औरंगज़ेब

aurangazeb
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poora nam	abdul muzaffar muinuddin muhammad aurangazeb bahadur alamagir padashah gazi
any nam	aurangazeb alamagir
janm	4 navambar, san 1618 ee.
janm bhoomi	dohad (ujjain)
mrityu tithi	3 march, san 1707 ee.
mrityu sthan	ahamadanagar ke pas
pita/mata	shahajahaan, mumataj mahal
pati/patni	rabiya durrani
santan	putri- jebunnisa, putr- sultan muhammad, shahajada muajzam, azam, shahajada akabar, kamabakhsh
upadhi	abdul muzaffar, muinuddin muhammad, aurangazeb bahadur, alamagir padashah gazi
shasan	31 julaee, san 1658 ee. se 3 march, san 1707 ee. tak
rajyabhishek	15 joon, san 1659 ee. mean lal qila, dilli
nirman	lahaur ki badashahi masjid 1674 ee. mean, bibi ka maqabara, aurangabad , moti masjid
maqabara	khuladabad
bhasha jnan	arabi, farasi, turki

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aurangazeb
(shasan kal 1658 se 1707)

aurangajeb apane sage bhaee−bhatijoan ki nirmamata poorvak hatya aur apane vriddh pita (shahajahaan) ko gaddi se hata kar samrat bana tha. usane shasan sanbhalate hi akabar ke samay se prachalit niti mean parivartan kiya. udarata aur sahishnuta ke sthan par usane mazahabi kattarata ko apanaya aur vah mugal samrajy ko ek kattar islami saltanat banane ki poorih koshish karane laga. aurangajeb ne apani nee niti ko karyanvit karane ke lie prashasan ke padoan se un karmachariyoan ko hata diya, jinamean tho di bhi dharmik udarata thi ya jinhean hinduoan se sahanubhooti thi . jin rajaoan ki virata aur svamibhakti ke karan mugal samrajy itana vistrit aur samriddhishali bana tha, unhean vah sada sandeh drishti se dekha karata tha . jis samay vah samrat bana tha, us samay shasan aur sena mean kitane hi b de−b de padoan par rajapoot raja niyukt the. vah unase ghrina karata tha aur unaka ahit karane ka kuchakr rachata rahata tha . apani hindoo virodhi niti ki saphalata mean use jin rajaoan ki or se badha jan p dati thi, unamean amer naresh mirja raja jayasianh aur jodhapur ke raja yashavantasianh pramukh the. un donoan ka mugal samratoan se parivarik sanbandh hone ke karan rajy mean b da prabhav tha . isalie aurangajeb ko pratyaksh roop se unake viruddh koee karravaee karane ka sahas nahian hota tha ; kiantu vah unaka ahit karane ki nity nee chalean chalata rahata tha. aurangajeb ki or se mathura ka phaujadar abdulanavi namak ek kattar musalaman tha . san 1669 mean gokul sianh jat ke netritv mean vidroh kar diya. mahavan paragana ke sihora gaanv mean usaki vidrohiyoan se muthabhe d huee jisamean abdulanavi mara gaya aur muhgal sena buri tarah har gee.

rajyabhishek

• aurangajeb ne 21 julaee, 1658 ee. mugal satta sambhali thi.
• aurangajeb ne 5 joon, 1659 ee. mean rajyabhishek ka utsav kiya tha.

pratibandh

aurangajeb ke shasan kal mean praja par pratibandh:-

1. sikkoan par kalama likhe jane par rokh॥
2. auratoan ke mazar jane par rok.
3. sangit aur jyotish vidya ke abhyas par rok.
4. nauroz ke utsav par rok.
5. satipratha, das bikri, jua, veshyavritti evan nasha karane par rok.

vidrohiyoan ka daman

aurangajeb ne unhean dabane ke lie kee bar sena bheji; kiantu use saphalata nahian mili . vah navanbar, sanh 1669 mean khud sena sahit dilli se mathura ki or badha . usane apane ek senapati hasanali ko mathura ka phaujadar niyukt kar adesh diya ki vah vidrohiyoan ko kuchal de aur braj ke hinduoan ko barbad kar de . hasanali ne shahi sena ke sath gokula ko usane sathiyoan sahit gher liya aur un par akraman kar diya . gokul ki sena shahi sena ki tulana mean bahut kam thi; phir bhi usane k da muqabala kiya . aant mean gokula ki har huee . us yuddh mean anek vidrohi mare gaye, aur bahut se pak d liye gaye . gokula ko b di nirdayatapoorvak mara gaya ; aur pak de hue logoan ko musalaman banaya gaya . is prakar us vidroh ka aant hua . is ghatana ke bad aurangajeb ne braj mean aisa daman−chakr chalaya ki yahaan sultani kal se bhi buri sthiti ho gee .

braj ke sthanoan ka nam parivartan

aurangazeb ne braj sanskriti ko aghat pahuanchane ke liye braj ke namoan ko parivartit kiya . mathura, vrindavan, parasauli (govardhan) ko kramash: islamabad, meminabad aur muhammadapur kaha gaya tha . ve sabhi nam abhi tak sarakari kagazoan mean rahe aye haian, janata mean kabhi prachalit nahian hue .

jaziya kar

braj mean ane vale tirth−yatriyoan par bhari kar lagaya gaya, mandir nasht kiye lage, jaziya kar phir se lagaya gaya aur hinduoan ko musalaman banaya . us samay ke kaviyoan ki rachanaoan mean aurangazeb ke atyacharoan ka ullekh is prakar hai-

• jab tean sah takht par baithe . tab tean hindun tean ur aianthe ॥
  

mahange kar tirathan lagaye . dev-devalai nidari dhahae ॥
ghar-ghar baandhi jejiya linhean . apane man bhaye sab kinhe ॥
( lal krit 'chhatr prakash' )

• deval giravate phiravate nisan ali, aise doobe rav-rane sabi gaye lab ki ॥
  (bhooshan kavi ) to de gaye mandiroan ki jagah par masjid aur saray banaee geean tatha makatab aur kasaeekhane ka kayam kiye gaye . hinduoan ke dil ko dukhane ke lie go−vadh karane ki khuli toot de di gee.

dharmacharyoan ka nishkraman

jab braj mean itana atyachar hone laga, tab yahaan ke dharmapran bhaktajan apani dev−moortiyaan aur dharmik pothiyoan ko lekar bhagane ka vichar karane lage . kiantu kahaan jayean, yah unake lie b di samasya thi . ve tirth sthanoan mean rah kar apana dharm−karm karana chahate the ; kiantu yahaan rahana unake lie asanbhav ho gaya tha . mahatma 'soor kishor' ne us samay ke bhaktoan ki manosthiti ko is prakar vyakt kiya hai-

• jahan tirath tahan jaman-bas, puni jivika n lahiyai . asan-basan jahan milai, tahaan satasangan paiyai ॥
  

rah chor-batamar kutil, niradhan dukh dehian . sahabasin san bair, door kahuan basai sanehi ॥
kahaian 'soor kisor' milaian nahian, jatha jog chahi jahaan . kalikal graseu ati prabal hiy, hay ram ! rahiyai kahaan ?
(mithila mahatmy, chhnd- 1 )

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us samay kuchh prabhavashali hindoo rajyoan ki sthiti aurangajeb ke mazahabi tanashahi se mukt thi ; at: braj ke anek dharmachary evan bhaktajan apane parikar ke sath vahaan ja kar basane lage . us abhootapoorv dharmik nishkraman ke phalasvaroop braj mean govardhan aur gokul jaise samriddhishali dharmasthan uj d gaye, aur vrindavan shobhahin ho gaya tha . aurangajeb ke shasan mean braj ki jaisi barbadi huee, usaka varnan nahian kiya ja sakata hai .

jaziya kar ka pun:prachalan

jo log musalaman nahian hona chahate the, unase muslim shasan mean jaziya nam se kar vasool kiya jata tha . yah kar akabar ke shasan mean hata diya gaya tha . tab se lekar aurangajeb ke shasan ke aranbhik kal tak vah band raha . jab mirja raja jayasianh ke bad maharaj yashavant sianh ka bhi dehaant ho gaya, tab aurangajeb ne nirankush hokar san 1679 mean phir se is kar ko lagaya . is apamanapoorn kar ka hinduoan dvara virodh kiya gaya . meva d ke vriddh rana rajasianh ne isake virodh mean aurangajeb ko upalanbh dete hue ek patr likha tha, jisaka ullekh t aaud krit rajasthan namak granth mean hua hai .

mathura ki durdasha

aurangajeb ke atyacharoan se mathura ki janata apane paitrik avasoan ko chho d kar nikatavarti hindoo rajaoan ke rajyoan mean jakar basane lagi thi . jo rah gaye the, ve b di kathin paristhiti mean apane jivan bita rahe the . us samay mean mathura ka koee mahatv nahian tha. usaki dharmik ke sath hi sath usaki bhautik samriddhi bhi samapt ho gee thi . prashasan ki drishti se us samay mean mathura se adhik mahavan, sahar aur sadabad ka mahatv tha, vahaan musalamanoan ki sankhya bhi apekshakrit adhik thi .

hindoo virodhi

1. kashi ka vishvanath mandir, mathura ka keshavaray mandir, patana ke somanath mandir ko dhvast karaya gaya.
2. sarakari karyalayoan se hindoo karmachariyoan ko nishkasit karaya gaya.
3. 1679 ee. mean hinduoan par jaziya (jijjah) kar lagoo kiya.

prarambhik jivan

1. aurangazeb 1636 ee. mean pahali bar dakshin ka soobedar bana.
2. aurangazeb 1644 ee. mean gujarat ka, 1648 ee. mean multan aur sindh ka tatha 1652 ee. mean dakshin ka soobedar bana.

sthapaty nirman

1. aurangazeb ne 1674 ee. mean lahaur ki badashahi masjid banavaee thi.
2. aurangazeb ne 1678 ee. mean bibi ka maqabara apani patni rabiya durrani ki smriti mean banavaya tha.
3. aurangazeb ne dilli ke lal qile mean moti masjid banavaee thi.

samakalin sangitajn

1. sukhi sen
2. kalavant
3. kirapa
4. hayat sarasanain
5. rasabain khaan

tatkalin sahity

1. rafi khaan ka muntakhab ul tavarikh
2. mirza muhammad qazim ka 'alamagir nama'
3. muhammad saqi ka 'masire alamagiri'
4. sujanaray ka 'khulasat-ul-tavarikh'
5. eeshvaradas ka 'futuhate alamagiri'
6. bhamasen burahanapuri ka 'nuksha e-dilakushaan'

ajit sianh

mukhy lekh : ajit sianh

ajit sianh marava d ke raja jasavant sianh ka putr tha. usaka janm 1679 ee. mean lahaur mean pita ki mrityu ke bad hua. ajit sianh ko dilli laya gaya, jahaan par aurangazeb use musalaman bana lena chahata tha.

rajy ka vargikaran

aurangazeb ne rajy ka vargikaran kara tha. 21 sooboan me vibhakt tha, (14 soobe uttar bharat, 6 dakshin bharat aur 1 afaganistan)

pramukh vidroh

1. afagan vidroh (uttar pashchim simaant kshetr, 1667,1672)
2. jat vidroh (mathura ke jato ke dvara, 1669, 1685-88)
3. satanami vidroh (mathura ke pas naranaul mean, 1672 ee. mean)
4. bundela vidroh, 1661
5. shahajada akabar ka vidroh, 1681 ee. mean
6. aangrejoan ka vidroh, 1686 ee. mean
7. rajapoot vidroh, 1679
8. sikkh vidroh (1675 ee. se aurangazeb ki mrityu tak)

sainy prabandh

aurangazeb ki sainy prabandh mean 60,000 gho de, 1,00000 paidal sainik, 50,000 ooant, 3,000 hathi the.

ullekhaniy kathan

1. sangit ki maut ho gee, isaki qabr itani gahari dafanana taki avaj asani se ne nikal sake.
2. se mamooli safed kap de mean dafanaya jae aur usake lie koee maqabara n banaya jae.

akamal khaan

mukhy lekh : akamal khaan

akamal khaan ek afaridi qabaili saradar tha jisane 1672 ee. mean mugal badashah aurangazeb ke viruddh vidroh ka netritv kiya aur apane ko sultan ghoshit kar diya.

aurangazeb ki mrityu

aurangazeb ke antim samay mean dakshin mean marathoan ka zor bahut badh gaya tha . unhean dabane mean shahi sena ko saphalata nahian mil rahi thi . isalie san 1683 mean aurangazeb svayan sena lekar dakshin gaya . vah rajadhani se door rahata hua apane shasan−kal ke lagabhag aantim 25 varsh tak usi abhiyan mean raha . 50 varsh tak shasan karane ke bad usaki mrityu dakshin ke ahamadanagar mean 3 march san 1707 ee. mean ho gee thi . usaki niti ne itane virodhi paida kar diye, jis karan mugal samrajy ka aant hi ho gaya . vatarman kal ke vidvanoan ne aurangazeb ki niti ki alochana karate hue usake dushparinamoan ka ullekh kiya hai .

• pro. kadari ne likha hai- 'babar ne mugal rajy ke bhavan ke lie maidan saph kiya, humayooan ne usaki niv dali, akabar ne us par suandar bhavan kh da kiya, jahaangir ne use sajaya−sanvara, shahajahaan ne usamean nivas kar aannad kiya; kiantu aurangazeb ne use vidhvans kar diya tha.'
• da. ramadharisianh ka kathan hai− 'babar se lekar shahajahaan tak mugaloan ne bharat ki jis samajik sanskriti ko pal−pos kar kh da kiya tha, use aurangajeb ne ek hi jhatake se to d dala aur sath hi samrajy ki kamar bhi to d di . vah hinduoan ka hi nahian soophiyoan ka bhi dushman tha aur saramad jaise sant ko usane sooli par chadha diya.'

aurangajeb ke putroan mean b de ka nam muazzam aur chhote ka nam azam tha. muazzam aurangazeb ki mrityu ke bad mugal samrat hua.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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