भीकाजी कामा
bhikaji kama
| |
| poora nam | bhikaji rustam kama |
| any nam | maidam kama |
| janm | 24 sitanbar, 1861 |
| janm bhoomi | bambee (vartaman mumbee) |
| mrityu | 13 agast, 1936 |
| mrityu sthan | bambee, bharat |
| pati/patni | rustam ke. ar. kama |
| nagarikata | bharat, fraans |
| prasiddhi | maidam bhikaji kama ne bharat ka pahala jhanda phaharaya usamean hara, kesariya tatha lal rang ke patte the. |
| aandolan | bharatiy svatantrata aandolan |
| any janakari | 'vande mataram' aur 'madan talavar' namak do kraantikari patroan ka prakashan kiya. |
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bhikaji rustam kama athava 'maidam kama' (aangrezi: Bhikaiji Cama, janm: 24 sitanbar, 1861; mrityu- 13 agast, 1936) ka nam kraantikari andolan mean vishesh ullekhaniy hai, jinhoanne videsh mean rahakar bhi bharatiy kraantikariyoan ki bharapoor madad ki thi. unake ojasvi lekh aur bhashan kraantikariyoan ke lie atyadhik prerana srot bane. bhikaji rustam kama bharatiy mool ki fraansisi nagarik thian, jinhoanne landan, jarmani tatha amerika ka bhraman kar bharat ki svatantrata ke paksh mean mahaul banaya. ve jarmani ke statagart nagar mean 22 agast 1907 mean huee satavian aantarrashtriy kaangres mean tiranga phaharane ke lie suvikhyat haian. us samay tiranga vaisa nahian tha jaisa vartaman mean hai. ye maidam kama ke nam se prasiddh haian.
jivan parichay
maidam kama ka janm 24 sitanbar sanh 1861 mean ek parasi parivar mean hua tha. maidam kama ke pita prasiddh vyapari the. maidam kama ne aangrezi madhyam se shiksha prapt ki. aangrezi bhasha par unaka prabhutv tha. shri rustam ke. ar. kama ke sath unaka vivah hua. ve donoan adhivakta hone ke sath hi samajik karyakarta bhi the, kiantu donoan ke vichar bhinn the. rustam kama unaki apani sanskriti ko mahanh manate the, parantu maidam kama apane rashtr ke vicharoan se prabhavit thian. unhean vishvas tha ki british log bharat ka chhal kar rahe haian. isilie ve bharat ki svatantrata ke lie sada chiantit rahati thian. maidam kama ne shreshth samaj sevak dadabhaee nauroji ke yahaan sekretari ke pad par kary kiya. unhoanne yoorop mean yuvakoan ko ekatr kar svatantrata prapti ke lie margadarshan kiya tatha british shasan ke bare mean janakari di. maidam kama ne landan mean pustak prakashan ka kary aranbh kiya. unhoanne visheshat: deshabhakti par adharit pustakoan ka prakashan kiya. vir savarakar ki ‘1857 cha svatantry ladha’ (1857 ka svatantrata sangram) pustak prakashit karane ke lie unhoanne sahayata ki. maidam kama ne svatantrata prapti ke lie kraantikariyoan ko arthik sahayata ke sath hi any anek prakar se bhi sahayata ki. sanh 1907 mean jarmani ke stratagard namak sthanapar ‘aantararashtriy samyavadi parishad’ sanpann huee thi. is parishad ke lie vividh deshoan ke hajaroan pratinidhi ae the. us parishad mean maidam bhikaji kama ne sa di pahanakar bharatiy jhanda hath mean lekar logoan ko bharat ke vishay mean janakari di.
bharat ka pahala jhanda phaharaya
maidam bhikaji kama ne bharat ka pahala jhanda phaharaya, usamean hara, kesariya tatha lal rang ke patte the. lal rang yah shakti ka pratik hai, kesariya vijay ka tatha hara rang sahas evan utsah ka pratik hai. usi prakar 8 kamal ke phool bharat ke 8 rajyoan ke pratik the. ‘vande mataramh’ yah devanagari aksharoan mean jhande ke madhy mean likha tha. yah jhanda vir savarakar ne any kraantikariyoan ke sath milakar banaya tha.[1]
samajik kary
[2]jahaan ek or paratantrata ka dansh jhel raha tha vahian samajik shtar par bhi pichh danepan se joojh raha tha. ek or auratoan ko devi bana kar unhhean poojaniy mana jata tha, vahian isaka doosara pahaloo tha ki l dakiyoan abhishap mani jati thian. ek or jahaan mahilaoan ke samane apane hi samaj se l dane ki chunauti thi, to doosari or shvatantrata ki l daee mean mahati bhoomika nibhane ki prabal ichhchha. aise mean agar koee shtri poori tarah se desh ki shvatantrata ko hi apane jivan ka lakshhy bana le to ise apratim udaharan mana jaega. azadi ki l daee mean unhhian agraniyoan mean ek nam ata hai - maidam bhikaji kama ka. dridh vicharoan vali bhikaji ne agast 1907 ko jarmani mean ayojit sabha mean bharat ka jhanda phaharaya tha, jise vir savarakar aur unake kuchh sathiyoan ne milakar taiyar kiya tha, yh aj ke tirange se tho da bhinhn tha. bhikaji ne shvatantrata senaniyoan ki arthik madad bhi ki aur jab desh mean phleg phaila to apani jan ki paravah kie bagair unaki bharapoor seva ki. shvatantrata ki l daee mean unhhoanne badh-chadhakar hishsa liya. vo bad mean landan chali geean aur unhhean bharat ane ki anumati nahian mili. lekin desh se door rahana unake lie sanbhav nahian ho paya aur vo pun: apane vatan laut aeean. samajik karyoan mean atyadhik vyast rahane ke karan unaka svasth big d gaya, jisake upachar ke lie unhean 1902 ee. mean ianglaind jana pada. vahaan ve 'bharatiy hom rool samiti' ki sadasya ban gee. shyamaji krishna varma dvara unhean 'indiya haus' ke kraantikari daste mean shamil kar liya gaya.[3]
kraanti prasoota
[[chitr:Indian-Flag-In-1906.png|thumb|1906 mean bharatiy dhvaj]] 1907 ee. mean stutagard (jarmani) mean 'aantarrashtriy samajavad sammelan' mean maidam kama ne tiranga jhanda phaharaya aur ghoshana ki- yah bharatiy svatantrata ka dhvaj hai. isaka janm ho chuka hai. hindustan ke yuva vir sapootoan ke rakt se yah pahale hi pavitr ho chuka hai. yahaan upasthit sabhi mahanubhavoan se mera nivedan hai ki sab kh de hokar hindustan ki azadi ke is dhvaj ki vandana karean sabhi ne kh de hokar dhvaj vandana ki. maidam kama ko 'kraanti-prasoota' kaha jane laga. dhani parivar mean janm lene ke bavajood is sahasi mahila ne adarsh aur dridh sankalp ke bal par nirapad tatha sukhi jivanavale vatavaran ko tilaanjali de di aur shakti ke charamotkarsh par pahuanche samrajy ke viruddh kraantikari karyoan se upaje khataroan tatha kathinaiyoan ka samana kiya. shrimati kama ka bahut b da yogadan samrajyavad ke viruddh vishv janamat jagrat karana tatha videshi shasan se mukti ke lie bharat ki ichchha ko dave ke sath prastut karana tha. bharat ki svadhinata ke lie l date hue unhoanne lanbi avadhi tak nirvasit jivan bitaya tha. vah apane kraantikari vichar apane samachar-patr ‘vandemataramh’ tatha ‘talavar’ mean prakat karati thian. shrimati kama ki l daee duniya-bhar ke samrajyavad ke viruddh thi. vah bharat ke svadhinata aandolan ke mahattv ko khoob samajhati thian, jisaka lakshy sanpoorn prithvi se samrajyavad ke prabhutv ko samapt karana tha. unake sahayogi unhean ‘bharatiy kraanti ki mata’ manate the; jabaki aangrez unhean kukhyath mahila, khataranak kraantikari, arajakatavadi kraantikari, british virodhi tatha asangat kahate the. yoorop ke samajavadi samuday mean shrimati kama ka paryapt prabhav tha. yah us samay spasht hua jab unhoanne yooropiy patrakaroan ko apane desh-bhaktoan ke bachav ke lie amantrit kiya. vah ‘bharatiy rashtriyata ki mahanh pujarin’ ke nam se vikhyat thian. phraansisi akhabaroan mean unaka chitr jon aauph ark ke sath aya. yah is tathy ki bhavapoorn abhivyakti thi ki shrimati kama ka yoorop ke rashtriy tatha lokataantrik samaj mean vishisht sthan tha.[4]
patr ka prakashan
dhire-dhire maidam kama ki kraantikari gatividhiyaan badhati gee. isase pahale ki aangrez sarakar unhean giraphtar kare, ve phraans chali gee tatha vahaan se 'vande mataram' namak kraantikari patr ka prakashan prarambh kiya. apani sampadakiy mean ve kitani ugr bhasha ka prayog karati thian. isaka ek udaharan dhire-dhire goli chalana sikh lo. ab vah samay zyada door nahian, jab tumhean apani priy hindustani sarajamian se agrezoan ko mar bhagane ke lie kaha jaega.
‘madan talavar'
isi kalavadhi mean savarakar ji ka ‘1857 ka svatantrata samar' granth prakashit hua. unhoanne ghoshit kiya ki british shasan dvara pratibandhit granth ki pratiyaan apane pairis ke adhivas (pata) par upalabdh hoangi. is granth ka anuvad bhi unhoanne evan pi. ti. achary ji ne phreanch bhasha mean prakashit kie. madanalal dhiangara ji ke karjan vayali ka vadh karane par 5 agast 1907 ko savarakar ji se milane ke lie maidam kama landan akar geean. madan lal ji ki smriti mean unhoanne ‘madan talavar' namak niyatakalik bhi sitanbar 1909 ko aranbh kiya.[5]
vir savarakar aur maidam kama
janavari 1910 ke pratham saptah mean kraanti ke kary ki bhagadaud se savarakar ji ka svasthy bigad gaya. vishram ke lie tatha sthanapalat hetu ve landan se pairis maidam kama ke yahaan ae. ab tak maidam kama unaki doosari maan hi ban gee thian. is asadharan maan ne 2 mah tak savarakaraji ki seva ki. tab tak maharashtr ke nasik mean anant kanhere ji ne jaiksan ka vadh kiya tha. is ghatana ka sanbandh savarakar ji se ho sakata hai, yah janakar poochhatachh chaloo ho gee. savarakar ji ne hi sanbandhit pistaul hiandustan mean bheji thi. hiandustan evan landan mean apane sahakari sankat mean hote hue svayan phraans mean rahana uchit nahian, yah janakar savarakar ji landan lautane lage. landan pahuanchate hi unhean bandi banaya ja sakata hai, yah sochakar maidam kama chiantit ho uthian. landan lautane ke vicharoan se savarakaraji ko paravritt karane ka unhoanne prayatn bhi kiya; parantu savarakaraji apane vicharoan par adig rahe. 13 march 1910 ko maidam kama tatha lala haradayalaji savarakaraji ko chho dane agagadi sthanak (relave steshan) par ae. us samay un donoan ka man b da chiantagrast ho gaya. viktoriya sthanak par utarate hi savarakaraji ko bandi bana liya gaya aur nyayalay ke adesh anusar unhean hiandustan mean bhejane ka nirnay hua.
savarakaraji ko mukt karane ke prayatn
[[chitr:Bhikaji-cama-stamp.jpg|thumb|samman mean jari dak tikat]] savarakaraji ko ‘moriya' jalayanase (bot) hiandustan le ja rahe haian, yah bat shasan dvara gupt rakhane par bhi maidam kama tatha unake sahayogiyoan ko mil hi gee. yah jalayan marselis naukalay mean (bandaragah) a pahuanchi hai, yah jnat hote hi vi.vi.esh. ayyaraji ko lekar vah motar se pairis se marselis arhian; parantu tab tak savarakaraji ko punah pakadakar jalayan par le jaya gaya tha. unhean pahuanchane mean 10-15 minat ka vilamb hua tha. unhean bahut duahkh hua; parantu ve chup nahian baithian. marselis ke mahapaur jaan jore ko unhoanne is bat se avagat karaya. unhoanne jore ko yah bhi bataya ki british arakshakoan dvara (pulis) phraans ki bhoomi par savarakaraji ko bandi banana, yah phraans ka apaman hai, yah bhi bataya aur svayan yah samachar pairis ke ‘l taan' is vrittapatr ko bhej diya. savarakaraji ko avaidh bandi banaya gaya, yah samachar phailate hi poore vishv mean khalabali mach gee aur british shasan ko b di lajja se manahani uthani p di. is ghatana ke pashchath aangrez shasan b di nirdayata se savarakaraji par abhiyog chalaegi, yah janakar maidam kama ne muanbee ke vidhivakta josef baipatista ko tar bhejakar abhiyog chalane ke lie savarakaraji se milane ke lie kaha. savarakaraji mukt hoan, maidam kama ki yah bhavana itani tivr thi ki is avadhi mean ve sidhe pairis ke british dootavas mean geean aur unhoanne vahaan ke rajadoot ko ek likhit nivedan diya. usamean unhoanne likha tha, ‘‘pistaul hiandustan mean bhejane ka dayitv savarakaraji ka nahian, apitu maian uttaradayi hooan. maianne hi vah pistaul chartubhuj amin ke sath hiandustan bheji thi. in batoan se spasht hota hai ki maidam kama mean dhairy, sahas aur deshabhakti koot-kootakar bhari thi. itana hi nahian unhoanne savarakaraji ke charitr sanbandhi jo bhi unake pas janakari thi vah sarv unhoanne prasiddhi ke lie samachar patroan ko bhej di. 30 janavari 1911 ko savarakaraji ko kale pani ka dand sunaya. savarakaraji aandaman mean the tab unake chhote bhaee, narayanarav savarakaraji ki mahavidyalayin shiksha ke lie maidam kama ne arthik sahayata bhi ki. aangrej shasan ne maidam kama ko hiandustan mean bhejane ki vinati bhi phraans ko ki; parantu phreanch shasan ne usako koee mahattv nahian diya.[5]
nidhan
pratham vishvayuddh ke dauran unhean kafi kasht jhelane p de. bharat mean unaki sampatti jabt kar li gee. unhean ek desh se doosare desh mean lagatar bhagana p da. vriddhavastha mean ve bharat lauti tatha 13 agast, 1936 ko bambee (vartaman mumbee) mean gumanami ki halat mean unaka dehaant ho gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ maidam kama (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) balasanskar. abhigaman tithi: 5 march, 2013.
- ↑ bharat
- ↑ maidam bhikaji kama (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) vebaduniya hiandi. abhigaman tithi: 5 march, 2013.
- ↑ bhikhaji kama ki jayanti kisi ko yad nahian (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) kranti 4 people. abhigaman tithi: 5 march, 2013.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 ‘bharatakanya' maidam kama (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) hiandoo janajagriti samiti. abhigaman tithi: 5 march, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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