दास और दस्यु
das aur dasyu
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| vivaran | shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai. |
| utpatti | shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha. |
| pauranik sandarbh | vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.[1] |
| vaidik paranpara | atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha.[2] paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya. |
| aitihasik sandarbh | shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian. |
| arthik sthiti | uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian[3] is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha. |
| madhy kal | kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya. |
| adhunik kal | vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara |
| any janakari | pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.[4] |
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yadi rrigved mean 'das' aur 'dasyu' shabd ke prayog ki apekshik matra se koee nishkarsh nikala ja sake, to jan p data hai ki dasyugan, jinaki charcha chaurasi bar huee hai, spashtat: dasoan se adhik sankhya mean the, jinaka ullekh ikasath bar hua hai.[5] dasyuoan ke sath yuddh mean adhik raktapat hua. apane vistar ki arambhik avastha mean aryoan ko jivikoparjan ke lie pashudhan ki akaanksha rahati thi. isalie svabhavataya unhoanne nagar jivan aur sangathit krishi ka mahatv samajha.[6]
- aisa jan p data hai ki aryoan ke ane ke pahale hi nagar bastiyaan poornat: dhvast ho gee thian. yuddh mean shatruoan se apahrit vastuoan, khasakar maveshiyoan ke karan saradaroan aur purohitoan ki shakti badhi hogi aur ve ‘vishh’ se oopar uthe hoange. bad mean kramash: unhoanne samajha hoga ki purani sanskriti ke kisanoan se shramikoan ka kary liya ja sakata hai aur unase krishi kary karaya ja sakata hai. sath hi apani janajati ke logoan se bhi shramikoan ka kam lena unhoanne dhire-dhire arambh kiya hoga.
- aryoan aur unake shatruoan ke bich to sangharsh chal hi raha tha, ary janajatiy samaj mean bhi antarik dvandv vidyaman tha. ek yuddhagit mean ‘manyu’,-moortiman krodh se yachana ki gee hai ki ve ary aur das donoan tarah ke shatruoan ko parajit karane mean sahayak hoan.[7]
- indr se anurodh kiya gaya hai ki ve eeshvar se astha nahian rakhane valoan dasoan aur aryoan se yuddh karean; ye indr ke anuyayiyoan ke shatru ke roop mean varnit hai.[8] rrigved mean ek sthal par kaha gaya hai ki indr aur varun ne sudas ke virodhi dasoan aur aryoan ka sanhar kar usaki raksha ki.[9]
- sajjan aur dharmaparayan logoan ki or se do mukhy rrigvaidik devataoan, agni aur indr se prarthana ki gee hai ki ve aryoan aur dasoan ke dushtatapoorn karyoan aur atyacharoan ka shaman karean.[10] kyoanki ary svayan manavajati ke dushman the, at: ashchary nahian ki indr ne dasoan ke sath-sath aryoan ka bhi vinash kiya hoga.[11]
- vilsan ne rrigved ke ek parichchhed ka jaisa anuvad kiya hai, use yadi svikar kiya jae to usamean indr ki bharapoor prashansa ki gee hai, kyoanki unhoanne sapt siandhu[12] ke tat par rakshasoan aur aryoan se logoan ki raksha ki. unase yah bhi anurodh kiya gaya hai ki ve dasoan ko astr-shastr vihin kar dean.[13]
- rrigved mean ary shabd ka prayog chhattis bar hua hai, jinamean se nau sthaloan par bataya gaya hai ki svayan aryoan mean bhi apasi matabhed the.[14]
- shatru aryoan ki dasyuoan ke sath ek sthal par charcha hai aur paanch sthaloan par dasoan ke sath, jisase yah pata chalata hai ki aryoan ke ek samooh se dasyuoan ki apeksha dasoan ka sambandh achchha tha. aryoan ke apane apasi sangharsh mean das svabhavat: aryoan ke mitr aur sahayogi the. isilie aryoan ke samaj ka janajatiy adhar dhire-dhire kshin hone laga aur aryoan tatha dasoan ke vilayan ki kriya ko bal mila.
- rrigved ke arambhik bhag mean aise paanch prasang ae haian, jinase pata chalata hai ki antarik sangharshoan ki parampara bahut hi purani thi.
- dasharajn yuddh
- aryoan mean bahut pahale jo antarik sangharsh hue the, unaka sabase mahattvapoorn praman ‘dasharajn’ yuddh hai, jo rrigved mean ekamatr mahattvapoorn aitihasik ghatana hai. geldanar ke anusar rrigved, mandal sat ka taiantisavaan sookt, jisamean is yuddh ki charcha ki gee hai, prarambhik kal se sambandhit hai.[15]
- das rajaoan ka yuddh mukhyat: rrigved kalin aryoan ki do mukhy shakhaoan ‘puruoan’ aur ‘bharatoan’ ke bich hua tha, jisamean aryetar log bhi sahayak ke roop mean sammilit hue hoange.[16]
- rrigved ka suvikhyat nayak sudas bharatoan ka neta tha aur purohit vasishth usake sahayak the. inake shatru the, paanch prasiddh janajatiyaan yatha, ‘anu’, ‘druhyu’, ‘yadu’, ‘turvashash’ aur ‘puru’ tatha paanch gaun janajatiyaan yatha, ‘alin’, ‘pakth’, ‘bhalanash’, ‘shiv’ aur ‘vishanin’ ke das raja. virodhi gut ke sootradhar rrishi vishvamitr the aur usaka netritv puruoan ne kiya tha. das kale rang ke hote the.[17]
- aisa pratit hota hai ki is yuddh mean aryoan ki laghutar janajatiyoan ne apana alag astitv banae rakhane ka smaraniy prayas kiya. par sudas ke netritv mean bharatoan ne purushni nadi[18] ke kinare par unhean poori tarah se hara diya. in parajit aryoan ke sath kaisa vyavahar kiya gaya, isaka koee sanket nahian milata, kintu anuman hai ki unake prati bhi vaisa hi vyavahar kiya gaya hoga, jaisa aryettar logoan ke sath kiya gaya tha.
- yah asambhav nahian ki is tarah ke aur bhi kee aantarjatiy sangharsh hue hoan, jinaka koee vrittaant hamean upalabdh nahian. aise sangharshoan ke sanket un prasangoan mean milate haian, jinamean aryoan ko devataoan dvara pratishthit vratoan ka bhanjak mana gaya hai. pi. vi. kane ne rrigved se paanch aansh uddhrit kie haian, jinaka aisa arth lagaya ja sakata hai.[19]
- adiyugin rrishi atharvan ne varun ke sath hue sanbhashan mean yah dava kiya hai ki maian jo niyam banaooanga usaka ullanghan koee bhi das, jo ary se bhinn ho, nahian kar sakata chahe vah kitana bhi b da kyoan n ho.[20]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33
- ↑ atharvaved 19, 32, 8
- ↑ ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164
- ↑ gautam dharmasootr 12, 5
- ↑ yah ginati vishvabandhu shastri ke vaidik kosh par adharit hai.
- ↑ vhilar : ‘d iandas sivilijeshan’, saplimeant valyoom tu keanbrij histri aauf iandiya, I, prishth 8. vhilar ki ray hai ki asabhy khanabadoshoan (arthath aryoan) ki chadhaee ke karan sangathit krishi bikhar gee, par abhi tak aise praman nahian mile haian, jinake adhar par kaha jae ki saiandhav shahari sabhyata ke logoan aur aryoan ke bich jamakar l daee huee.
- ↑ rrigved, X 83.1. ‘sahyam dasamaryan tvayayuja sahaskriten sahasa sahasvata’, jo atharvaved, IV. 32.1 jaisa hi hai.
- ↑ rrigved, X. 38.3; dekhean atharvaved, XX. 36.10.
- ↑ rrigved, VII. 83.1. ‘dasach vritra hatamaryani ch sudasamh indravarunavasavatamh’.
- ↑ rrigved, VI. 60.6.
- ↑ rrigved, VI. 33.3; rrigved X. 102.3.
- ↑ sat nadiyoan
- ↑ rrigved, VIII. 24.27. ‘y rrikshadanhaso muchadyovaryath saptasindhushu; vadhardasasy tuvinrimn ninamh;’ geldanar is parichchhed ka arth lagate haian ki iandr ne dasoan ke astroan ko aryoan se vimukh kar diya hai.
- ↑ rrigved, VI. 33.3; 60.6; VII. 83.1; VIII. 24.27 (vivadaspad kandika); X. 38.3, 69.6, 83.1, 86.19, 102.3. inamean se char nirdeshoan ko aanbedakar ne sahi roop mean uddhrit kiya hai. aanbedakar : hoo veyar di shoodraz prishth 83-4.
- ↑ vaidik iandeks, I. , rrigved, II, 12. 4. ‘yenema vishva chyavana kritani, yo dasan varnamadharan guhak:’
- ↑ rrigved, VII. 33.2-5, 83.8. vastavik yuddh-stuti rrigved, VII. 18 mean hai.
- ↑ ar. si. majoomadar aur e. di. pusalakar : vaidik ej, prishth 245.. any aryoan ke prati bairabhav ke karan puruoan ko rrigved, XII. 18.13 mean mridhravach: kaha gaya hai.
- ↑ ravi nadi
- ↑ pi. vi. kane : ‘d vard vrat in d rrigved’, jarnal aauf d b aaumbe braanch aauf d r aauyal eshiyatik sosayati, nyoo sirij, XXIX. 11.)
- ↑ atharvaved, V. 11.3; paippalad, VIII. 1.3. ‘name dasonaryoan mahitva vratan mimay yadahamh dharishye’.