Difference between revisions of "मुम्बई"
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*थोडोमल शाही इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज | *थोडोमल शाही इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज | ||
*विवेकानन्द इंस्टिट्यूट ऑफ़ टेक्नोलोज़ी शामिल हैं। | *विवेकानन्द इंस्टिट्यूट ऑफ़ टेक्नोलोज़ी शामिल हैं। | ||
| − | 1857 में स्थापित बाम्बे विश्वविद्यालय से सम्बद्ध [[कला]], [[विज्ञान]], वाणिज्य व शिक्षा सम्बन्धी महाविद्यालय, चिकित्सा, होमियोपैथी, यूनानी चिकित्सा, फ़ार्मेसी व दन्त चिकित्सा महाविद्यालय, वास्तुशिल्प, शारीरिक शिक्षा एवं प्रबन्धन संस्थान हैं। मुम्बई में महिलाओं के लिए एस. एन. डी. टी. विश्वविद्यालय भी है। 1857 में स्थापित [[मुम्बई विश्वविद्यालय]] से बहुत से महाविद्यालय और कई शिक्षण विभाग जुड़े हुए हैं। [[गोवा]] में स्थित बहुत से महाविद्यालय इस विश्वविद्यालय से सम्बद्ध हैं। | + | 1857 में स्थापित बाम्बे विश्वविद्यालय से सम्बद्ध [[कला]], [[विज्ञान]], [[वाणिज्य]] व शिक्षा सम्बन्धी महाविद्यालय, चिकित्सा, होमियोपैथी, यूनानी चिकित्सा, फ़ार्मेसी व दन्त चिकित्सा महाविद्यालय, वास्तुशिल्प, शारीरिक शिक्षा एवं प्रबन्धन संस्थान हैं। मुम्बई में महिलाओं के लिए एस. एन. डी. टी. विश्वविद्यालय भी है। 1857 में स्थापित [[मुम्बई विश्वविद्यालय]] से बहुत से महाविद्यालय और कई शिक्षण विभाग जुड़े हुए हैं। [[गोवा]] में स्थित बहुत से महाविद्यालय इस विश्वविद्यालय से सम्बद्ध हैं। |
====सांस्कृतिक जीवन==== | ====सांस्कृतिक जीवन==== | ||
Revision as of 12:46, 13 April 2012
mumbee
| |
| vivaran | mumbee maharashtr rajy ki rajadhani hai. mumbee ko bharat ka pravesh dvar bhi kaha jata hai. |
| rajy | maharashtr |
| zila | mumbee |
| sthapana | tisari shatabdi ee. poo mean samrat ashok dvara sthapit |
| bhaugolik sthiti | uttar- 18°58′30″, poorv- 72°49′33″ |
| marg sthiti | mumbee shahar s dak dvara pune se 150 kimi, nasik se 172 kimi, nagapur se 847 kimi aur dilli se 1,398 kimi ki doori par sthit hai. |
| prasiddhi | getave aauph iandiya, hotal taj, elipheanta ki guphaean, chhatrapati shivaji tarminas, juhoo chaupati adi. |
| kab jaean | aktoobar se march |
| kaise pahuanchean | jalayan, havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai. |
| havaee adda | chhatrapati shivaji aantarrashtriy vimanakshetr, navi muanbee antarrashtriy vimanakshetr, juhoo havaee adda |
| relave steshan | chhatrapati shivaji tarminas, lokamany tilak tarminas relave steshan, muanbee seantral, muanbee upanagariy relave, dadar steshan, viktoriya relave steshan |
| bas adda | rajy parivahan tarminal |
| yatayat | saikil-riksha, aauto-riksha, taiksi, siti bas aur metro rel |
| kya dekhean | mumbee paryatan |
| kahaan thaharean | hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah |
| kya khayean | v da pav, shrikhand, bhelapoori, pooran poli, poha, saboodana v da, phirani, malapua, katiang chay adi |
| es.ti.di. kod | 022 |
| e.ti.em | lagabhag sabhi |
| chitr:Map-icon.gif | googal manachitr |
| bhasha | marathi, hindi, aangrezi aur gujarati |
| adyatan | 16:19, 9 navambar 2012 (IST)
|
mumbee shahar, bhootapoorv banbee, maharashtr rajy ki rajadhani hai. mumbee ko bharat ka pravesh dvar bhi kaha jata hai. yah dakshin-pashchim bharat desh ka vittiy v vanijyik keandr aur arab sagar mean sthit pramukh bandaragah hai. mumbee duniya ke vishalatam v sabase ghani abadi vale shaharoan mean se ek hai. [[chitr:Gateway-Of-India-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|250px|left|getave aauph iandiya, mumbee]] mumbee ek prachin basti ke sthal par basa hua hai aur isaka namakaran bhagavan shankar ki patni parvati devi ke ek roop, sthaniy devi muanba ke nam par kiya hai. jinaka mandir us sthal par tha, jahaan par ab nagar ka dakshin-poorvi hissa avasthit hai. mumbee lanbe samay se bharat ke sooti vastr udyog ke keandr ke roop mean vikhyat raha hai, lekin ab yahaan vividh nirman udyog bhi haian aur isake vanijyik v vittiy sansthan sashakt aur sabal haian. is shahar mean adhikaansh b de, vikasashil audyogik nagaroan ki purani samasya vayu v jal pradooshan, jhuggi basti aur atyadhik bhi dabha d maujood hai. dvipiy avasthiti ke karan mumbee ka vistar simit hai.
itihas
machhuaroan ki mool janajati, koli yahaan ke arambhik jnat nivasi the, halaanki vrihad mumbee ke kandivali mean pae ge purapashan kal ke patthar ke auzar yahaan pashan kal ke dauran manav basti ki or sanket karate haian. prachin yoonani khagolashastri v bhoogolavijnani talemi ke samay mean yah kshetr heptenishiya ke roop mean jana jata tha aur yah 1000 varsh ee. poo. mean faras v misr ke sath samudri vyapar ka pramukh kendr tha. tisari shatabdi ee. poo. mean yah ashok ke samrajy ka hissa tha aur chhathi se athavian shatabdi mean yahaan chalukyoan ka shasan raha, jinhoanne apani chhap gharapuri (elifenta dvip) par chho di. malabar paint par bana vakeshvar mandir sambhavatah koankan tat ke shilahar pramukhoan ke shasan (9vian se 13vian shatabdi) ke dauran nirmit kiya gaya tha. dogiri ke yadavoan (1187-1318) ke samay mean is dvip (jo bambe dvip bana) par mahikavati (mahim) basti ki sthapana huee, jo 1924 mean hindustan ke khilaji vansh ke akramanoan ke javab mean banaee gee. inhian ke vanshaj vartaman mumbee mean pae jate haian aur bahut se sthanoan ke nam aj bhi usi yug se haian. 1348 mean akramanakari muslim senaoan ne is dvip ko jit liya aur yah gujarat rajy ka hissa ban gaya. mahim ko jitane ki purtagali koshish 1507 mean asaphal rahi, lekin 1534 mean gujarat ke shasak sultan bahadurashah ne yah dvip purtagaliyoan ko sauanp diya. 1661 mean kiang charls dvitiy v purtagal ke raja ki bahan kaitharin af braigeanza ke vivah ke bad yah british niyantran mean a gaya. raja ne ise 1668 mean eest iandiya kampani ko sattaantarit kar diya. shuruat mean kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) v madras (vartaman chennee) ki tulana mean banbee kampani ki bahut b di sampatti ne hokar keval pashchimi tat par kampani ki pair jamae rakhane mean sahayata karata tha. thumb|250px|left|charchaget bhavan, mumbee mukhy bhoomi par mugal, maratha v gujarat ke pradeshik shasak adhik shaktishali the. yahaan tak ki british nausena ka mugaloan, marathoan, purtagaliyoan v dachoan se koee muqabala nahian tha. 19vian shatabdi ke arambh tak bahari ghatanaoan ne shahar ke tez vikas mean sahayata ki. dilli mean mugal shakti ke patan, mugal-maratha pratidvandvita aur gujarat mean maujood asthirata ne karigaroan v vyapariyoan ko sharan lene ke lie is dvip par jane ko mazaboor kiya aur is prakar mumbee ka vikas shuroo hua. maratha shakti ke vinash ke sath mukhyabhoomi se vyapar v sanchar sthapit hua aur usaka yoorop tak vistar kiya gaya, jisase samriddhi ki shuruat huee. 1857 mean pahali kataee v bunaee mil sthapit ki gee aur 1860 tak mumbee bharat ka vishalatam sooti vastr bazar ban gaya. ameriki nagarik yuddh (1861-65) aur briten ko kie ja rahe kapas ki apoorti ruk jane se mumbee ke vyapar mean uchhal aya. lekin nagarik yuddh ke samapt hone ke bad kapas ke damoan mean bhari kami aee tatha vyapar mean tezi khatm ho gee. tab tak halaanki atahkshetr khole ja chuke the aur mumbee ayat vyapar ka mazaboot kendr ban chuka tha. 1869 mean svez nahar ke khulane ke sath hi mumbee mean samriddhi aee, halaanki janasankhya badhane ke sath-sath jhuggiyoan aur asvachchh sthitiyoan mean bhi kee guna vriddhi huee. 1896 mean yahaan pleg ka prakop phaila aur ne kshetroan mean bastiyaan basane v kamagar varg ke lie avas ki vyavastha karane ke lie siti ianproovameant trast ki sthapana ki gee. 525 hekteyar kshetr ko gherane ke lie tatabandh banane ki mahattvakaankshi yojana ka 1918 mean prastav kiya gaya, lekin dvitiy vishv yuddh ke bad bharat mean apane qism ki pahali dotarafa s dak netaji subhash marg, jo nariman pvaiant se malabar pvaiant tak hai, ke ban jane tak yah poora nahian ho saka. yuddh ke bad ke varshoan mean upanagariy kshetroan mean avasiy ikaiyoan ke vikas ki shuruat huee aur nagar nigam ke madhyam se mumbee nagar ke prashasan ko vrihat mumbee ke upanagaroan tak vistarit kiya gaya. yah shahar bhootapoorv bambe prezidensi v bambe rajy ki rajadhani rah chuka hai aur 1960 mean ise maharashtr rajy ki rajadhani banaya gaya.
19vian sadi ke ant v 20 shatabdi ke arambh mean mumbee bharatiy rashtravadi aur kshetriy rajanitik gatividhiyoan ka kendr tha. 1885 mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres (svatantrata prapti tak bharat samarthak aur british virodhi bhavanaoan ka kendriy dal) ka pahala adhiveshan is nagar mean hua, jisake bad 1942 ke adhiveshan mean kaangres ne 'bharat chho do' prastav parit kiya, jisase bharat ki poorn svatantrata ki maang ki gee thi. 1956 se 1960 tak mumbee mean mumbee rajy ke british upaniveshavad se virasat mean mile dvibhashiy (marathi--gujarati) svaroop ke khilaf vyapak virodh pradarshan hue aur isake bad vibhajan hua, jisase gujarat v maharashtr ke adhunik rajyoan ka nirman hua.
bijanes kepital aauph iandiya
mumbee ko pahale b aaumbe ke nam se jana jata tha. mumbee shahar ko bijanes kepital aauph iandiya ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yahaan desh ke pramukh vittiy aur sanchar kendr hai. bharat ka sabase b da sheyar bazar, jisaka vishv mean tisara sthan hai, mumbee mean hi sthit hai. mumbee bharat ke pashchimi samudr tat par sthit hai. yah arabiyan samudr ke sat dvipoan ka ek hissa hai. isalie ise sat tapuoan ka nagar bhi kaha jata hai. mumbee samany roop se sat dvipoan jinake nam kolaba, majagaanv, old vooman dvip, vadala, mahim, parel aur matooanga-sayan par sthit hai. [[chitr:Hotel-Taj-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|250px|left|hotal taj, mumbee]] sanh 1661 mean ianglaiand ke maharaja charlhs ne purtagal ki rajakumari kaitarina de brigeanja se shadi ki thi. shadi mean dahej ke roop mean charlhs ko bambee shahar mila tha, jo vartaman samay mean mumbee ke nam se jana jata hai. lekin sanh 1668 mean mumbee eest iandiya kampani ke hathoan mean chala gaya. sanh 1868 mean maharani viktoriya ne shahar ke prashasan ko eest iandiya kampani se vapas le liya.[1]
bhautik evan manav bhoogol
nagar ki sthiti
mumbee shahar prayadvipiy sthal par basa hua hai, jo moolatah pashchim bharat ke koankan tat ke pas sthit sat dvipikaoan se milakar bana hai. 17 vian shatabdi se apavah v bhoomi phir se hasil karane ki pariyojanaoan aur jalamargoan v jal avarodhakoan ke nirman ke karan ye dvipikaean milakar ek b de bhoobhag ka nirman karati haian, jise banbee dvip ke nam se jana jata tha. is dvip ke poorv mean mumbee bandaragah ka sthir jalakshetr hai. yah dvip nimn maidan se bana hai, jisaka ek chauthaee hissa samudr tal se bhi nicha hai; is maidan ke poorvi aur pashchimi kinaroan mean nichali paha diyoan ki do samanaantar parvatashreniyaan haian. inamean se lanbi parvatashreni dvara sudoor dakshin mean nirmit kolaba p aauiant mumbee bandaragah ko khule samudr se bachata hai. pashchimi parvatashreni malabar hil par samudr tal se 55 mitar ki ooanchaee par samapt hoti hai, jo mumbee ki sabase ooanche ilakoan mean se ek hai. in do parvat shreniyoan ke bich pashch kha di (baik be) ka chhichhala vistar hai. is kha di ke shirsh aur bandaragah ke bich kuchh ooanchi bhoopattikaoan par durg sthit hai, moolatah isi ke charoan or shahar ka vistar hua. ab yahaan mukhyatah sarvajanik evan vanijyik karyalay haian. pashch kha di se uttar ki or bhootal madhyavarti maidan ki disha mean dhalan vali hai. banbee ke sudoor uttar mean vishal khare daladal haian. [[chitr:Nehru-Planetarium-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|neharoo pleneteriyam, mumbee]] purana shahar dakshin mean kolaba se uttar mean mahim aursayan tak lagabhag 67 varg kimi mean phaila hua tha. 1950 mean salaget ke vishal dvip ko jalamarg dvara jo dakar mukhy kshetr mean shamil karake uttar ki or banbee ka vistar kiya gaya. 1957 tak vrihad banbee mean kee upanagariy nagarapalika kshetroan aur kuchh p dosi gavoan ko shamil kar liya gaya. usake bad se is mahanagar ka vistar jari hai. 1970 ke dashak ke aranbh mean bhi dabha d aur saghanata door karane ke prayas ke roop mean salaget dvip ko muanbee bandaragah ke mukhy jalakshetr thana krik par pul banakar mukhyabhoomi se jo d diya gaya. muanbee ka prakritik sauandary is kshetr ke kisi any shahar se behatar hai. samudr se bandaragah mean pravesh sthan se ek vishal drishy dikhaee deta hai, jisake kinaroan par mukhyabhoomi par sthit pashchimi ghat ki paha diyaan haian. beshumar chhote jalayanoan ki safed paloan se chamakata dvipoan se ghira chau da bandaragah jahazoan ko surakshit ashray pradan karata hai, visheshakar jab tatiy kshetr par toofan ki sthiti ho. bandaragah ke dvipoan mean sabase b da elifeta hai, jo chhathi shatabdi ke gufa mandiroan ke lie prasiddh hai.
is nagar mean pae jane vale samany vrikshoan mean nariyal, am, imali, aur baragad shamil haian. salaset dvip kabhi bagh, teandua, siyar aur hiran jaise vany praniyoan ka ashray tha, lekin ab ye prani yahaan nahian paye jate. yahaan ke prani jivan mean ab gay, bail, bhe d, bakari aur any palatoo prajatiyaan haian. yahaan pae jane vale pakshiyoan mean giddh, kabootar, saras aur battakh shamil haian. [[chitr:Elephanta-Caves-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|250px|left|elipheanta ki guphaean, mumbee]]
jalavayu
muanbee ki jalavayu garm aur ardr hai. yahaan char rrituean haian. disanbar se faravari tak sardi aur march se mee tak garmi ka mahina rahata hai. dakshin-pashchim mean m aaunasooni havaoan dvara hone vali varsha
joon se sitanbar tak hoti hai aur isake bad uttar m aaunasoon kal ata hai, jo aktoobar-navanbar tak rahata hai. is kal mean mausam phir se garm ho jata hai. ausat masik tapaman mee mean 33 digri se. se janavari mean 19 digri se. tak hota hai. ausat varshik varsha 1,800 mimi hai, jisamean se ausatan 610 mimi. varsha sirf julaee ke mahine mean hoti hai.
shahar ki sanrachana
thumb|250px|rajabaee ghantaghar, mumbee muanbee ke purane hisse zyada nirmit haian, lekin adhik samriddh kshetroan, jaise malabar hil mean kuchh hariyali hai. yahaan kee khule maidan v park haian. muanbee mean lagatar shaharikaran ke itihas ke karan shahar ke kee hissoan mean jhuggi bastiyaan ban geean haian. is shahar mean anek karakhanoan, badhate yatayat aur nikat sthit telashodhanashalaoan ke karan vayu evan jal pradooshan khatare ke star tak badh gaya hai. shahar ke dakshini hisse mean vittiy zila (purane fort banbee ke asapas) sthit hai. sudoor dakshin (kolaba ke asapas) aur pashchim mean netaji subhash chandr rod (marin draiv) tatha malabar hil avasi kshetr haian. fort kshetr ke uttar mean pramukh vyaparik zila hai, jo dhire-dhire vanijyik avasiy kshetr mean shamil ho raha hai. adhikaansh purane karakhane isi kshetr mean sthit haian. sudoor uttar mean avasiy kshetr haian aur unake bad hal hi mean vikasit audyogik kshetr aur jhuggi bastiyoan ke ilaqe haian.
yahaan avas mukhyatah niji svamitv vale haian, halaanki sarvajanik vitt nigamoan ke zariye sarakar dvara nirmit kuchh sarvajanik avas bhi haian. muanbee atyadhik bhi dabha d vala nagar hai aur atyadhik samriddh logoan ke alava baqi logoan ke avas ke lie kami rahati hai. isi karan vanijyik aur audyogik udyamoan ko madhy stariy vyavasayik, takaniki ya prabandhakiy karmachariyoan ko akarshit karane mean lagatar pareshani ho rahi hai. aantarik kshetr se akushal shramikoan ka lagatar pravas ho raha hai aur is nagar mean beghar v nirdhan logoan ki sankhya badh rahi hai. nagar ke yojanakar ise rokana chahate haian aur unhoanne udyamoan ko bandaragah ke doosari or isase lage nagar navi muanbee mean sthapit karane ka prayas kiya hai. isake lie nagar mean audyogik ikaiyoan ke vikas aur purani ikaiyoan ke vistar par pratibandh laga diya gaya hai. lekin udyamiyoan dvara apane udyog ko desh ke kisi any hisse mean le jane ki dhamaki ke karan is pratibandh ka b de paimane par ullanghan ho raha hai. muanbee ka vastushilp alankrit g aauthik shaili ka hai, jo 18vian aur 19vian shatabdiyoan ki visheshata thi. yahaan samakalin any rupaankan (dizain) bhi hai. purane prashasanik aur vanijyik bhavanoan ke sath gaganachuanbi v k aaunkrit se bani bahumanzila imaratean haian.
| varsh (tithi kram) | muanbee ka aitihasik vivaran |
|---|
janajivan
1940 ke dashak se muanbee ka vikas asadharan to nahian, lekin ek saman raha hai. 20vian sadi ki shuruat mean yahaan ki janasankhya 8 lakh 50 hazar thi. 1941 mean yah duguni hokar 16 lakh 95 hazar ho gee hai. parivar niyojan karyakramoan ke karan is shahar mean janmadar desh ke any hissoan se kafi kam hai aur janasankhya vikas ki ooanchi dar ka mukhy karan rozagar ki khoj mean yahaan ane vale log haian. muanbee vishv ki sabase adhik saghan abadi vale kshetroan mean se ek hai. 1981 mean gretar muanbee ka ausat ghanatv 13,500 log prati varg kimi tha. shahar ke adhikaansh purane hissoan mean ghanatv is ausat se lagabhag tin guna adhik tha, halaanki pashch kha di ke pas sthit giragaanv, bhiandi bazar aur bhuleshvar mean ghanatv kam hai. nagar ke kuchh bhitari hissoan mean ghanatv lagabhag 3,86,100 vyakti prati varg kimi hai, jo shayad duniya ka adhikatam ghanatv hai.
muanbee ka charitr sahi mayanoan mean mahanagariy hai aur yahaan lagabhag sabhi dharmoan tatha vishv ke sabhi kshetroan ke log rahate haian. yahaan ki lagabhag adhi abadi hianduoan ki hai, lekin islam, eesaee, bauddh, jain, sikkh, parasi aur yahoodi dharm ke log bhi yahaan maujood haian. muanbee mean lagabhag sabhi bharatiy bhashaean aur kee videshi bhashaean boli jati haian. rajakiy bhasha marathi pramukh sthaniy bhasha hai, isake bad gujarati aur hindi ka sthan hai. thumb|250px|banbee st aauk ekscheanj, mumbee
arthavyavastha
mumbee bharat ki arthik dhuri evan vanijyik v vittiy kendr hai. kuchh mayanoan mean isaki arthik sanrachana bharat mean nabhikiy aur puratan kaloan ke sanyojan ko pradarshit karati hai. is nagar mean bharatiy paramanu oorja ayog sthit hai, jisamean paramanu riaiktar aur plootoniyam vilagnak sthit hai. nagar ke kee hissoan mean ab bhi eeandhan aur oorja ke paramparik jaivik sadhanoan ka istemal hota hai.
udyog
sooti vastr udyog, jisake karan 19vian shatabdi mean yah nagar samriddh hua. ab bhi mahattvapoorn hai, lekin ab isaka patan ho raha hai, kyoanki kee sooti vastr miloan ko roogn ikaee ghoshit kar diya gaya haian ne vikasashil udyogoan mean dhatu, rasayan, vahan, ilektraniks, ianjiniyariang aur kee prakar ke sahayak udyam shamil haian. shady prasanskaran, kagaz —nirman, chhapaee aur prakashan jaise shahari udyog bhi rozagar ke avasar upalabdh karane mean sahayak haian. seva aur anaupacharik kshetr mean 20vian shatabdi ke antim dashak mean kafi vistar hua hai. [[chitr:Nariman-Point-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|250px|left|nariman paiant, mumbee]]
vanijy aur vitt
desh ka kendriy baiank bharatiy rizarv baiank, kee any vyavasayik baiank aur sarakari bandoan v niji sheyaroan mean desh ke sarvajanik kshetr ka sabase b da niveshak rashtriyakrit udyam bharatiy jivan bima nigam aur dirghakalin nivesh se ju de pramukh vittiy sansthan mumbee mean sthit haian. is karan is shahar mean kee vittiy aur vyaparik sevaean upalabdh haian. mumbee stak eksachenj desh ka agrani stak aur sheyar bazar hai. halaanki azadi ke bad desh bhar mean kee arthik kendr panape haian, jisake karan is eksachenj ka utana mahattv nahian raha. phir bhi vittiy v any vyaparik karobar ke mamale mean yah pramukh kendr hai aur desh ki arth-vyavastha ke paimane ki bhoomika nibhata hai.
parivahan
[[chitr:Mumbai-Chhatrapati-Shivaji-Terminus.jpg|thumb|250px|chhatrapati shivaji tarminas, mumbee]] mumbee s dak sanjal dvara bharat ke any hissoan se ju da hua hai. yah pashchim tatha madhy relave ka mukhyalay hai aur is nagar se chalane vali relaga diyaan bharat ke sabhi hissoan tak saman v yatriyoan ko le jati haian. chhatrapati shivaji aantarrashtriy havaee adda kee videshi havaee sevaoan ke agaman ka mahattvapoorn sthal hai. jabaki nikatasth santakrooz havaee adde se ghareloo u danean bhari jati haian. mumbee mean bharat ke aantarrashtriy havaee yatayat ka 60 pratishat aur ghareloo yatayat ka lagabhag 40 pratishat hissa kendrit hai.
yahaan ke bandaragah par upalabdh suvidhaoan ne mumbee ko desh ka pramukh pashchimi bandaragah bana diya hai. halaanki pashchimi tat par mumbee ke uttar mean kaandala aur dakshin mean gova v kochchi jaise kee any pramukh bandaragah ban ge haian, lekin yahaan se ab bhi bharat ke samudri vyapar ka 40 pratishat hissa sanchalit hota hai. do upanagariy vidyut relapranaliyaan mukhy sarvajanik parivahan upalabdh karati haian aur roz mahanagariy kshetr ke lakhoan logoan ko dhoti haian. mumbee mean nagarapalika ke svamitv vali bas seva bhi hai.
kaise pahuanche
vayu marg-
mumbee mean aanrtarashtriy aur ghareloo havaee adda hai. in donoan havaee addoan ke nam chhatrapati shivaji hai. aanrtarashtriy trarminal sahar mean sthit hai. jo shahar ke kendr ke uttar se lagabhag tis kilomitar ki doori par sthit hai. jabaki ghareloo tarminal seanta krooj mean sthit hai, jo keval char kilomitar ki doori par sthit hai.
rel marg-
mumbee mean lokamany tilak tarminal (elatiti) aur dadar steshan hai. sitisi mukhy steshan hai, jahaan par adhikatar relean rukati hai. sabase pramukh relave steshan viktoriya relave steshan hai. jise ab chhtrapati shivaji nam se jana hai. any relave steshan charchaget aur kurala mean sthit hai.
s dak marg-
keandriy relave steshan ke viparit hi rajy parivahan tarminal sthit hai. yahaan se bharat yatra ke lie asani se bas mil jaeangi. lekin yadi apako hindi aur marathi ki janakari nahian hai aur apake pas aangrezi mean bhi chhapi huee janakari nahian hai to yah apake lie achchha vikalp nahian hai. vaise adhikatar sabhi p dosi rajy jaise gova, gujarat, karnatak aur madhy pradesh adi ke rajy bas kampani karyalay yahaan par sthit hai.[1]
prashasanik evan samajik visheshataean
sarakar
maharashtr ki rajadhani ke roop mean yah shahar rajy prashasan ka samekit rajanitik khand hai, jisake mukhyalay ko mantralay kaha jata hai. rajy sarakar pulis bal ko niyantrit karati hai aur nagar ke kuchh vibhagoan par prashasanik niyantran rakhati hai. dak evan teligraf pranali, rel, bandaragah aur havaee addoan jaise sanchar sadhanoan par kendr sarakar ka niyantran hai. thumb|250px|left|b aaumbe uchch nyayalay mumbee mean bharatiy nausena ki pashchimi kaman ka mukhyalay bhi hai aur yah bharatiy flaigaship ka bes bhi hai. shahar ka prashasan vrihad (gretar) mumbee ke poornatahsvayatt nagar nigam ke aantargat hai. isaki vidhayi sanstha ka nirvachan har char varsh mean vayask matadhikar dvara hota hai aur yah vibhinn sthayi samitiyoan ke madhyam se kam karati hai. rajy sarakar ke dvara tin varshoan ke lie niyukt mukhy karyakari yahaan ka nigam ayukt hota hai. mahapaur ka chunav har varsh nagar nigam dvara kiya jata hai; mahapaur nigam ki baithakoan ki adhyakshata karata hai aur shahar mean sarvadhik sammanit mana jata hai, lekin vastutah usake pas koee satta nahian hoti. 1885 mean kaangres ke pratham sthapana adhiveshan mumbee mean uttar pradesh se bhag lene vale mukhy pratinidhi gangaprasad varma the.
janasuvidhaean
thumb|250px|breborn stediyam, mumbee nigam ke kee karyoan mean chikitsa seva, shiksha, jalapoorti, agnishaman, kachare ki vyavastha, bazar, udyan aur ianjiniyariang pariyojanaoan ka, jaise nikas tatha s dakoan v galiyoan mean prakash vyavastha ko behatar banana, kam shamil haian. nagar nigam shahar mean yatayat pranali aur vidyut apoorti ko sanchalit karata hai.
yahaan sarakar aur niji kshetr ki ejeansiyoan ke dvara ek grid pranali ke zariye bijali shahar mean vitarit ki jati hai. jalapoorti vyavastha bhi nagar nigam ke dvara sanchalit ki jati hai aur yah mukhyatah nikatasth thane zile ki taansa jhil, tulasi v vihar jhiloan se prapt kiya jata hai. moolatah jalapoorti ke lie nirmit pavee jhil karagar sabit nahian huee, kyoanki isaka pani pine yogy nahian hai.
svasthy
is shahar mean 100 se adhik aspatal haian, jinamean kendr, rajy sarakar aur nigam sansthaoan dvara sanchalit aspatal aur kee (kshay-rog, kainsar aur hriday rogoan ke lie) vishesh sansthan shamil haian, yahaan par kee agrani niji aspatal bhi haian. yahaan hefakain ianstityoot bhi hai, jo ek agrani baiktiriya anusandhan kendr hai, ise ushnakatibandhiy bimariyoan mean vishishtata prapt hai.
suraksha
shahar ke pulis bal ka pramukh pulis ayukt hota hai, jo mumbee mean qanoon evan vyavastha ke lie zimmedar hota hai, prashasanik roop se vah rajy ke grih sachiv ke prati javabadeh hota hai.
shiksha
mumbee ki saksharata dar samooche rashtr ki saksharata dar se kafi adhik haian. prathamik shiksha muft v anivary hai aur yah nagar nigam ka dayitv hai. madhyamik shiksha sarakari v niji vidyalayoan dvara sarakar ki dekharekh mean karaee jati hai. yahaan sarvajanik evan niji paliteknik v sansthan haian, jo vidyarthiyoan ko yaantriki, vidyut tatha rasayanik ianjiniyari mean vibhinn digri v diploma dete haian. kendr sarakar ke dvara sanchalit bharatiy praudyogiki sansthan (aee. aee. ti.) bhi yahaan par sthit hai. any ianjiniyariang k aaulejoan mean:- [[chitr:Marine-Drive-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|300px|marin draeev, mumbee]]
- saradar patel k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang
- viramata jijabaee teknolazikal ianstityoot
- ke. ji. es. k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang
- em. ech. es. es. k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang
- di. je. es. k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang
- thodomal shahi ianjiniyariang k aaulej
- vivekanand ianstityoot aauf teknolozi shamil haian.
1857 mean sthapit bambe vishvavidyalay se sambaddh kala, vijnan, vanijy v shiksha sambandhi mahavidyalay, chikitsa, homiyopaithi, yoonani chikitsa, farmesi v dant chikitsa mahavidyalay, vastushilp, sharirik shiksha evan prabandhan sansthan haian. mumbee mean mahilaoan ke lie es. en. di. ti. vishvavidyalay bhi hai. 1857 mean sthapit mumbee vishvavidyalay se bahut se mahavidyalay aur kee shikshan vibhag ju de hue haian. gova mean sthit bahut se mahavidyalay is vishvavidyalay se sambaddh haian.
saanskritik jivan
mumbee ka saanskritik jivan isaki jatiy vividhatayukt janasankhya ko pratibimbit karata hai. shahar mean bahut se sangrahalay, pustakalay, sahityik evan kee any saanskritik sansthan, kala, dirghaean v rangashalaean haian. bharat ka koee any shahar apani saanskritik evan manoranjan suvidhaoan ke mamale mean itani uchch shreni ki vividhata aur gunavatta ka shayad hi dava kar sake. mumbee bharatiy film udyog ka gadh hai. [[chitr:Flora-Fountain-Mumbai.jpg|thumb|250px|left|flora fauanten, mumbee]] sal bhar yahaan pashchimi v bharatiy sangit sammelan evan mahotsav aur bharatiy nrity karyakram ayojit kie jate haian. iando—sarsenik vastushilp ki ek imarat mean d prians af vels myooziyam af vestarn iandiya hai, jisamean kala, puratattv v prakritik itihas ke tin pramukh vibhag haian. nikat hi jahaangir art gailari hai, jo mumbee ki pahali sthayi kala dirgha hai aur saanskritik v shaikshik gatividhiyoan ka kendr hai. mumbee bharatiy mudran udyog ka mahattvapoorn kendr hai aur yahaan sashakt pres hai. yahaan aangrezi, marathi, hindi, gujarati, sindhi v urdoo mean samachar patr prakashit hote haian. bahut-si masik, pakshik v saptahik patrikaean bhi yahaan se prakashit hoti haian. al-iandiya rediyo (akashavani) ka kshetriy kendr bhi mumbee mean hi hai aur is shahar ke lie dooradarshan sevaean 1972 mean shuroo hueean. shahar ke uttar mean krishnagiri van ek rashtriy udyan aur chhuttiyaan bitane ke lie khoobasoorat sairagah hai, kanheri gufaoan ke nikat ek prachin bauddh vishvavidyalay tha, yahaan 100 se adhik gufaoan mean doosari se nauvian shatabdi tak ke vishalakay bauddh moortishilp haian. yahaan par kee sarvajanik udyan haian. jisamean jijamata udyan shamil hai, yahaan par mumbee ka chi diyaghar sthit hai, yahaan par baipatista gardan bhi hai, jo mazagaanv mean ek jalashay par sthit hai; isake alava malabar hil par sthit firozashah mehata gardan, kamala neharoo park v slopiang park haian. samooche bharat mean lokapriy krikret ke maich bharatiy kriket klav (breborn stediyam) aur vanakhe de stediyam mean khele jate haian. dau d v saikil chalan pratiyogitaean vallabh bhaee patel stediyam mean ayojit ki jati hai. snan v tairaki ke lie juhoo samudr tat ek prasiddh sthan hai.
bhojan
thumb|250px|borivali, mumbee mumbee mean kolaba b de miyaan, musaphir khanan gulashan-e-eeran, haji ali joos seantar, shiv sagar joohoo sthit hai. yah sab araban t daka ke lie prasiddh hai. ch aaukalet chay ke lie dadar sthit pashchim steshan ja sakate haian. jabaki pani poori ke lie baandra ke karachi svit jaya ja sakata hai. garm poha aur saboodana v da ke lie mahapalika marg ja sakate haian. horniman sarkal ke najadik apoorva mean mangaloriyan siphrood ka maja le sakate haian. bhiandi bazar aur noor mohammadi mean ramajan ke mahine mean yahaan s dak kinare lagane vali reh di se phirani aur malapua ka svad chakh sakate haian. svati snaiks jo taradiyo marg mean sthit hai. bharat ke behatarin snaiks milate haian. sindhudvar jo ar.ke. vidya ro d, dadar pashchim mean sthit hai; machhali ke liye prasiddh hai. isake alava yahaan ke chi dava aur laddoo ka svad bhi le sakate hai. bahut hi kam dam mean dakshin bharatiy shakahari khane ke lie ramanayak uddupi, matooanga keandriy steshan ke samip. agar ap baandra (pashchim) mean hai to lakki restaraan mean ja sakate haian. yah rastaraan birayani se lie prasiddh hai. gaandhi nagar sthit gomaantak haeeve, apana bazar, baandra (poorv) mean kokarni ke vibhinn vyanjan parose jate haian. isake alava kokarni khane ke lie sayaba, baandra (poorv) mean sthit hai. [1]
kharidadari
mumbee mean kharidadari karana ek yadagar anubhav ho sakata hai. yahaan lagane vale bazaroan mean chor bazar, matan strit aur javari bazar prasiddh hai. chor bazar se asadharan se prachin, abhooshan, lak di ki vastuean, cham de ka saman aur samany chhoti-moti vastuean asani se mil jaegi. krophord bazar phooloan, phal, mit aur machhali ke lie prasiddh hai. vahian javari bazar se sashte damoan mean abhooshan kharide ja sakate haian. rangin aur nav-nirman galiche ke lie meyaravedar marg, taj mahal hotal ke pichhe ja sakate haian. lekin yahaan milane vale galichoan ki kimat bahut adhik hai. kap doan ki kharidadari ke lie seantral k aautej iandastari imporiyam (apolo bandar) aur khadi vilej iandastari imporiyam (di.en.ro d) ja sakate haian. yahaan bilkul nishchit kimat par kap de milate haian. lekin yahaan milane vale kap de behatarin kism ke hote haian. glaimaras chizoan ki kharid ke lie kims k aaurnar, vardan ro d, brich keandi aur nepin si ro d sabase behatarin jagahoan mean se hai. isake alava itr, kashida aur jari ke kam vo bhi hath se bane hue chizoan ke lie prasiddh mohammad ali ro d mean bahut sari dukanean hai. mumbee 20 mean vibhinn dijainaroan jaise hoogo b aaus, piri kardin, aramani, polo sport aur any bahut se dijainaroan ke braand yahaan mil jaeangean.[1]
janasankhya
mumbee ki janasankhya (2001) 33,26,837 hai aur mumbee upanagariy kshetr ki janasankhya 85,87,561 hai.
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vithika
Panoramic View Of Flora Fountain]]
- chitr:Trimurti-Elephanta-Caves.jpg
trimoorti, elipheanta ki guphaean, mumbee
- chitr:Essel-World.jpg
esel varlhd, mumbee
- chitr:Chhatrapati-Shivaji-Terminus.jpg
chhatrapati shivaji tarminas, mumbee
- chitr:Jogeshwari-Cave-Mumbai.jpg
jogeshhvari gufa, mumbee
- chitr:Hanging-Garden-Mumbai.jpg
heangig gardan, mumbee
- chitr:Juhu-Beach-Mumbai.jpg
juhoo chaupati, mumbee
- chitr:Haji-Ali-Dargah.jpg
haji ali daragah, mumbee
- chitr:Mumbai-Tiffin-Wallah.jpg
mumbee ka tifin vala
- chitr:Kanheri-Caves-Mumbai.jpg
kanheri gufaean, mumbee
- chitr:Mount-Mary-Church-Mumbai.jpg
mauant meri charch, mumbee
- chitr:The-Prince-Of-Wales-Museum-Mumbai.jpg
d prians aauf vels sangrahalay, mumbee
- chitr:Taraporewala-Aquarium-Mumbai.jpg
taraporavala ekveriyam, mumbee
- chitr:Mumba-Devi-Temple-Mumbai.jpg
muanba devi mandir, mumbee
- chitr:Kanheri-Caves-Mumbai-2.jpg
kanheri gufaean, mumbee
- chitr:Arnala.jpg
aranala durg, muanbee
- chitr:Sanjay-Gandhi-National-Park.jpg
sanjay gaandhi rashtriy udyan, muanbee
- chitr:Versova-Beach-Mumbai.jpg
varasova tat, muanbee
- chitr:Mumbai-University.jpg
- chitr:Hotel-Taj-Mumbai-1.jpg
hotal taj, mumbee
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
