शूद्र शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति
shoodr shabd ki vyutpatti
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| vivaran | shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai. |
| utpatti | shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha. |
| pauranik sandarbh | vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.[1] |
| vaidik paranpara | atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha.[2] paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya. |
| aitihasik sandarbh | shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian. |
| arthik sthiti | uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian[3] is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha. |
| madhy kal | kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya. |
| adhunik kal | vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara |
| any janakari | pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.[4] |
shoodr shabd ka vyutpatyarth nikalane ke jo prayas hue haian, ve anishchit se lagate haian aur unase varn ki samasya ko sulajhane mean shayad hi koee sahayata milati hai.
badarayan ke anusar
sabase pahale 'vedant sootr' mean badarayan ne is disha mean prayas kiya tha. isamean 'shoodr' shabd ko do bhagoan mean vibhakt kar diya gaya hai- 'shukh’ [5] aur ‘dr’, jo ‘dru’ dhatu se bana hai aur jisaka arth hai, dau dana.[6] isaki tika karate hue shankar ne is bat ki tin vaikalpik vyakhyaean ki haian ki janashruti[7] shoodr kyoan kahalaya -
- 'vah shok ke andar dau d gaya’, - ‘vah shok nimagn ho gaya’ (shuchamh abhidudrav)
- ‘us par shok dau d aya’, - ‘us par santap chha gaya’ (shucha va abhidruve)
- ‘apane shok ke mare vah raikv dau d gaya’ (shucha va raikvamh abhidudrav). [8] shankar ka nishkarsh hai ki shoodr, shabd ke vibhinn aangoan ki vyakhya karane par hi use samajha ja sakata hai, anyatha nahian.[9] badarayan dvara 'shoodr' shabd ki vyutpatti aur shankar dvara usaki vyakhya donoan hi vastut: asantoshajanak haian.[10] kaha jata hai ki shankar ne jis janashruti ka ullekh kiya hai, vah atharvaved mean varnit uttar - pashchim bharat ke nivasi mahavrishoan par rajy karata tha. yah anishchit hai ki vah 'shoodr varn' ka tha. vah ya to 'shoodr janajati' ka tha ya uttar-pashchim ki kisi jati ka tha, jise brahman lekhakoan ne shoodr ke roop mean chitrit kiya hai.
panini ke anusar
panini ke vyakaran mean 'unadisootr' ke lekhak ne is shabd ki aisi hi vyatpatti ki hai, jisamean shoodr shabd ke do bhag kie ge haian, arthath dhatu 'shuchh' ya shukh+r.[11] pratyay ‘r’ ki vyakhya karana kathin hai aur yah vyutpatti bhi kalpanik aur asvabhavik lagati hai.[12]
puranoan ke anusar
puranoan mean jo paramparaean haian, unase bhi shoodr shabd 'shuchh' dhatu se sambaddh jan p data hai, jisaka arth hota hai, santapt hona. kaha jata hai ki ‘jo khinn hue aur bhage, sharirik shram karane ke abhyast the tatha din-hin the, unhean shoodr bana diya gaya’.[13] kintu shoodr shabd ki aisi vyakhya usake vyutpatyarth batane ki apeksha paravarti kal mean shoodroan ki sthiti par hi prakash dalati hai.
bauddhoan ke anusar
- bauddhoan dvara prastut vyakhya bhi brahmanoan ki vyakhya ki hi tarah kalpanik maloom hoti hai. buddh ke anusar jin vyaktiyoan ka acharan atankapoorn aur hin koti ka tha[14], ve sudd[15] kahalane lage aur is tarah sudd, sanskrit-shoodr shabd bana.[16]
- yadi madhyakal ke bauddh shabdakosh mean shoodr shabd kshudr ka paryay ban gaya, [17] aur isase yah nishkarsh nikala gaya ki shoodr shabd kshudr se bana hai.[18]
- donoan hi vyutpattiyaan bhashavijnan ki drishti se asantoshajanak haian, kintu phir bhi mahattvapoorn haian, kyoanki unase prachin kal mean 'shoodr varn' ke prati prachalit dharana ka abhas milata hai.
- samaj ka prabhav
brahmanoan dvara prastut vyutpatti mean shoodroan ki dayaniy avastha ka chitran kiya gaya hai, kintu bauddh vyutpatti mean samaj mean unaki hinata aur nyoonata ka parichay milata hai. in vyutpattiyoan se keval itana pata chalata hai ki bhasha aur vyutpatti sambandhi vyakhyaean bhi samajik sthitiyoan se prabhavit hoti haian.
- samakalin mat
hal mean ek lekhak ne shoodr shabd ki vyutpatti is roop mean ki hai- dhatu ‘shhvi’[19]+dhatu ‘dru’[20]. usaki ray hai ki is shabd ka arth hai ki, aisa vyakti jo sthool jivan ki or dau de. atev usaki drishti mean shoodr ‘aisa ganvar hai jo sharirik shram karane ke lie hi bana hai.’ [21] yah bahut hi adabhut bat hai ki yahaan do dhatuoan ke mel se ‘shoodr’ shabd ki utpatti ki gee hai aur tab jab usaka koee purana vyutpatyatmak adhar nahian hai. is shabd ko lekhak jo arth dena chahata hai, vah shoodroan ke prati keval paramparavadi manovritti ko chitrit kar pata hai. usase shoodroan ki utpatti par koee prakash nahian p data.
shoodr dayaniy aur upekshit
- utpatti ke samay 'shoodr varn' ki sthiti dayaniy aur upekshit thi, yah bat rrigved aur atharvaved mean varnit samaj ke chitran se shayad hi siddh hoti hai. in sanhitaoan mean kahian par bhi n to 'das' aur ary ke bich aur n shoodr aur 'uchch vargoan' ke bich bhojan aur vaivahik pratibandh ka praman milata hai.[22]
- varnoan ke bich samajik bhedabhav batane vala ekamatr poorvakalin sandarbh atharvaved mean paya jata hai, jisamean yah dava kiya gaya hai ki brahman ko, rajany aur vaishy ki tulana mean, kisi nari ka pahala pati banane ka adhikar prapt hai.[23] aur bhi kahian-kahian brahmanoan ke visheshadhikaroan ki charcha ki gee hai, yatha kaha gaya hai ki unaki gay athava stri ko koee hath nahian laga sakata. par is sambandh mean kahian shoodr ki charcha nahian milati, kyoanki pray: us samay yah varn vidyaman nahian tha.
- isaka koee adhar nahian ki das aur shoodr apavitr samajhe jate the aur n hi isaka koee praman milata hai ki unake chhoo jane se uchch varnoan ke logoan ka sharir aur bhojan dooshit ho jata tha.[24] apavitrata ka sara dhakosala bad mean kh da kiya gaya, jab samaj 'krishipradhan' hone ke bad varnoan mean bant gaya aur oopar ke varn apane lie tarah-tarah ki suvidhaean aur visheshadhikar maangane lage.[25]
shoodr varn ka udhbhav
- shoodr varn ke udabhav ke vishay mean saraansh yah hai ki aantarik aur bahari sangharshoan ke karan ary ya ary-poorv logoan ki sthiti aisi ho gee hai.[26] chooanki sangharsh mukhyataya maveshi ke svamitv ko lekar aur bad mean bhoomi ko lekar hota tha, at: jinase ye vastuean chhin li jati thian, aur jo ashakt ho jate the, ve ne samaj mean 'chaturth varn' kahalane lagate the. jin parivaroan ke pas itane adhik maveshi ho ge aur itani adhik zamin ho gee ki ve svayan sambhal nahian pate the, to unhean 'mazadooroan' ki avashyakata huee aur vaidikakal ke ant mean ye shoodr kahalane lage.
- yah mantavy hai ki shoodr varn ka nirman kal ary-poorv logoan se hua tha, utana hi ekaangi aur atiranjit maloom p data hai, jitana yah samajhana ki us varn mean mukhyat: ary hi the.[27] vastavikata yah hai ki arthik tatha samajik vishamataoan ke karan ary aur aryetar, donoan ke andar shramik samuday ka uday hua aur ye shramik age jakar shoodr kahalae.
- sadharanataya many samajashastriy siddhant hai ki 'varg vibhajan' barabar sajatiy asamanataoan se moolataya sambaddh hota hai, [28] kintu is siddhant se shoodroan aur dasoan ki utpatti par aanshik prakash hi p data hai.
- bahut sambhav hai ki dasoan aur shoodroan ka nam kramash: inhian namoan ki 'janajatiyoan' ke adhar par rakha gaya ho, jo bharatiy aryoan ke nikat sampark mean rahi hoan. lekin kalakram se ary - poorv abadi ke log aur vipann ary bhi in vargoan mean shamil ho ge hoange. yah bahut spasht hai ki vaidik kal ke arambhik logoan mean shoodroan aur dasoan ki janasankhya bahut simit thi aur uttaravarti vaidik kal ke ant se lekar age tak shoodr jin ashaktataoan ke shikar rahe haian, ve adi vaidik kal mean vidyaman nahian thian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33
- ↑ atharvaved 19, 32, 8
- ↑ ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164
- ↑ gautam dharmasootr 12, 5
- ↑ shok
- ↑ vedant sootr, 1.3.34, ‘shugasy tadanadar shravanath tadadravanath: soochyate’.
- ↑ chhaandogy upanishadh, IV. 2.3 mean raja ke roop mean varnit.
- ↑ shankars kameantri too vedant sootr, 1.3.34.
- ↑ shankars kameantri too vedant sootr, 1.3.34., shoodr avayavarth-sambhavath roodharthasy chasambhavath.
- ↑ (indiyan entikveri banbee, 1, i. 137-8).
- ↑ shucher dashch, II. 19.
- ↑ indiyan eantikveri banbee, 1i. 137-8).
- ↑ vayu puran, I. VIII. 158. ‘shochantanshch paricharyasu ye rata: nistejaso alpaviryashch shoodraanstanavravintu s:’. bhavishy puran, I. 44.23 evan age mean kaha gaya hai ki shoodroan ko isalie shoodr kaha jata hai ki unhean vaidik jnan ka mahaj uchchhisht prapt hota tha : ‘ye te shrutedrurti prapta: shoodrasteneh kirtita:’.
- ↑ ludachara khuddacharati
- ↑ sanskrit - shoodr
- ↑ digh nikay, III, 95. ‘suddha tvev akkharan upanibbatamh’.
- ↑ dekhean shoodr shabd, ‘mahavyutpatti’.
- ↑ indiyan eantikveri, banbee, 1i. 138-9).
- ↑ mota hona
- ↑ dau dana
- ↑ sooryakant : kikat, phaliga aur pani, (es.ke. belvalkar kamemoreshan valyoom, prishth 44).
- ↑ indiyan kalchar, kalakatta, XII, 179, en.en. ghosh ne galat kaha hai ki ary aur das ke bich aisa pratibandh rrigved dvara pramanit hai.
- ↑ atharvaved, V. 17.8-9.
- ↑ datt : orizan end groth aauf kast sistam, prishth 20 aur 62.
- ↑ ajakal kee yooropiy samajashastri, jaise luee doogo, apavitrata hi ke karan varn ya jatipratha ka uday manate haian, par kis arthik aur samajik paristhiti mean apavitrata ki bhavana badhi, is par vichar karane ka kasht nahian karate.
- ↑ ji.je.held : ‘ethanal aauji aauf mahabharat’, prishth 89-95; bi.en. datt; ‘stadiz in indiyan soshal paliti’, prishth 28-30; ambedakar : ‘hoo veyar d shoodraz’, prishth 239.
- ↑ vaidik iandeks, II. 265.
- ↑ laiantamain : ‘d orijins aauf soshal inikvelitiz aauf di soshal klasej’, prishth 38.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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