बैरम ख़ाँ

bairam khaan humayooan ka sahayogi tatha usake nabalig putr akabar ka vali athava sanrakshak tha. vah badashah humayooan ka param mitr tatha sahayogi bhi tha. apane samast jivan mean bairam khaan ne mugal samrajy ki bahut seva ki thi. humayooan ko usaka rajy phir se hasil karane tatha kitane hi yuddhoan mean use vijit karane mean bairam khaan ka bahut b da hath tha. akabar ko bhi bharat ka samrat banane ke lie bairam khaan ne asankhy yuddh kie aur hemoo jaise shaktishali raja ko harakar bharat mean mugal samrajy ki sthapana mean mahattvapoorn yogadan diya. mugal samrajy mean akabar ki doodhamata maham anaga hi thi, jo bairam khaan ke viruddh sazish karati rahati thi. ye inhian sazishoan ka natija tha ki bairam ko haj ke lie adesh diya gaya, jahaan 1561 ee. mean usaki hatya kar di gee.

vansh parichay

bairam khaan ka sambandh tooran (madhy eshiya) ki turkaman jati se tha. haidarabad ke nizam bhi turkaman the. itihasakar kasim farishta ke anusar vah eeran ke karakuilu turkamanoan ke baharalu shakha se sambaddh tha. alishakar beg turkaman taimoor ke prasiddh saradaroan mean se ek tha, jise hamadan, dinavar, khujistan adi par shasak niyukt kiya gaya tha. alishakar ki santanoan mean sherali beg hua. taimoori shah husen bayakara ke bad jab tooran mean saltanat barabad huee, to sherali kabul ki taraph bhagy pariksha karane ke lie aya. usaka beta yarali aur pota saiphali afaganistan chale aye. yarali ko babar ne gazani ka hakim niyukt kiya. tho de hi dinoan ke bad usake marane par bete saiphali ko vahian darja mila. vah bhi jaldi hi mar gaya. alp vayask bairam apane gharavaloan ke sath balkh chala gaya.

humayooan se mitrata

balkh mean vah kuchh dinoan tak padhata-likhata raha. phir vah samavayask shahazada humayooan ka naukar aur bad mean usaka mitr ho gaya. bairam khaan ko sahity aur sangit se bhi bahut prem tha. vah jaldi hi apane svami ka atyant priy ho gaya tha. 16 varsh ki ayu mean hi ek l daee mean bairam khaan ne bahut virata dikhaee, usaki khyati babar tak pahuanch gee, tab babar ne khud usase kaha : shahazada ke sath darabar mean hajir karo. babar ke marane ke bad vah humayooan badashah ki chhaya ke taur par rahane laga. humayooan ne chaanpaner (gujarat) ke qile par ghera dala. kisi tarah se dal galati n dekhakar chalis mugal bahadur sidhiyoan ke sath qile mean utar ge, jinamean bairam khaan bhi tha. qila fatah kar liya gaya. sherashah se chausa mean l date vaqt bairam khaan bhi sath hi tha. kannauj mean bhi vah l da. in sabhi ghatanaoan ne humayooan aur bairam khaan ko ek atoot mitrata mean baandh diya tha.

jivan dan

kannauj ki l daee mean parajay ke bad mugal sena mean jisaki siang jidhar samaee, vah udhar bhaga. bairam khaan apane purane dost sambhal ke miyaan abdul vahab ke pas pahuancha. phir lakhanoo ke raja mitrasen ke pas jangaloan mean din guzarata raha. sherashahi hakim nasir khaan ko pata laga. usane bairam khaan ko pak d mangavaya. nasir khaan chahata tha ki bairam khaan ko katl kar dean, par dostoan ki koshish se bairam khaan kisi prakar se bach gaya. ant mean use sherashah ke samane hajir hona p da, jisane ek mamooli mugal saradar ko mahatv n dekar use maph kar diya aur jivan dan de diya.

kandhar ke hakim ka pad

bairam khaan phir se gujarat ke sultan mahamood ke pas gaya, par use apane svami se milane ki dhun thi. jab hijari 950 (1543-1544 ee.) mean humayooan eeran se lautakar kabul lete siandh ki or badha, to bairam khaan apane adamiyoan ke sath humayooan ki or se l dane laga. humayooan ko isaki khabar lagi to usaki khushi ka thikana nahian raha. hindustan mean saphalata milane vali nahian thi, isalie humayooan ne eeran ka rasta kiya. bairam khaan bhi usake sath tha. shahi kaphile mean kul milakar sattar adami se zyada nahian the. eeran se lautakar humayooan ne kandhar ko ghera. usane chaha, bhaee kamaraan ko samajha-bujhakar khoon-kharaba roka jae. use samajhane ke lie humayooan ne bairam khaan ko kabul bheja, lekin vah kahaan hone vala tha. kandhar par adhikar karake bairam khaan ko vahaan ka hakim niyukt kiya gaya. kandhar vijay ke bare mean humayooan ne svayan kaha-

“roj nauroj bairam’st imaroj”.
dile ahabab begam’st imaroj.
(aj navavarsh din bairam hai. aj mitroan ke dil bephikar haian.

khanakhana ki upadhi

jab humayooan hindustan ki or badhate samay sataluj nadi ke kinare machhiva da pahuancha tha, tab pata laga doosari par bejava da mean tis hazar pathan dera dale p de haian. pathan lak di jalakar tap rahe the. rat ko raushani ne lakshy batalane mean sahayata ki. apane ek hazar savaroan ke sath bairam khaan unake oopar toot p da. dushman ki sankhya ka unako pata nahian tha. tiroan ki varsha se pathan ghabara ge. ve apana sara mal vahian par chho dakar bhag ge. isi vijay ke upalakshy mean humayooan ne use ‘khanakhana’ ki upadhi pradan ki. tardibeg bairam khaan ka pratidvandvi tha, lekin hemoo se harakar bhagane ke samay bairam khaan ko mauqa mil gaya aur usane is kaante ko nikal bahar kiya. akabar ke gaddi par baithane ke din abul masani ne kuchh g dab di karani chahi thi, lekin bairam khaan ne jaisi khoobasoorati se is gutthi ko sulajhaya, vah usaka hi kam tha. hemachandr (hemoo) se parajit hokar mugal amir nirash ho chuke the. vah kabul laut jana chahate the, par bairam khaan ne unhean rok diya.

sazish

akabar ki doodhamata maham anaga nity hi bairam khaan ke khilaf sazishean rachati rahati thi. mugal darabar mean maham anaga ka ek samooh tha, jo hamesha hi bairam ko nicha dikhane mean laga rahata tha. hijari 961 (1553-1554 ee.) mean in logoan ne chugali lagaee ki bairam khaan svatantr hona chahata hai, lekin bairam khaan namak-haram nahian tha. humayooan ek din jab svayan kandhar pahuancha tha, tab bairam khaan ne bahut chaha ki badashah use apane sath le chale, lekin kandhar bhi ek bahut mahattvapoorn sthan tha, jisake lie bairam khaan se badhakar achchha shasak nahian mil sakata tha. akabar ke zamane mean bhi bahut dinoan tak kandhar bairam khaan ke shasan mean hi raha, usaka nayab shah muhammad kandhari usaki or se kam karata tha.

akabar ka sanrakshak

1556 ee. mean humayooan ki mrityu ho gee. humayooan ke marane par akabar ki saltanat ka bhar bairam khaan ke oopar hi tha. khanakhana ki yogyata aur prabhav ko dekhakar marane se tho da pahale humayooan ne apani bhaanji salima sultan begam ki shadi bairam khaan se nishchit kar di thi. humayooan ne bairam khaan ko akabar ka sanrakshak niyukt kar diya tha. bairam khaan ne akabar ko humayooan ka uttaradhikari tatha badashah ghoshit kar diya, lekin shighr hi dilli usake hath se nikal gee. bairam khaan ke senapatitv mean hi 1556 ee. mean panipat ki doosari l daee mean akabar ki vijay huee aur dilli ke takht par usaka adhikar ho gaya. isake bad char varsh bad tak bairam khaan akabar ka sanrakshak raha aur is avadhi mean mugal senaoan ne gvaliyar, ajamer aur jaunapur rajyoan ko jitakar mugal samrajy mean shamil kar liya.

akabar ka adesh

bairam khaan ne malava ko jitane ki taiyariyaan bhi shuroo kar di thian. parantu is bich bahut se darabari aur svayan akabar usake viruddh ho chuka tha. akabar 18 varsh ka ho chuka tha aur usake hath ki kathaputali banakar nahian rahana chahata tha. is samay tak akabar poori tarah se hosh sambhal chuka tha. vah khanakhana ke hath ki kathaputali banakar nahian rahana chahata tha. udhar bairam khaan ne bhi apane ap ko sarvesarva bana liya tha. isake karan usake dushmanoan ki sankhya badh gee thi. darabar mean ek-doosare ke khoon ke pyase do dal ban ge the. jinamean se virodhi dal ke sir par akabar ka hath tha. bairam khaan ki talavar aur rajaniti ne ant mean har khaee. vah pak dakar akabar ke samane upasthit kiya gaya. akabar ne kaha, 'khanababa ab apake samane tin hi raste haian, jo bhi apako pasand ho, use ap svikar karo:-

1. yadi ap rajakaj chahate ho, to chanderi aur kalapi ke zile apako mil sakate haian. ap vahaan jaie aur hukoomat kijie.
2. yadi apako darabari rahana pasand hai, to mere pas rahie. apaka darja aur samman pahale jaisa hi rahega.
3. yadi ap haj yatra par jana chahate haian, to usaka prabandh kiya ja sakata hai.

bairam khaan ki hatya

khanakhana (bairam khaan) ne tisari bat manzoor kar li. haj ke lie jahaz pak dane vah samudr ki or jata hua, patan (gujarat) mean pahuancha. janavari, 1561 mean vah vishal sahasalang sarovar mean nav par sair kar raha tha. sham ki namaz ka vaqt a gaya. khanakhana kinare par utara. isi samay mubarak khaan lohani tis-chalis pathanoan ke sath mulakat karane ke bahane vahaan a gaya. bairam khaan hath milane ke lie age badha. lohani ne pith mean khanjar marakar chhati ke par kar diya. khanakhana vahian girakar t dapane laga. lohani ne kaha-machhiva da mean tumane mere bap ko mara tha, usi ka badala aj hamane le liya.

bairam khaan ka beta aur bhivi hindi ka mahanh kavi abdurrahim us samay char sal ka tha. akabar ko maloom hua to usane khanakhana ki begamoan ko dilli bulavaya. bairam khaan ki bibi tatha apani phoophi (gularukh begam) ki l daki salima sultan ke sath svayan vivah karake bairam khaan ke parivar ke sath ghanishthata sthapit ki. salima banoo akabar ki bahut prabhavashali begamoan mean se thi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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