आर्य और दस्यु
ary aur dasyu
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| vivaran | shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai. |
| utpatti | shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha. |
| pauranik sandarbh | vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.[1] |
| vaidik paranpara | atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha.[2] paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya. |
| aitihasik sandarbh | shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian. |
| arthik sthiti | uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian[3] is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha. |
| madhy kal | kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya. |
| adhunik kal | vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara |
| any janakari | pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.[4] |
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- dasyuoan ke rahan-sahan ke dhang se bhi ary unake bairi ban ge. aisa lagata hai ki aryoan ka pashupalan adharit janajatiy aur asthayi jivanakram deshiy sanskriti ke sthayi evan shahari jivan se bemel tha.[5]
- aryoan ka jivan pradhanataya janajatiy jivan tha, jo gan, sabha, samiti aur vidath jaisi vibhinn samudayik sansthaoan ke madhyam se roopayit hua hai aur jisamean yajn ka bahut mahattvapoorn sthan tha. kintu dasyuoan ko yajn se koee sarokar nahian tha. dasoan ke sath bhi yahi bat thi, kyoanki indr ke bare mean bataya gaya hai ki vah das aur ary ka vibhed karate hue yajnasthal mean ata tha.[6]
- rrigved ke satavean mandal ka ek sampoorn sookt akratun, ashraddhanh, ayajnanh aur ayajvan: jaise visheshanoan ki shrriankhala matr hai. inaka prayog dasyuoan ke lie purazor taur par yah siddh karane ke lie kiya gaya hai ki unako yajn pasand nahian tha.[7]
- indr se kaha gaya hai ki ve yajnaparayan ary aur yajnavimukh dasyuoan ke bich antar karean.[8] ‘aniandr’[9] shabd ka prayog bhi kee sthaloan par kiya gaya hai, [10] aur anumanat: isase dasyuoan, dasoan aur sambhavat: kuchh bhinn matavalambi aryoan ka bodh hota hai.
- aryoan ke kathananusar dasyu tilasmi jadoo karate the.[11] aisa mat atharvaved mean vishesh roop se vyakt kiya gaya hai. yahaan dasyuoan ko bhoot - pishach ke roop mean prastut kiya gaya hai aur unhean yajn - sthal se bhagane ki cheshta ki gee hai.[12]
- kaha jata hai ki ‘aangiras’ muni ke pas ek param shaktishali raksha kavach[13] tha, jisase vah dasyuoan ke qile ko dhvast kar sakate the.[14] rrigvaidik kal mean unhoanne jo l daiyaan l di thian, unake karan hi atharvaved mean dasyuoan ko dushtatma ke roop mean chitrit kiya gaya hai.
- atharvaved mean kaha gaya hai ki eeshvar ke nindak dasyuoan ko bali vedi par chadha diya jana chahie.[15] aisa vishvas tha ki dasyu vishvasaghati hote haian, ve aryoan ki tarah dharm-karm nahian karate aur unamean manavata nahian hoti.[16]
aryoan aur dasyuoan ke rahan-sahan mean antar
- aryoan aur dasyuoan ke rahan-sahan mean jo antar hai, usase aryoan ke vrat, jisaka arth samanyat: jivan ka sunishchit dhang hota hai, ke prati dasyuoan ki kya drishti thi, isaka pata chalata hai.[17]
- yadi vrat aur 'vrat', jisaka arth janajatiy dal ya samooh hota hai, ke bich sambandh sthapit karana sambhav ho to yah kaha ja sakata hai ki vrat shabd ka arth janajatiy qanoon ya pratha hai. dasyuoan ko sadharanat: avrat[18] aur anyavrat[19] kaha gaya hai.
- ‘apavrat’ shabd ka prayog do sthaloan par hua hai, jo pray: dasyuoan aur bhinn mat rakhane vale aryoan ke lie hai.[20] dhyan dene ki bat hai ki dasoan ke lie is prakar ke visheshanoan ka prayog nahian hua hai, jisase maloom hota hai ki ve dasyuoan ki apeksha aryoan ke taur-tariqe adhik pasand karate the.
rang bhed
- aisa lagata hai ki aryoan aur unake shatruoan mean rang ka antar tha. ary, jo manav[21] kahe jate the aur agni vaishvanar ki pooja karate the, kabhi-kabhi kale rang vale manushyoan[22] ki bastiyoan mean ag laga dete the aur ve log sangharsh kie bina hi apana sarvasv chho dakar bhag kh de hote the.[23]
- ary devata som ko kale varn ke logoan ka hiansak kaha gaya hai, jo dasyu hote the.[24]
- indr ko bhi kale rang ke rakshasoan[25] se sangharsh karana p da tha, [26] aur ek sthal par unhean pachas hazar kale varn valoan[27] ki hatya ka shrey diya gaya hai, jinhean kale varn ka rakshas manate haian.[28]
- indr ka asuroan ki kali cham di udhe date hue chitran kiya gaya hai.[29] indr ka ek viratapoorn kary, jisaka kuchh aitihasik adhar ho sakata hai, krishna namak yoddha ke sath unaka yuddh hai.
krishna aur iandr
- kaha jata hai ki jab krishna ne apani das hazar sena ke sath aanshumati ya yamuna par khaima giraya tab indr ne marutoan[30] ko sangathit kiya aur purohit dev brihaspati ki sahayata se adevi: vish: ke sath yuddh kiya.[31]
- adevi: vish: ka arth sayan ne kale rang ka asur bataya hai.[32] krishna ko shyam varn ka aryetar yoddha bataya gaya hai, jo yadav jati ka tha.[33] yah sambhav maloom p data hai, kyoanki paravarti anushruti hai ki indr aur krishna mean b di shatruta thi. aisa prasang aya hai jisamean krishnagarbha ke mare jane ki charcha hai, jisaka arth sanshayapoorvak sayan ne krishna namak asur ki garbhavati patniyaan bataya hai.[34]
- isi prakar se indr dvara krishnayoni: dasi: ke vinash ka bhi ullekh hai.[35] sayan ki urvar kalpana ne unhean nikrisht jati ki asuri sena[36] mana hai, kintu vilsan krishna ko shyam varn ka dyotak manate haian. yadi vilsan ka arth sahi mana jae to yah spasht hai ki das kale rang ke hote the. kintu ho sakata hai ki unhean usi prakar kale rang ka kaha gaya ho, jis prakar dasyuoan aur aryoan ke any shatruoan ko kaha gaya hai.
- uparyukt prasangoan se nissandeh yah spasht hota hai ki agni aur som ke upasak aryoan ko bharat ke kale logoan se yuddh karana p da tha. rrigved mean ek prasang aya hai, jisamean ‘purukuts’ ka putr ‘trasadasyu’ namak vaidik yoddha kale rang ke logoan ke neta ke roop me varnit hai.[37] isase yah spasht hota hai ki usane un logoan par apani dhak jama rakhi thi.
- yadi dasyuoan ke sambandh mean prayukt anas[38] shabd ka arth nasavihin ya chipati nakavala kiya jae aur dasoan ke prasang mean prayukt vrishashipr shabd[39] ka arth ‘vrishabh oshthavala’ ya ubhare othoanvala mana jae to yah maloom p dega ki mukhakritiyoan ki drishti se aryoan ke shatru unase bhinn prakar ke the.
bolachal ki bhinnata
*rrigved mean ‘mridhravak’ shabd ka prayog vibhinn roop mean chh: sthaloan par hua hai, [40] jisase pata chalata hai ki aryoan aur unake shatruoan mean bolachal ki riti bhinn thi. yah do sthaloan par dasyuoan ka visheshan hai.[41] sayan ne isaka arth ‘vidveshapoorn vachan’ vala kiya hai, aur geldanar ne ise ‘jhooth bolane vale’ ka paryay mana hai.[42] isase pata chalata hai ki aryoan aur dasyuoan mean koee bhashajany antar tha aur dasyu apani anuchit vani se aryoan ki bhavana ko chot pahuanchate the. at: aryoan aur unake dushmanoan ke bich yuddh mean yadyapi mukhy prashn pashu, rath aur any prakar ki sampatti ko dakhal karane ka rahata tha, phir bhi jati, dharm aur bolachal ki riti mean antar hone ke karan bhi unake sambandh katu bane rahate the.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33
- ↑ atharvaved 19, 32, 8
- ↑ ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164
- ↑ gautam dharmasootr 12, 5
- ↑ vhilar : ‘d iandas sivilijeshan’, saplimeant valyoom tu keanbrij histri aauf iandiya, I pri. 90-91.
- ↑ rrigved, X. 86.19; atharvaved, XX. 126.19.
- ↑ rrigved, VII. 6.3.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 51.8.
- ↑ indr ko n manane vala
- ↑ rrigved, I. 133.1; V. 2.3; VII. 1.8.16; X. 27.6; X. 48.7.
- ↑ rrigved, IV. 16.9.
- ↑ atharvaved, II. 14.5.
- ↑ tabij
- ↑ atharvaved, X. 6.20.
- ↑ atharvaved, XII. 1.37.
- ↑ rrigved, X. 22.8.
- ↑ pi. vi. kane : ‘d vard vrat in d rrigved’, jarnal aauf d b aaumbe braanch aauf d r aauyal eshiyatik sosayati, nyoo sirij, XXIX. pri. 12.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 51.8-9; I. 101.2; I. 175.3; VI. 14.3; IX. 41.2. kintu ‘avrat’ shabd ka prayog kahian par bhi das ke lie nahian kiya gaya hai.
- ↑ rrigved, VIII. 70.11; X. 22.8.
- ↑ rrigved, V. 42.9; V. 40.6 mean ‘apavrat’ shabd ka arth kala mana gaya hai.
- ↑ manushi praja
- ↑ asiknivish:
- ↑ rrigved, VII. 5.2-3.. geldar ka anuvad; bi. lal : ‘enashiyant indiya’, 9, pri. 88. rana ghuandee III. mean h dappa sanskriti ka ant bhishan agnikaand mean hua.
- ↑ rrigved, IX, 41.1-2. ‘dhnant: krishnaan ap tvachan....sahvamse dasyumavratamh’.
- ↑ tvachamasiknimh
- ↑ rrigved, IX. 73.5.
- ↑ krishna
- ↑ rrigved, IV. 16.13. kintu geldanar ne is sandarbh mean rakshas ka zikr nahian kiya hai.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 130.8.
- ↑ aryavishh
- ↑ rrigved, VIII, 96.13-15. ‘adh drapso aanshumatya upasthe dharayatalvamh, titvishan:; visho adevirbhya charantirh brihaspatina yujendr: sasahe’.
- ↑ krishnaroopa: asurasena:.
- ↑ kosanbi : ‘jarnal aauf d bambe braanch aauf d r aauyal eshiyatik sosayati’, bambee, nyoo sirij, XXVII, 43.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 101.1. ‘y: krishnagarbhanirahannrijishvana’.
- ↑ rrigved, 20.7. ‘savritrahendr: krishnayoni: purandar odasirairyadvi’....sayan ki tika.. kintu geldanar ka sujhav hai ki dasoan mean pur: aantarnihit hai aur kavi garbhadhan ki bat sochata hai.
- ↑ nikrisht jati:.....asuri: sena:
- ↑ rrigved, VIII. 19.36-37.
- ↑ rrigved, V. 29.10. sayan anas ki vyakhya vanivihin (asyarahit) ke arth mean karate haian.
- ↑ rrigved, VII 99.4.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 174.2; V. 29.10, 32.8; VII. 6.3, 18.13. char sthanoan par nahian, jaisa ki ‘hoo veyar d shoodraz’, prishth 71 mean hai.
- ↑ rrigved, V. 29.10; VII. 6.3.
- ↑ rrigved, I. 174.2.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh