.jpg
- chitr:Tirumala-Venkateswara-Temple-Tirupati-3.jpg
- chitr:Rishikonda-Beach-Vishakhapatnam.jpg
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
