कृष्णदेव राय

krishnadev ray
krishnadev ray|200px|center
poora nam	krishnadev ray
janm	16 faravari, 1471 ee.
mrityu tithi	1529 ee.
upadhi	‘aandhr bhoj’, ‘abhinav bhoj’, ‘andhr pitamah’ adi.
shasan	1509-1529 ee.
dharmik manyata	vaishnav
sudhar-parivartan	krishnadev ne banjar evan jangali bhoomi ko krishi yogy banane ka prayatn kiya tatha 'vivah kar' jaise alokapriy kar ko samapt kiya.
poorvadhikari	vir narasianh
vansh	tuluv vansh
sanbandhit lekh	vijayanagar samrajy
vishesh	babar ne apani atmakatha ‘tujuk-e-babari’ mean krishnadev ray ko bharat ka sarvadhik shaktishali shasak bataya hai.
any janakari	krishnadev ray telugu sahity ka mahanh vidvanh tha. usane telugu ke prasiddh granth ‘amukt malyad’ ya 'visvuvitiy' ki rachana ki. usaki yah rachana telugu ke paanch mahakavyoan mean se ek hai.

krishnadev ray (1509-1529 ee.) tuluv vansh ke vir narasianh ka anuj tha, jo 8 agast, 1509 ee. ko vijayanagar samrajy ke sianhasan par baitha. usake shasan kal mean vijayanagar eshvary evan shakti ke drishtikon se apane charamotkarsh par tha. krishnadev ray ne apane saphal sainik abhiyanoan ke antargat 1509-1510 ee. mean bidar ke sultan mahamood shah ko 'adoni' ke samip haraya. 1510 ee. mean usane ummootoor ke vidrohi samant ko parajit kiya. 1512 ee. mean krishnadev ray ne bijapur ke shasak yoosuf adil khaan ko parast kar rayachoor par adhikar kiya. tatpashchath gulabarga ke qile par adhikar kar liya. usane bidar par punah akraman kar vahaan ke bahamani sultan mahamood shah ko barid ke qabze se chhu dakar punah sianhasan par baithaya aur sath hi 'yavan raj sthapanachary’ ki upadhi dharan ki.

vijay evan niti

1513-1518 ee. ke bich krishnadev ray ne u disa ke gajapati shasak prataparudr dev se kam se kam char bar yuddh kiya aur use har bar parajit kiya. char bar ki parajay se nirash prataparudr dev ne krishnadev ray se sandhi ki prarthana kar usake sath apani putri ka vivah kar diya. golakunda ke sultan kuli kutubashah ko krishnadev ray ne saluv timm ke dvara parast karavaya. krishnadev ray ka antim sainik abhiyan bijapur ke sultan ismail adilashah ke viruddh tha. usane adil ko parast kar gulabarga ke prasiddh qile ko dhvast kar diya. 1520 ee. tak krishnadev ray ne apane samast shatruo ko parast kar apane parakram ka parichay diya.

purtagaliyoan se mitrata

arab evan faras se hone vale gho doan ke vyapar, jis par purtagaliyoan ka poorn adhikar tha, ko bina rukavat ke chalane ke lie krishnadev ray ko purtagali shasak albukark se mitrata karani p di. purtagaliyoan ki vijayanagar ke sath sandhi ke anusar ve keval vijayanagar ko hi gho de bechane ke lie badhy the. krishnadev ray ne purtagaliyoan ko bhatakal mean qila banane ke lie anumati is shart par pradan ki, ki ve musalamanoan se gova chhin leange.

shaktishali raja

krishnadev ke samay mean vijayanagar sainik drishti se dakshin ka bahut hi shaktishali rajy ho gaya tha. dakshini shaktiyoan ne purane shatruoan ko ubharane mean to jaldabaji ki, lekin purtagaliyoan ke ubharane se unake vyapar ko jo khatara paida ho raha tha, us par unaka dhyan nahian gaya. nausena ke gathan mean chol rajaoan aur vijayanagar ke prarambhik rajaoan ne bahut dhyan diya tha, lekin krishnadev ne is or koee dhyan nahian diya. tuluv vansh ke raja vaishnav the, par sabhi sampradaoan ko apana vyaktigat dharm palan ki poorn svatantrata thi. jab purtagali aur bahamani sultan hinduoan par atyachar aur unaka matantaran kara rahe the, tab bhi vijayanagar samrajy mean unako saman adhikar prapt the. nagarikoan ko bhi shiksha aur vibhinn rajakiy sevaoan mean prachur avasar prapt the.

"shastren rakshite rashtre shastr chinta pravatrtate" ke anusar kann d mean lokokti hai ki raja niand mean bhi simaoan ko dekha karata hai. dakshin ki vijay mean hi raja krishnadev ray ne 'shivasamudram' ke yuddh mean kaveri nadi ke pravah ko parivartit karake apoorv ran-kaushal ka parichay diya aur us ajey jal durg ko jit liya tha. krishnadev ray ne vir nrisianh ray ko unaki mrityu shaiya par vachan diya tha ki ve rayachoor, kondavid aur u disa ko apane adhin kar leange. us samay gajapati pratap rudr ka rajy vijayava da se bangal tak phaila tha. gajapati ke udayagiri qile ki ghati atyant sankari thi, at: ek any paha di par marg banaya gaya aur chakama dekar raja krishnadev ray ki sena ne qila jit liya tha. isi tarah kondavid ke qile mean gajapati ki vishal sena thi aur qile ke niche se oopar chadhana asanbhav tha. raja krishnadev ray ne vahaan pahuanchakar machan banavae taki qile ke saman hi dharatal se ban varsha ho sake. is qile mean prataparudr ki patni aur raj parivar ke kee sadasy bandi bana lie ge the. aant mean salua timma ki kootaniti se gajapati ko bhram ho gaya ki usake mahapatr 16 senapati krishnadev ray se mile hue haian. at: unhoanne krishnadev ray se sandhi kar li aur apani putri jaganmohini ka vivah unase kar diya. is tarah madurai se katak tak ke sabhi qile hindoo samrajy mean a ge the. pashchimi tat par bhi kalikat se gujarat tak ke rajagan samrat krishnadev ray ko kar dete the.

sultanoan ke prati rananiti

tatkalin samay mean bahamani ke sultanoan ki prachand shakti ke samaksh adhik dhairy aur kootaniti ki avashyakata thi. golakunda ka sultan kuli kutubashah kroor senapati aur nirmam shasak tha. vah jahaan bhi vijayi hota tha, vahaan hinduoan ka katleam karava deta. raja krishnadev ray ki rananiti ke karan bijapur ke adilashah ne kutubashah par apratyashit akraman kar diya. sultan kuli kutubashah yuddh mean ghayal hokar bhaga. bad mean adilashah bhi bukhar mean mar gaya aur usaka putr maloo khaan vijayanagar samrajy ke sanrakshan mean golakunda ka sultan bana. gulabarga ke amir barid aur begam buboo khanam ko kamal khaan bandi banakar le gaya. kamal khaan faras ka tha. khurasani saradaroan ne usaka virodh kiya. tab raja krishnadev ray ne bijapur mean bahamani ke tin shahajadoan ko kamal khaan se chhu daya aur muhammad shah ko dakshin ka sultan banaya. shesh do ki jivika baandh di gee. vahaan unako vyavanarajy sthapanacharyavh ki upadhi bhi mili. bijapur vijay ke pashchath krishnadev ray kuchh samay vahaan rahe, kintu sena ke lie pani ki samasya ko dekhate hue ve soobedaroan ki niyukti kar chale ae.

talikot ka yuddh

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

ek samay aisa bhi aya, jab kee sultanoan ne milakar krishnadev ray ke viruddh jihad bol diya. yah yuddh 'divani' namak sthan par hua. malik ahamad bahari, noori khan khvaja-e-jahaan, adilashah, kutub ul-mulk, tamadul mulk, dastoori mamalik, mirza lutphullah, in sabhi ne milakar hamala bola. isamean bidar ka sultan mahamood shah dvitiy ghayal hokar gho de se gir p da. kiantu jab ghayal sultan mahamood shah ko senapati ramaraj timma ne bachakar mirza lutphullah ke kheme mean pahuanchaya aur yoosuf adil khaan mar dala gaya. ise pakshapat manakar bhram ho gaya aur sultanoan mean avishvas ke karan jihad asaphal ho gaya. is l daee mean sultanoan ko bhari kshati uthani p di. unhean samool nasht nahian karana bad mean manhaga p da aur sabhi muslim riyasatean raja krishnadev ray viruddh talikot ke yuddh mean pun: sangathit ho gayian.

rayachoor ki vijay

thumb|220px|krishnadev ray ki pratima vibhinn yuddhoan mean lagatar vijay ke karan apane jivan kal mean hi raja krishnadev ray lok kathaoan ke nayak ho ge the. unhean avatar kaha jane laga tha aur unake parakram ki kahaniyaan prachalit ho gayi thian. rayachoor vijay ne sachamuch unhean vishv ka mahanatam senanayak bana diya tha. sabase kathin aur bharatavarsh ka sabase vishal yuddh rayachoor ke qile ke lie hua tha. krishnadev ray ne vir narasianh ray ko vachan diya tha ki ve rayachoor ka qila bhi jitakar vijayanagar samrajy mean mila leange. yah avasar bhi anayas hi krishnadev ray ke hath aya. ghatanakram ke anusar krishnadev ray ne ek muslim darabari side marikar ko 50,000 sikke dekar gho de kharidane ke lie gova bheja tha. kiantu vah ali adilashah pratham ke yahaan bhag gaya. sultan adilashah ne use vapas bhejana asvikar kar diya. tab krishnadev ray ne yuddh ki ghoshana kar di aur bidar, barar, golakunda ke sultanoan ko bhi soochana bhej di. sabhi sultanoan ne raja ka samarthan kiya. 11 ani aur 550 hathiyoan ki sena ne chadhaee kar di. mukhy sena mean 10 lakh sainik the. raja krishnadev ray ke netritv mean 6000 ghu dasavar, 4000 paidal aur 300 hathi alag the. yah sena krishnaa nadi tak pahuanch gayi thi. 19 mee, 1520 ko yuddh praranbh hua aur adilashahi fauj ko parajay ki samana karana p da. lekin usane topakhana age kiya aur vijayanagar ki sena ko pichhe hatana p da.

ali adilashah pratham ko sharab pine ki adat thi. ek ratri vah pikar nach dekh raha tha, tabhi vah achanak utha, nashe ke josh mean hathi mangaya aur nadi par kar vijayanagar ki sena par hamala karane chal diya. usaka sipahasalar salabat khaan bhi doosare hathi par kuchh any hathiyoan ko lekar chala. raja krishnadev ray ke sajag sainikoan ne hamale ka karara javab diya aur nasha kaphoor hote hi adilashah bhaga. prat:kal hone tak usake sipahi aur hathi krishnaa nadi mean doob ge ya bah ge. aisi rananiti ne usake sipahiyoan aur senapatiyoan ka yakin diga diya. doosari or krishnadev ray tab tak ranabhoomi nahian chho date the, jab tak akhiri ghayal sainik ki chikitsa n ho jae. at: jab topakhane ke samane unaki sena pichhe hat gayi to raja ne kesariya bana dharan kar liya. apani mudra sevakoan ko de dian taki raniyaan sati ho sakean aur svayan gho de par savar hokar nee vyooh rachana banakar aisa akraman kiya ki sultani sena ghabara gayi aur parajit hokar titar-bitar ho gayi. sultan adilashah bhag gaya aur rayachoor qile par vijayanagar samrajy ka adhikar ho gaya. as-pas ke any sultanoan ne raja ki is vijay ka bhayabhit hokar abhinandan kiya. jab adilashah ka doot kshama yachana ke lie aya to raja ka uttar tha ki- "svayan adilashah akar usake pair choome."

yatri vivaran

kee videshi yatriyoan ne tatkalin vijayanagar ki paristhitiyoan ka varnan kiya hai. italavi yatri paes, krishnadev ke darabar mean anek varshoan tak raha. usane krishnadev ke vyaktitv ka sundar varnan kiya hai. lekin vah yah bhi kahata hai ki- "vah mahanh shasak aur nyay priy shasak hai, lekin use krodh bahut jaldi ata tha. vah apani praja ko bahut pyar karata tha aur praja-kalyan ki usaki bhavana ne kianvadantiyoan ka roop dharan kar liya tha." krishnadev ray ke samay mean purtagali yatri domiango payas vijayanagar ki yatra par aya. usane krishnadev ray ki khoob prashansa ki. ek any purtagali yatri barabosa ne bhi samakalin samajik evan arthik jivan ka bahut sundar varnan kiya hai. krishnadev ne banjar evan jangali bhoomi ko krishi yogy banane ka prayatn kiya tatha 'vivah kar' jaise alokapriy kar ko samapt kiya.

vidvanh v sanrakshak

krishnadev ray telugu sahity ka mahanh vidvanh tha. usane telugu ke prasiddh granth ‘amukt malyad’ ya 'visvuvitiy' ki rachana ki. usaki yah rachana telugu ke paanch mahakavyoan mean se ek hai. isamean alavar 'vishnuchitt' ke jivan, vaishnav darshan par usaki vyakhya aur unaki god li huee beti 'goda' aur 'bhagavan ranganath' ke bich prem ka varnan hai. krishnadev ray ne is granth mean rajasv ke viniyojan evan arthavyavastha ke vikas par vishesh bal dete hue likha hai ki- "raja ko talaboan v sianchaee ke any sadhanoan tatha any kalyanakari karyoan ke dvara praja ko santusht rakhana chahie." krishnadev ray mahanh prashasak hone ke sath-sath ek mahanh vidvan, vidya premi aur vidvanoan ka udar sanrakshak bhi tha, jisake karan vah 'abhinav bhoj' ya 'aandhr bhoj' ke roop mean prasiddh tha.

bhavan nirmata

krishnadev ray mahanh bhavan nirmata bhi tha. usane vijayanagar ke pas ek naya shahar banavaya aur bahut b da talab khudavaya, jo sianchaee ke kam bhi ata tha. telugu aur sanskrit ka vah achchha vidvanh tha. usaki bahut-si rachanaoan mean se telugu mean likhi rajaniti par ek pustak aur ek sanskrit natak hi upalabdh hai. usake rajyakal mean telugu sahity ka naya yug prarambh hua, jabaki sanskrit se anuvad ki apeksha telugu mean maulik sahity likha jane laga. vah telugu ke sath-sath kann d aur tamil vakyoan ki bhi sahayata karata tha. 'barabosa', 'paes' aur 'noonij' jaise videshi yatriyoan ne usake shreshth prashasan aur usake shasan kal mean samrajy ki samriddhi ki charchaean ki haian.

sahishnuta ki bhavana

krishnadev ki sabase b di upalabdhi usake shasan kal mean samraj mean panapi sahishnuta ki bhavana thi. barabosa kahata hai ki- "raja itani svatantrata deta hai ki koee bhi vyakti apani ichchha se a ja sakata hai. bina kathinai ke ya is poochhatachh ke ki vah eesaee hai ya yahoodi ya moor hai athava nastik hai, apane dharmik achar ke anusar rah sakata hai." barabosa ne krishnadev ki prashansa usake rajy mean prapt nyay aur samanata ke karan bhi ki hai.

ashtadiggaj kavi

kumar vyas ka ‘‘kann d-bharat’’ krishnadev ray ko samarpit hai. usake darabar mean telugu sahity ke 8 sarvashreshth kavi rahate the., jinhean 'ashtadiggaj' kaha jata tha-

• 'ashtadiggaj' mean sarvadhik mahatvapurn 'allasani peddan' ko telugu kavita ke pitamah ki upadhi pradan ki gee thi. usaki mukhy kriti hai- ‘svarochish-sambhav’ ya 'manucharit' tatha ‘harikatha sar’.
• doosare mahanh kavi 'nandi timman' ne ‘parijataharan’ ki rachana ki thi.
• tisare kavi 'bhattoomurti' ne alankar shastr se sambandhit pustak ‘narasabhoopaliyam’ ki rachana ki thi.
• chauthe kavi 'dhoorjati' ne ‘kalahasti-mahatmy’ ki rachana ki.
• paanchave kavi 'madayyagari mallan' ne 'rajashekharacharit' ki rachana kar khyati prapt ki thi.
• chhathean kavi 'achchalaraju ramachandr' ne ‘saphalakatha sarasangrah’ evan ‘ramabhyudayamh’ ki rachana kar krishnadev ray se samman paya tha.
• satavean kavi 'piangalisoorann' ne ‘raghav-pandaviy’ ki rachana ki. 'paandurang mahatmy' ki ganana 5 mahakavyoan mean ki jati hai.

lokanayak

ek ajey senapati, kushal sangathak aur prajaranjak prashasak hone ke sath-sath krishnadev ray paramabhakt aur kavi bhi the. allasani, pedanna, mukkoo tirumalaray, madayyagiri mudupalkaku jaise kavi rajasabha ki shobha the. vibhinn vishayoan ke deshi-videshi visheshajn raja ke ashray mean samrajy ki shri vriddhi karate the. ve jahaan-jahaan ge, vahaan prachin mandiroan ka jirnoddhar kiya, unamean rajagopuram ka nirman karaya tatha ne mandir banavae. phalasvaroop vijayanagar sthapaty shaili ka pravartan hua. rameshvaram se rajamahendrapuram, anantapur tak isake udaharan dikhaee dete haian. is shaili par shatadhik pustakean prakashit hueean. mandiroan ke karan vidyalayoan ka jal bhi vijayanagar samrajy mean bichh gaya tha. vyapak karadhan ke dvara dhan sangrah ke sath samajik abhilekh bhi sangrah ho ge the. is dhan ka mukhy upayog sena aur sianchaee ke lie hota tha. us samrajy mean hajaroan chhoti-b di sianchaee ki yojanaean aur jal srotoan par baandh bane ya ne nagar basae ge. antarik shanti ke karan praja mean sahity, sangit aur kala ko protsahan mila. janata rom ke samrajy ki nakal karake kuchh vilasi bhi ho gayi thi. madiralayoan aur veshyalayoan par karadhan hone ke karan inaka vyapar svatantr tha.

upadhi

krishnadev ray ne sanskrit bhasha mean ek natak ‘jambavati kalyan’ ki rachana ki thi. sahity ke kshetr mean krishnadev ray ke kal ko "telugu sahity ka klasiki yug" kaha gaya hai. krishnadev ray ne ‘aandhr bhoj’, ‘abhinav bhoj’, ‘andhr pitamah’ adi upadhiyaan dharan kian. sthapaty kala ke kshetr mean krishnadev ray ne ‘nagalapur’ namak naye nagar ki sthapana ki thi. usane hazara evan vitthalasvami namak mandir ka nirman bhi karavaya.

mrityu

krishnadev ray ki 1529 ee. mean mrityu ho gee. babar ne apani atmakatha ‘tujuk-e-babari’ mean krishnadev ray ko bharat ka sarvadhik shaktishali shasak bataya hai. krishnadev ki mrityu ke pashchath usake rishtadaroan mean apas mean uttaradhikar ke lie sangharsh hua. raja ke ikalaute putr tirumal ray ki ek shadyantr ke tahat hatya ho gayi. aantatah 1543 mean sadashiv ray gaddi par baitha aur usane 1567 tak rajy kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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