तत्त्व मीमांसा -जैन दर्शन

jain darshan mean tattv ka arth hai prayojan bhoot vastu. jo apane matalab ki vastu hai aur jisase apana hit athava svaroop pahachana jata hai vah tattv hai. 'tasy bhav: tattvamh' arthath vastu ke bhav (svaroop) ka nam tattv hai. rrishiyoan ya shastroan ka jitana upadesh hai usaka kendr jiv (atma) raha hai. upanishadoan mean atma ke darshan, shravan, manan aur dhyan par adhik bal diya gaya hai aur inake madhyam se atma ke sakshatkar ki bat kahi gayi hai. jain darshan to poori tarah adhyatmik hai. at: isamean atma ko tin shreniyoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai.

1. bahiratma
2. antaratma aur
3. paramatma

• moodh atma ko bahiratma, jagrit atma ko antaratma aur ashesh gunoan se sampann atma ko paramatma kaha gaya hai. ye ek hi atma ke unnayan ki vikasit tin shreniyaan haian. jaise ek arambhik abodh balak shikshak, pustak, pathashala adi ki sahayata se sarvochch shiksha pakar subodh ban jata hai vaise hi ek moodhatma satsangati, sadachar-anupalan, jnanabhyas adi ko prapt kar antaratma (mahatma) ban jata hai aur vahi jnan, dhyan tap adi ke nirantar abhyas se karm-kalank se mukt hokar paramatma (arahant v siddh roop eeshvar) ho jata hai. is disha mean jain chintakoan ka chintan, atm vidya ki or lagav apoorv hai.
• achary griddhapichchh ne tattvarthasootr mean, jo 'arhath pravachan' ke nam se prasiddh hai, likha hai tattvarth ki shraddha samyakh darshan hai. sahi roop mean tabhi dekha parakha ja sakata hai jab tattvarth ki shraddha ho. ye tattvarth (tattv) sat haian-

1. jiv
2. ajiv
3. astrav
4. bandh
5. sanvar
6. nirjara aur
7. moksh

jiv tattv

jiv tattv sarvopari pratishthit aur shashvat tattv hai. yah chetana lakshan vala hai, jnata-drashtahai aur anantagunoan se sampann hai. chetana vah prakash hai jisamean chetan-achetan sabhi padarthoan ko prakashit karane ki shakti hai. vah do prakar ki hai-

1. jnanachetana (jnanopayog) aur
2. darshanachetana (darshanopayog) vishesh-grahan ka nam jnan-chetana hai aur padarth ke samany-grahan ka nam darshanachetana hai.

• jnan chetana ke ath bhed haian- 1. mati, 2. shrut, 3. avadhi-ye tin jnan samyakh darshan ke sath hone par samyakh hote haian. aur mithyadarshan ke sath hone par mithya bhi hote haian. is tarah 1. samyakh matijnan, 2. samyakh shrutavan, 3. samyakh avadhijnan, 4. mithyamatijnan, 5. mithyashrutajnan 6. mithya avadhijnan (vibhangavadhi), 7. man:paryayajnan aur 8 kevalajnan ye ath jnanopayog haian. aantim donoan jnan samyak hi hote haian, ve mithya nahian hote.
• indriy aur man ki sahayata se jo jnan hota hai vah matijnan hai. aur is matijnanapoorvak jo uttarakal mean chintanatmak jnan hota hai vah shrutajnan hai. indriy aur man nirapeksh evan atmasapeksh jo moortik (pudgal) ka simayukt jnan hota hai vah avadhijnan hai. is avadhijnan ke dvara jane ge padarth ke anantavean bhag ko jo jnan janata hai vah man:paryayajnan hai. bhoot, bhavishyat aur vartaman tinoan kaloan se sanbandhit aur tinoan lokoan mean vidyaman samagr padarthoan ko yugapath janane vala jnan kevalajnan kaha gaya hai. yah jnan jise ho jata hai vah vitarag sarvajn paramatma kaha jata hai. in jnanoan ke avantar bhed bhi jainadarshan mean pratipadit haian, jo jnatavy haian.
• darshan chetana ke char bhed haian- 1.chakshurdarshan, 2. achakshurdarshan, 3. avadhidarshan aur 4. kevaladarshan. netroan se hone vala padarth ka samany darshan chakshurdarshan hai aur shesh indriyoan evan man se hone vala samany darshan achakshurdarshan hai. avadhijnan se poorv jo darshan hota hai vah avadhidarshan hai. keval jnan ke sath hi jo samast vastuoan ka yugapath darshan hota hai vah kevaladarshan hai. yah jivatattv adhyatmik drishti se tin prakar ka hai arthath inake utthan ki tin shreniyaan haian. ve hai- 1. bahiratma, 2. antaratma, aur 3. paramatma.
• gita mean sambhavat: aise hi antaratma ko 'sthitaprajn' kaha gaya hai. yah antaratma bhi tin prakar hai2)- 1. jaghany, 2. madhyam aur 3. uttam. mithyatv ka tyag kar jisane samyakty (svayarabhed shraddha) ko prapt kar liya hai, par tyag ke marg mean abhi pravritt nahian ho saka vah jaghany antaratma hai. ise jain paribhasha mean 'avirat-samyagdrishti' kaha jata hai.
• achary samantabhadr ne likha hai ki tapasvi (sadhu) vahi hai jnan, dhyan aur tap mean lavalin rahata hai- 'jnan-dhyan-tapo raktastapasvi s prashasyate.' yahi uttam antaratma tap aur dhyan dvara navin puratan karmoan ko nirjirn karake jab karmakalank se mukt ho jata hai to vah paramatma kaha jata hai. phir use sansar paribhraman nahian karana p data. anant kal tak vah apane anant gunoan mean lin hokar shashvat sukh (ni:shreyas) ka anubhav karata hai. jain darshan mean mukt jivoan ki avasthiti lok ke agrabhag (siddhashila) mean mani gayi hai.
• gunasthan- ullekhaniy hai ki is jiv tattv ke adhyatmik vikas ya unnayan ki chaudah shreniyaan jain agamoan mean niroopit haian. jinhean 'gunasthan' (atmagunoan ko vikasit karane ke darje) sanjna di gayi hai. ve haian-

1. mithyatv
2. sasadan
3. mishr
4. avirat
5. deshavirat
6. sarvavirat
7. apramattasanyat
8. apoorvakaran
9. anivrittikaran
10. sookshmasamparay
11. upashant moh
12. kshin moh
13. sayog kevali aur
14. ayog kevali

in chaudah gunasthanoan mean barahavean gunasthan tak jiv sansari kahalata hai. kintu nishchay hi vah terahavean gunasthan ko prapt karega aur vahaan tatha chaudahavean gunasthan mean vah 'paramatma' sanjna ko prapt kar leta hai tatha kuchh hi kshanoan mean gunasthanatit hokar 'siddh' ho jata hai.

ajiv tattv

ajiv tattv yoan to jiv ke sivay sabhi dravy (pudgal adi paanchoan) ajiv haian. unamean kisi mean bhi chetana n hone se achetan haian. unaka vivechan dravy-mimaansa mean kiya ja chuka hai. par yahaan us ajiv se matalab hai, jo jiv ko anadi se bandhanabaddh kiye hue hai aur jisase hi vastut: jiv ko chhutakara pana hai. vah hai pudgal, aur pudgaloan mean bhi sabhi pudgal nahian kyoanki ve to chhoote hue hi haian. kintu karmanavargana ke jo karmaroop parinat pudgal skandh hai aur jo jiv ke kashay evan yog ke nimitt se usase bandhe hai. tatha pratisamay bandh rahe haian. un karm roop pudgal skandhoan ki yahaan ajiv tattv se vivaksha hai, jinhean tattvarthasootrakar griddhapichchh ne 'bhettaran karmabhoobhritamh' pad ke dvara 'karmabhoobhrith' kaha hai. inhean hi hey jnat kar atma se door karana hai. jain darshanoan mean in karmoan ko jnanavaran adi ath bhagoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai. atmadarshan, svaroopopalabdhi siddhatv adi atmagun unhian ke karan avaruddh rahate haian.

astrav tattv

jinake dvara atma mean karmaskandhoan ka pravesh hota hai unhean astrav kaha gaya hai. yah do prakar ka hai

1. bhavastrav aur
2. dravyastrav

atma ke jin kalushitabhavoan ya man, vachan aur sharir ki kriya se karm ate haian un bhavoan tatha man, vachan aur sharir ki kriya ko bhavastrav tatha karmagaman ko dravyastrav pratipadit kiya gaya hai. bhavastrav ke anek bhed haian- 1. mithyatv 2. avirati, 3. pramad, 4. kashay aur 5.yog. inamean mithyatv ke 5, avirati ke 5, pramad ke 15, kashay ke 4 aur yog ke 3 kul 32 bhed haian. jnanavaran adi ath karmoan ke yogy jo karmanavargana ke pudgalaskandh ate haian unamean karmaroop shakti hona dravyastrav hai. inake jnanavaran adi ath moolabhed haian aur unake uttarabhed ek sau a datalis haian.

bandh tattv

atma ke jin ashuddh bhavoan se karm atma se bandhean ve ashuddh bhav (rag, dvesh, chhal-kapat, krodh man adi) bhavabandh haian ye ashuddh bhav karm v atma ko paraspar chipakane (baandhane) mean goand ka kary karate haian. karm pudgaloan tatha atma ke pradeshoan ka jo anyony pravesh hai. doodh-pani ki tarah unaka ghul-mil jana hai vah dravy bandh hai. ek doosari tarah se bhi bandh ke bhed kahe ge haian. ve haian-

1. prakriti
2. sthiti
3. anubhag aur
4. pradesh

inamean prakriti aur pradesh yogoan (sharir, vachan aur man ki kriyaoan) se hote haian. sthiti evan anubhav kashay (krodh, man, maya aur lobh) ke nimitt se hote haian.

sanvaratattv

sanvaratattv astrav tattv ke kathan mean jin astravoan ko (karm ke ane ke dvaroan ko) kaha gaya hai unako rok dena sanvar hai. karm ke dvar band ho jate haian tab karm atma mean pravesh nahian kar sakate. jaise- sachhidr jalayan (nav adi) ke chhote-b de sab chhidr band kar dene par jalayan mean jal ka pravesh nahian hota. sanvar naye karmoan ka pravesh rokata hai. isake kee prakar haian. vrat, samiti, gupti, dharm, anupreksha, parishahajay aur charitr- ye usake bhed haian, jo agat karmoan ko atma mean ane nahian dete.

• nirjara tattv— jnat-ajnat mean aye karmoan ko tap adi ke dvara bahar nikalane ka jo prayatn hai vahi nirjara hai. yah savipak aur avipak ke bhed se do prakar ki hai. jo karm apana phal dekar chala jata he vah savipak nirjara haian. yah nirjara pratyek jiv ke prati samay hoti rahati hai, par isase bandhan nahian tootata hai. tap ke dvara jo bandhan to da jata hai vah avipak nirjara hai. jiv ko apane uddhar ke lie yahi nirjara sarthak hoti hai. arthath usi se shivaphal (moksh) prapt hota hai.

moksh tattv

moksh tattv vah tattv evan tathy hai jisake lie mumuksh anek bhavoan se prayatn karate haian. karm do prakar ke haian. ek ve jo atitakal se sanbandh rakhate haian aur anadikal se bandhe chale a rahe haian tatha doosare ve haian jo agami haian. agami karmoan ka abhav bandh hetuoan (astrav) ke abhav (sanvar) se hota hai. atit sanbandhi (poorvopatt) karmoan ka abhav nirjara dvara hota hai. is prakar samast karmoan ka chhoot jana moksh hai. yahi shuddh avastha jiv ki vastavik apani avastha hai, jo sadi hokar anant hai. isi ko prapt karane ke lie atma bahy aur abhyantar tapoan, uttam kshamadi dharmoan evan charoan shukladhyanoan ko karata hai aur nana upasargoan evan parishahoan ko sahanakar un par vijay pata hai. dravyakarm, bhavakarm aur nokarm- in tinoan prakar ke karmoan se rahit ho jane par atma 'siddh' ho jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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