वेद और शूद्र
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ved aur shoodr
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| vivaran | shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai. |
| utpatti | shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha. |
| pauranik sandarbh | vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.[1] |
| vaidik paranpara | atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha.[2] paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya. |
| aitihasik sandarbh | shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian. |
| arthik sthiti | uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian[3] is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha. |
| madhy kal | kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya. |
| adhunik kal | vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara |
| any janakari | pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.[4] |
- 1847 ee. mean rauth ne sanket kiya tha ki shoodr aryoan ke samaj se bahar ke rahe hoange.[5] us samay se samanyataya yah vicharadhara chali a rahi hai ki brahmanakalin samaj ka 'chautha varn' mukhyataya aryetar logoan ka tha, jinaki vaisi sthiti ary vijetaoan ne bana rakhi thi.[6]
- yoorop ke 'gauraang' aur eshiya tatha afrika ke 'gauraangetar' logoan ke bich hue sangharsh se samy ke adhar par is vicharadhara ki pushti ki jati rahi hai.
vedoan mean shoodr
- yadi das aur dasyu donoan aryettar bhasha bolane vale bharat ke mool nivasi hoan[7], to uparyukt vicharadhara ke paksh mean rrigved se praman prastut karana sambhav hai.
- is granth ke anek sooktoan mean, jinhean atharvaved mean bhi duharaya gaya hai, aryoan ke devata indr ko dasoan ke vijeta ke roop mean chitrit kiya gaya hai.
- aisa pratit hota hai ki ye das manushy hi rahe hoange. vedoan mean kaha gaya hai ki, indr ne adham das varn ko guphaoan mean rahane ko badhy kar diya tha.[8]
- vishv-niyanta ki haisiyat se dasoan ko paradhin banane ka bhar unake oopar hai[9], aur unase yah anurodh bhi kiya jata hai ki ve in dasoan ka vinash karane ke lie taiyar rahean.[10]
- rrigvaidik stutiyoan mean bar-bar indr se anurodh kiya gaya hai ki ve 'das janajati'[11] ka vidhvans karean.[12]
- indr ke bare mean yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki usane dasyuoan ko sabhi achchhe gunoan se vanchit rakha hai aur dasoan ko apane vash mean kiya hai.[13]
dasyu aur das
- vedoan mean dasoan ki apeksha dasyuoan ke vinash aur unhean paradhin banane ki charcha adhik hai. kaha gaya hai ki dasyuoan ko marakar indr ne ary varn ki raksha ki hai.[14]
- stutiyoan mean usase anurodh kiya gaya hai ki vah dasyuoan se yuddh kare, taki aryoan ki shakti badh sake.[15]
- mahatv ki bat hai ki dasyuoan ki hatya ki charcha kam se kam barah jagahoan par huee hai, jinamean se adhikaansh hatyaean indr ke dvara hi bataee gee haian.[16]
- isake viparit yadyapi dasoan ki hatya ke alag-alag prasang bhi ae haian, kintu ‘dasahatya’ shabd kahian par bhi nahian milata hai.
- isase pata chalata hai ki 'das' aur 'dasyu' paryayavachi nahian the aur ary dasyuoan ka vinash nirmamatapoorvak karate the, par dasoan ke prati unaki niti naram thi.
aryoan se sangharsh
- aryoan aur unake shatruoan ke bich jo sangharsh hue, unamean mukhyat: shatruoan ke qiloan aur divaroan se ghiri bastiyoan ko dhvast kiya gaya. dasoan aur dasyuoan, donoan hi ke qabze mean anek qilaband bastiyaan thi[17] jinaka sambandh bhi samanyataya aryoan ke shatruoan ke sath jo da jata hai.[18]
- maloom hota hai ki ghummak d aryoan ki aankhean dushmanoan ki bastiyoan mean sanchit sampatti par lagi huee thi aur unhean h dapane ke lie donoan mean nirantar hi sangharsh hota rahata tha.[19]
- upasak ki kamana rahati thi ki sabhi aise logoan ko mar diya jae jo yajn, havan adi nahian karate haian aur unhean mar dene ke bad unaki sari sampatti logoan mean baant di jae.[20]
- dasyuoan ko sampattishali[21] hone par bhi yajn n karane vala[22] kaha gaya hai.[23] do aise das pramukhoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai jo dhanalolup mane ge haian.[24] kamana ki gee hai ki indr[25] dasoan ki shakti ko kshin karean aur unaki ekatrit sampatti logoan mean baant dean.
- dasyuoan ke pas svarn aur hira - javaharat bhi the, jinake chalate pray: aryoan ka man aur bhi lalach gaya.[26] kintu ary jaisi pashupalak jati ko mukhyataya apane dushmanoan ke pashudhan ka adhik lobh tha. tark diya jata hai ki ‘kikat’[27] gay ko rakhane ke adhikari nahian haian, kyoanki ve yajn mean gavy[28] ka upayog nahian karate.[29]
- doosari or yah bhi sambhav hai ki aryoan ke shatru unake gho doan aur rathoan ko adhik mahatv dete the.
- rrigved mean ek katha aee hai ki asuroan ne rajarshi dadhichi ke nagar par qabza kar liya tha, kintu jab asur laut rahe the to indr ne unhean gherakar parajit kiya aur unase maveshi, gho de tatha rath chhinakar rajarshi ko vapas kar die.[30]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33
- ↑ atharvaved 19, 32, 8
- ↑ ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164
- ↑ gautam dharmasootr 12, 5
- ↑ ar. rauth: shabrahm eand dai brahmanen saitashipht der doyoochen mergenaleandishen gezelashapht barlin, 1 prishth 84
- ↑ vaidik iandeks, 2, prishth 265,388; ar. si. datt: e histri aauf sivilijeshan in enashieant indiya, 1, prishth 2; sonart: kast in indiya, prishth 83; en. ke. datt: orojin end groth aauf kast in indiya, prishth 151-52; dhurve: kast end klas, prishth 152-2, di. ar. bhandarakar: sam akpekts aauf enashieant indiyan kalchar, prishth 10
- ↑ je. myoor: ‘orijinal sanskrit tekts’, 2, prishth 387. myoor ka vichar hai ki yah batane ke lie koee praman nahian hai ki ve aryoan se bhinn the.
- ↑ rrigved, II, 12. 4. ‘yenema vishva chyavana kritani, yo dasan varnamadharan guhak:’ atharvaved, XX, 34. 4.
- ↑ rrigved, V. 34.6-‘yashavashan nayati dasamary:’
- ↑ rrigved, II. 13.8.-‘dasaveshay chav:’ sayan ne isaki tika dasoan ke vinash ke roop mean ki hai, kintu vaidik iandeks, I, 358, ise das ka nam manata hai.
- ↑ vishu
- ↑ rrigved, II. 11.4; VI. 25.2; aur X. 148.2
- ↑ rrigved, IV. 28.4
- ↑ rrigved, III. 34.9- hatvi dasyoon praryan varnamavat; atharvaved, XX. 11.9 (pippalad sanskaran mean nahian)
- ↑ rrigved, I, atharvaved XX. 20.4
- ↑ rrigved, I. 51.5-6, 103.4; X.95.7, 99.7 mean 'dasyata' shabd aya hai, dasyudhun shabd rrigved, VI. 16.10 mean, dasyuhan shabd rrigved, X. 47.4 mean dasyuhantamh shabd rrigved, IV. 16.15, VIII. 39.8 mean aya hai aur vajasaneyi sanhita, XI. 34 mean usaki punaravritti ki gee hai. aryoan aur dasyuoan mean shatruta ke kee prasang ae haian, yatha, rrigved, V. 7.10, VII. 5.6 adi. rrigved, 1.100. 12, VI. 45.24; VIII. 76.11, 77.3 mean iandr ko 'dasyuha' kaha gaya hai. iandr dvara dasyuoan ki hatya ke aise hi kee prasang atharvaved III. 10-12; VIII. 8.5, 7; IX. 2.17 aur 18; X. 3. 11; XIX. 46.2, XX. 11.6; 21.4, 29.4, 34.10, 37.4, 42.2, 64.3, 78.3 mean ae haian aur agni dvara dasyuoan ki hatya ke prasang atharvaved mean I. 7. 1. XI. 1.2 mean ae haian. atharvaved, VI. 32.3 mean 'manyu' ko 'dasyuha' kaha gaya hai.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 103.3; II. 19.6; IV. 30.20; VI. 20.10, 31.4.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 33.13, 53.8; VIII. 17.4.
- ↑ rrigved, IV. 30.13; V. 40.6; X. 69.6.
- ↑ rrigved, 176.4, 'asmabhyamasy vedanan daddhi soorishchido hate'.
- ↑ dhanin:
- ↑ akratu
- ↑ rrigved, I. 33.4.
- ↑ rrigved,VI. 47.21.
- ↑ rrigved, VIII. 40.6, 'vayan tadasy sambhritan vasu idren vibhajemahi'.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 33.7-8.
- ↑ hariyana mean rahane vali ek jati
- ↑ dugdhotpadit vastuoan
- ↑ rrigved, III. 53.14. 'kian te krinvanti ki kateshu gavo nashiran durhe n tapanti dharmamh'
- ↑ rrigved, II. 15.4.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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