छठपूजा
chhathapooja
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| any nam | chhath parv |
| anuyayi | hindoo |
| prarambh | pauranik kal |
| tithi | kartik shukl paksh shashthi |
| utsav | saandhy sooryapooja ke ek din pahale, shraddhalu shuddhikaran ke lie vishesharoop se ganga mean dubaki lagate haian tatha ganga ka pavitr jal arpan hetu ghar sath late haian. poore din mean upavas rakha jata hai tatha shraddhalu der sham tak pooja ke bad hi upavas to date haian. |
| any janakari | sooryopasana ka yah anupam lokaparv mukhy roop se poorvi bharat ke bihar, jharakhand, uttar pradesh aur nepal ke taraee kshetroan mean manaya jata hai. |
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chhathapooja athava chhath parv kartik shukl paksh ki shashthi ko manaya jane vala ek hindoo parv hai. sooryopasana ka yah anupam lokaparv mukhy roop se poorvi bharat ke bihar, jharakhand, uttar pradesh aur nepal ke taraee kshetroan mean manaya jata hai. uttarakhand ka 'uttarayan parv' ho ya keral ka onam, karnatak ki 'rathasaptami' ho ya bihar ka chhath parv, sabhi isaka ghotak haian ki bharat moolat: soory sanskriti ke upasakoan ka desh hai tatha barah mahinoan ke tij-tyohar soory ke sanvatsar chakr ke anusar manae jate haian. chhath se ju di pauranik manyataoan aur lokagathaoan par gaur kare to pata chalata hai ki bharat ke adikalin sooryavanshi bharat rajaoan ka yah mukhy parv tha. magadh[1]aur anart[2] ke rajanitik itihas ke sath bhi chhath ki aitihasik kadiyaan ju dati haian.
manyataean
- is sanbandh mean manyata hai ki magadh samrat jarasandh ke ek poorvaj ka kushth rog door karane ke lie shakaladvipiy mag brahmanoan ne sooryoanpasana ki thi. tabhi se yahaan chhath par sooryopasana ka prachalan prarambh hua.
- chhath ke sath anart pradesh ke sooryavanshi raja sharyati aur bhargav rrishi chyavan ka bhi aitihasik kathanak ju da hai. kahate haian ki raja sharyati ki putri sukanya ne kartik ki shashthi ko soory ki upasana ki to chyavan rrishi ke aankhoan ki jyoti vapas a gee.
- 'brahmavaivartapuran' mean chhath ko svayambhuv manu ke putr priyavrat ke itihas se jo date hue bataya gaya hai ki shashthi devi ki kripa se priyavrat ka mrit shishu jivit ho gaya. tabhi se prakriti ka chhatha aansh mani jane vali shashthi devi balakoan ke rakshika aur santan dene vali devi ke roop mean pooji jane lagi.
- chhath ke sath skand pooja ki bhi parampara ju di hai. bhagavan shiv ke tej se utpann balak skand ki chhah kritikaoan ne stanapan kara raksha ki thi. isi karan skand ke chhah mukh haian aur unhean kartikey nam se pukara jane laga.
- kartik se sambandh hone ke karan shashthi devi ko skand ki patni 'devasena' nam se bhi pooja jane laga.
- puran v upanishad mean
- shvetashvataropanishad mean paramatma ki maya ko 'prakriti' aur maya ke svami ko 'mayi kaha gaya hai. yah prakriti brahmasvaroopa, mayamayi aur sanatani hai.
- brahmavaivartapuran prakritikhand ke anusar paramatma ne srishti ke lie yog ka avalamban kar apane ko do bhagoan mean baanta. dakshin bhag se purush v vam bhag se prakriti ka janm hua. 'prakrit' shabd ki vyakhya kee prakar se ki gayi.' pr ka arth hai prakrisht v 'kriti' ka arth hai srishti. yani prakrisht srishti. doosari vyakhya ke anusar 'pr' ka satvagun, 'kri' ka rajogun aur 'ti' ka tamogun ke roop mean arth liya gaya hai. inhian tinoan gunoan ki samyavastha hi prakriti hai.
- puran ke anusar srishti ki adhishthatri prakriti devi svayan ko paanch bhagoan mean vibhakt karati haian- durga, radha, lakshmi, sarasvati aur savitri. ye paanch deviyaan poornatam prakriti kahalati haian. inhian prakriti devi ke aansh, kala, kalaansh aur kalaanshash bhed se anek roop haian, jo vishv ki samast striyoan mean dikhayi dete haian.
- markandeyapuran mean likha hai, striy: samasta: sakalla jagatsu'. prakritidevi ke ek pradhan aansh ko 'devasena' kahate haian, jo sabase shreshth 'matrika' mani jati haian. ye samast lokoan ke balakoan ki rakshika devi haian. prakriti ka chhatha aansh hone ke karan in devi ka ek nam 'shashthi' bhi hai. shashthi devi balakoan ki rakshika evan ayuprada haian.
katha
- shashthi devi ke poojan ka vidhan prithvi par kab hua, is sandarbh mean puran mean yah katha sandarbhit hai-
pratham manu svayambhuv ke putr priyavrat ke koee santan n thi. ek bar maharaj ne maharshi kashyap se du:kh vyakt kar putr prapti ka upay poochha. maharshi ne putreshti yajn ka paramarsh diya. yajn ke phalasvaroop maharani ko putr janm hua, kiantu vah shishu mrit tha. poore nagar mean shok vyapt ho gaya. maharaj shishu ke mrit sharir ko apane vaksh se lagaye pralap kar rahe the. tabhi ek ashcharyajanak ghatana ghati. sabhi ne dekha akash se ek viman prithvi par a raha hai. viman mean ek jyortimay divyakriti nari baithi huee thi. raja dvara stuti karane par devi ne kaha- maian brahma ki manas putri shashthi devi hooan. maian vishv ke samast balakoan ki rakshika hooan aur aputroan ko putr pradan karati hooan. devi ne shishu ke mrit sharir ka sparsh kiya. vah balak jivit ho utha. maharaj ke prasannata ki sima n rahi. ve anek prakar se shashthi devi ki stuti karane lage. rajy mean prati mas ke shuklapaksh ki shashthi ko shashthi-mahotsav ke roop mean manaya jae-raja ne aisi ghoshana karaee. tabhi se parivar kalyanarth, balakoan ke janm, namakaran, annaprashan adi shubh avasaroan par shashthi-poojan prachalit hua.
- kartik mas shuklapaksh ki shashthi ka ullekh skand-shashthi ke nam se kiya gaya hai. varshakrityavidhi mean pratihar-shashthi ke nam se kiya prasiddh sooryashashthi ki charcha ki gayi hai. is vrat ki prachinata evan pramanikata bhi parilakshit hoti hai. bhagavan soory ke is pavan vrat mean shakti v brahm donoan ki upasana ka phal ek sa prapt hota hai.
aj chhath bihar aur uttar pradesh se hi ju da aanchalik nahian rah gaya hai balki dilli, mumbee, kolakata aur chennee jaise mahanagaroan mean bhi shraddhabhav se manaya jane vale parv ka roop dharan kar chuka hai.
bihar mean chhth parv
dipavali ke ek saptah pashchath bihar mean chhath ka parv manaya jata hai. ek din v rat tak samoocha bihar v poorvi uttar pradesh ganga ke tat par basa pratit hota hai. is din sooryadev ki upasana v unhean ardhy diya jata hai. bharat ke bihar pradesh ka sarvadhik prachalit evan pavan parv hai - sooryashashthi. yah parv mukhyatah bhagavan soory ka vrat hai. is vrat mean sarvatobhaven soory ki pooja ki jati hai. vaise to soory ke sath saptami tithi ki sangati hai, kintu bihar ke is vrat mean soory ke sath 'shashthi' tithi ka samanvay vishesh mahatv ka hai.
- shashthi devi
is tithi ko soory ke sath hi shashthi devi ki bhi pooja hoti hai. puranoan ke anusar prakriti devi ke ek pradhan aansh ko 'devasena' kahate haian; jo ki sabase shreshth 'matrika' mani gee hai. ye lok ke samast balakoan ki rakshika devi hai. prakriti ka chhatha aansh hone ke karan inaka ek nam "shashthi" bhi hai. shashthi devi ka poojan - prasar brahmavaivart puran ke anusar raja priyavrat ke kal se arambh hua. jab shashthi devi ki pooja 'chhath miya' ke roop mean prachalit huee. vastav mean soory ko ardhy tatha shashthi devi ka poojan ek hi tithi ko p dane ke karan donoan ka samanvay bharatiy janamanas mean is prakar ko gaya ki soory pooja aur chhath pooja mean bhed karana mushkil hai. vastav mean ye do alag - alag tyohar haian. soory ki shashthi ko donoan ki hi pooja hoti hai.
- pramukh tyohar
chhath bihar ka pramukh tyohar hai. chhath ka tyohar bhagavan soory ko dharati par dhan–dhany ki prachurata ke lie dhanyavad dene ke lie manaya jata hai. log apani vishesh ichchhaoan ki poorti ke lie bhi is parv ko manate haian. parv ka ayojan mukhyatah ganga ke tat par hota hai aur kuchh gaanvoan mean jahaan par ganga nahian pahuanch pati hai, vahaan par mahilaean chhote talaboan athava pokharoan ke kinare hi dhoomadham se is parv ko manati haian.
chhath mahotsav aur dharmik karmakand
is tyauhar par n to kisi mandir mean pooja hetu jaya jata hai, aur n hi ghar ki koee vishesh safaee ki jati hai. isase aisa pratit hota hai ki yah parv bahut hi asani se ya bina kisi karmakand ke mana liya jata hai. lekin aisa nahian hai.
vrat vidhan
- chhathapooja mean kartik shukl chaturthi ke din niyam-snanadi se nivritt hokar pavitrapoorvak rasoee banakar bhojan kiya jata hai.
- panchami ko din bhar upavas karake sayankal kisi talab ya nadi mean snan karake bhagavan bhaskar ko ardhy dene ke bad alona bhojan kiya jata hai.
- shashthi ke din prat: kal snanadi ke bad se sankalp karean-
ooan ady amukagotroamukanamahan mam sarv
papanakshayapoorvakasharirarogyarth shri
sooryanarayanadevaprasannarth shri sooryashashthivrat karishye.
- sankalp karane ke bad din bhar nirahar vrat karake sayankal kisi nadi ya talab par jakar snan kar bhagavan bhaskar ko ardhy pradan karean.
ardhy vidhan
ek baans ke soop mean kela aur vibhinn prakar ke phal, alona prasad, eekh adi rakhakar soop ko ek pile vastr se dhak dean aur dhoop-dip jalakar soop mean rakhane ke bad donoan hathoan mean lekar-
ooan ehi soory sahastraanshoan tejorashe jagatpate.
anukampaya maan bhavatya grihanardhy namoastute॥
- in mantr se tin bar astachalagami soory ko ardhy pradan karean. ratri jagaran ke bad prat: kal udiyaman soory ko isi prakar ardhy dekar paran karean.
snan evan upavas
saandhy sooryapooja ke ek din pahale, shraddhalu shuddhikaran ke lie vishesharoop se ganga mean dubaki lagate haian tatha ganga ka pavitr jal arpan hetu ghar sath late haian. poore din mean upavas rakha jata hai tatha shraddhalu der sham tak pooja ke bad hi upavas to date haian.
prasad evan arpan ki vastuean
chaval ka halua, poo di tatha kela, ye hi is din ki vishesh bhojan samagri haian. arpan ke pashchath inhian bhojy padarthoan ko mitroan evan sambandhiyoan mean baanta jata hai. log b di hi shraddha se ise khate haian. [[chitr:Chhath-Puja-2.jpg|thumb|left|chhathapooja, arunachal pradesh]]
shubh din-sanjha vat
doosare din chaubis ghante ka upavas prarambh hota hai. dinabhar prasad banane ki taiyari hoti hai tatha sandhya ko bhaktagan chhath maiya ka git gate hue nadi tat, jalakund ya talab par pahuanch jate haian. vahaan par ast hote hue soory ko uparyukt prasad ka arpan kiya jata hai. ratri ke samay shraddhalu ghar lautate haian, jahaan par ek any mahotsav pratiksharat hota hai. ganne ki tahaniyoan se bane ek chhatr ke niche dipayukt mitti ke hathi v prasad se bhare bartan rakhe jate haian. shraddhalu upavas ke samay jal bhi grahan nahian karate haian. sooryoday se thik pahala, bhaktagan nadi tat ki or punah chhath maiya ke git gate hue prasthan karate haian tatha udayaman soory ki upasana archana karate haian. prarthana ke pashchath pratyek vyakti ko prasad pradan kiya jata hai. is prasad mean vishesh roop se patthar ki sil par pise hue ate ka prayog hota hai. is ate ko der tak tala jata hai tatha isamean mitha dalakar isaki golakar gaththiyaan banayi jati haian, jise "thekua" kahate haian. isake alava is vishesh prasad mean aangoor, poora nariyal, kele v masoor ki dal ke dane bhi hote haian. pooja ke samay ye sabhi vastuean baans ki ardhagolakar tokariyoan mean rakhi jati haian. in tokariyoan ka "soop" kahate haian.
rang-biranga utsav
chhathaparv atyant rang–biranga utsav hai, jisamean shraddhaluoan ko naye vastr dharan karana avashyak hota hai. ghar v nadi ke tat par sangit ke sur bhakti v lokabhasha se mahak uthate haian. patana mean lakhoan log ganga ke tat par miloan lambi kataroan mean baithe rahate haian. parv se utpann yah apasi mel–jol anootha hi pratit hota hai.
niyam evan vrat palan
dipavali ka anand jaise hi shant hota dikhaee p data hai, chhath ki chhata khil uthati hai. praudh vivahit striyaan hi sabhi taiyariyaan karati haian. ek or ayu mean kam striyaan v bachche ghar ke any karyoan ka sambhalate haian, doosari or praudh striyaan un vastuoan ki bhali–bhaanti safaee-dhulaee karati haian, jinaka prayog pooja, prasad mean hota hai. sabhi vastuoan ki chahe vah rasoee ka choolha ho, karachhul ho, pakane mean prayog ane vali pak d ho ya bhoonane ka patr-sabaki poori tarah se safaee ki jati hai. naye pise hue chavaloan ki leee banaee jati hai. sookhi meva v nariyal ke tuk doan ko svad badhane ke lie prayog kiya jata hai. inako ate mean mila kar laddoo banae jate haian. paramparik vyanjan 'thekua' gehooan ke m de hue ate ko vibhinn akaroan mean katakar banaya jata hai. isake lie kashth ke saanchoan ka bhi prayog kiya jata hai. tatpashchatt ise gadhe bhoore rang ka hone tak tala jata hai. talane ke bad yah atyant kurakura ho jata hai tatha b de hi svad se khaya jata hai. pashchim ke deshoan mean lokapriy vyanjan "kuki" ki bhaanti hi isamean ghar ka bana makkhan, bahut sa gu d tatha nariyal dala jata hai.
is prasad ko banane ke lie grihasth praudh mahila kuchh niyamoan ka palan karati hai. jaise- vah paka hua khana nahian khati tatha sile hue vastr nahian pahanatian. rasoee mean jane se pahale pratyek vyakti ka snan karana avashyak hota hai.
saandhy poojan ka mahamela
[[chitr:Chhath-Puja.jpg|thumb|250px|chhathapooja, arunachal pradesh]] samavet svar mean lokapriy bhakti sangit gate hue logoan ke chhote–chhote samooh pratyek ghar se nikalate haian aur nadi tat tak pahuanchate–pahuanchate ye juloos ek vishal janasamooh ka roop le lete haian. juloos mean sammilit purush apane vaksh ko nagn rakhate haian tatha prasad ko baans ki chhoti–chhoti tokariyoan mean lekar chalate haian. in tokariyoan ko jane–anajane jootha hone se bachane ke lie ooanchaee par rakha jata hai. in tokariyoan mean laddoo, thekua tatha mausami phal hote haian. nariyal, kele ke guchchhe, ek-do santare ityadi ko haldi mean range kap de se dhanka jata hai. in padarthoan ke atirikt ek mitti ka dipak bhi in tokariyoan mean rakha jata hai.
jaise hi sooryast hota hai, prarthana-pooja arambh ho jati hai. nadi tat par kisi ka phisalana ya koee bhool karana ek daivik sankat ka pratik mana jata hai. navashit mean pashchim ke ojasvi akash lalat par shraddha–bhakti–prem ka vaangmay drishy prakashit ho uthata hai- sahasroan uthe hast dharan karate haian, baans ki thaliyaan v tokariyaan. madhyam lau mean prakashit dhake hue dipak mantrochcharit vatavaran ko dedipyaman kar dete haian. pal bitata hai, mukhakritiyaan dhoomil ho uthati haian aur aandhera hote hi janasamooh nadi tat se vapas ghar lautana prarambh karata hai.
navodit soory ki archana ka mahotsav
astachal soory ko shraddhajanli pradan karane ke pashchath ab samay hota hai, sooryoday prarthana ki taiyari ka. yah pooja vidhan ka abhinn aang hai. nadi tat ki or yatra usha se hi prarambh ho jati hai. krishnapaksh ke chandrama ke karan bahar akash marg vriksh ki bhaanti kala pratit hota hai. os se bhigi ghas v pravahit hote jal ki dhvani hi nadi tat nikat hone ka sanket deti hai. is samay sabhi poorv ki or mukh karate haian aur nadi mean snan ke lie age badhate haian. isi bich tokariyoan ko ek asthaee mandap ke niche surakshit rakha jata hai. is mandap ko taza upaje ganne ki tahaniyoan se banaya jata hai. isake lie ek vishesh dhaancha banaya jata hai, tatha isake konoan ko hathi v pakshi ke roop mean banae mitti ke dipakoan se sajaya jata hai. nirmalata v shuddhi rakhane v kroor duratmaoan ko door rakhane ke lie chandan ka lep, sindoor, bhige chaval, phal v pushp bhi range hue lal sooti vastr ke bhitar rakhe jate haian. jaise hi soory ki kiranean udit hoti haian, sa di v dhoti pahane stri–purush uthale pani mean kood p date haian. pair jamakar ye log jal ki atishitalata ko bhool jate haian tatha rrigvaidik ke us kalatit mantr, jo vishesh roop se soory ke lie hai - gayatri mantr ka uchcharan karate hue snan kar soory ki shraddha se pooja karana prarambh karate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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