इंदिरा गाँधी का राजनीतिक जीवन

iandira gaandhi vishay soochi

iandira gaandhi    jivan parichay    vidyarthi jivan    dampaty jivan    rajanitik jivan    pradhanamantritv kal    desh ka vikas    apatakal

[[chitr:Indira-Gandhi-4.jpg|thumb|250px|iandira gaandhi ki pratima, kolakata
Statue Of Indira Gandhi, Kolkata]] iandira gaandhi bharat ki pratham mahila pradhanamantri ke roop mean apani pratibha aur rajanitik dridhata ke lie 'vishvarajaniti' ke itihas mean jani jati haian. iandira priyadarshini ko parivar ke mahaul mean rajanitik vicharadhara virasat mean prapt huee thi. yahi karan hai ki pati firoz gaandhi ki mrityu se poorv hi iandira gaandhi pramukh rajanitijn ban gee thian. kaangres parti ki karyakarini mean unaka chayan 1955 mean hi ho gaya tha. vah kaangres sansadiy mandal ki bhi sadasya rahian. pandit neharoo unake sath rajanitik paramarsh karate aur un paramarshoan par amal bhi karate the.

parti mean iandira gaandhi ka qad

1957 ke am chunav ke samay pandit neharoo ne jahaan lalabahadur shastri ko kaangresi ummidavaroan ke chayan ki zimmedari di thi, vahian iandira gaandhi ka sath shastri ji ko prapt hua tha. shastri ji ne iandira gaandhi ke paramarsh ka dhyan rakhate hue pratyashi tay kie the. lokasabha aur vidhanasabha ke lie jo ummidavar iandira gaandhi ne chune the, unamean se lagabhag sabhi vijayi hue aur achchhe rajanitijn bhi sabit hue. is karan parti mean iandira gaandhi ka qad kafi badh gaya tha. lekin isaki vajah iandira gaandhi ke pita pandit neharoo ka pradhanamantri hona hi nahian tha, balki iandira mean vyaktigat yogyataean bhi thian.

kaangres ki adhyaksh

iandira gaandhi ko rajanitik roop se age badhane ke arop us samay pandit neharoo par lage. 1959 mean jab iandira ko kaangres ka adhyaksh banaya gaya to kee alochakoan ne dabi juban se pandit neharoo ko parti mean parivaravad phailane ka doshi thaharaya tha. lekin ve alochana itani mukhar nahian thi ki unaki batoan par tavajjo di jati. vastutah iandira gaandhi ne samaj, parti aur desh ke lie mahattvapoorn kary kie the. unhean aantarrashtriy star par pahachan prapt thi. videshi rajanayik bhi unaki prashansa karate the. is karan alochana doodh mean uthe jhag ki tarah baith gee. kaangres adhyaksha ke roop mean iandira gaandhi ne apane kaushal se kee samasyaoan ka nidan kiya. unhoanne nari shakti ko mahattv dete hue unhean kaangres parti mean mahattvapoorn pad pradan kie. yuva shakti ko lekar bhi unhoanne abhootapoorv nirnay lie. iandira gaandhi 42 varsh ki umr mean kaangres adhyaksha bani thian.

parti ke sammukh samasyaean

iandira gaandhi jab kaangres ki adhyaksha banian to us samay parti ke sammukh do b di samasyaean thian-

pahali samasya

ek samasya thi muanbee ki, jahaan marathi aur gujarati kafi sankhya mean the. marathi aur gujarati bhasha ke karan hi donoan samudayoan mean paraspar sauhardr bhav nahian tha. isaka karan yah tha ki gujarati log muanbee ko apana manate the aur marathi log apana jabaki us samay ki muanbee desh ki arthik rajadhani kahi jati thi. yah mudda atyant sanvedanashil tha. isi karan use san 1959 tak nahian sulajhaya ja saka.

sach to yah hai ki netagan bhi is mudde ko thande baste mean dale rakhana chahate the. bhashaee adhar par pahale bhi aandolan hote rahe jo hiansak bhi ho uthate the. phir moraraji desaee gujarati the aur kaangres parti mean unaka qad b da tha. lekin iandira gaandhi ne is samasya ko jas ka tas banae rakhane ke bajay isaka nidan karana hi uchit samajha. us samay muanbee ek rajy tha aur gujarat tatha maharashtr donoan isamean ate the. aise mean iandira gaandhi ne rajy sarakar par dabav banakar muanbee rajy ka vibhajan kar diya. muanbee rajy ke vibhajan ke bad do rajy astitv mean ae. ek rajy gujarat bana, jisaki rajadhani ahamadabad huee aur doosara rajy maharashtr bana, jisaki rajadhani muanbee shahar ko banaya gaya. vibhajan ko lekar jo nakaratmak poorvagrah the. ve sabhi vyarth sabit hue. vibhajan ke bad gujarat tatha maharashtr ne kafi unnati bhi ki. sabase achchhi bat to yah thi ki vibhajan ke bad donoan samudayoan ke prem mean bahut izafa hua. donoan rajyoan ne desh ki arthik unnati mean bhi ullekhaniy yogadan dena aranbh kar diya.

doosari samasya

isi prakar doosari samasya thi keral ki, jahaan samyavadi sarakar shasan kar rahi thi. parti adhyaksha iandira gaandhi ne keral ki sarakar ko barkhast kar diya. iandira gaandhi parti adhyaksha ke roop mean kafi saphal rahian. unhean parti ke adhyaksh ka karyabhar do varshoan ke lie pun: sauanpa gaya. lekin iandira gaandhi ne ek varsh bad hi kaangres adhyaksha ka pad chho d diya. us samay vipakshi rajanitijn aksar kaha karate the, pita banae ge pradhanamantri aur beti ko bana diya parti adhyaksh. iandira ji ko is prakar ki tika-tippani achchhi nahian lagati thi. iandira gaandhi ka jo bhi rajanitik jivan pandit neharoo ke samay mean raha, use ek prakar se pandit neharoo ki pradhanamantritv shakti ka parinam mana gaya. neharoo ji ki mrityu ke pashchath yah mana ja raha tha ki parti ke dhurandhar neta iandira gaandhi ko hashiye par dhakel deange.

kaangres ka vibhajan

[[chitr:Indira-Gandhi-Museum-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|iandira gaandhi sangrahalay, dilli
Indira Gandhi Museum, Delhi]] iandira gaandhi pun: pradhanamantri ban gee lekin siandiket ka parabhav lanbe samay tak nahian chala. kamaraj aur es. ke. patil up chunavoan ke madhyam se vijayi hokar saansad ban ge. unhoanne moraraji desaee ko apane sath milakar siandiket ko pun: mazaboot bana liya. aise mean siandiket ne dava kiya ki kaangres ka pradhanamantri parti se oopar nahian hai aur parti ki nitiyoan ke anusar hi pradhanamantri ko shasan karane ka adhikar hota hai. 1967 ke aant mean kamaraj ka adhyakshiy karyakal samapt hona tha. iandira gaandhi ko yah ummid bandhi ki parti ka naya adhyaksh pad nijaliangappa ke supurd ho gaya. siandiket ne tay kar liya ki iandira gaandhi ko pradhanamantri pad se hatakar siandiket ke kisi vafadar vyakti ko is pad par niyukt kiya jae. moraraji desaee ne pradhanamantri banane ke lie apani razamandi bhi de di. iandira gaandhi bhi khatare ko bhaanp chuki thi. lekin upayukt avasar ka iantazar karane lagian. vah svayan pahala var nahian karana chahati thian. unhean yah avasar mee 1967 mean tab prapt hua jab d aauktar zakir husain ki rashtrapati pad par karyakal ke dauran mrityu ho gee. ne rashtrapati ke chunav ne yah bhoomika banaee ki iandira gaandhi ar-par ki l daee l d sakean. tab siandiket ne ne rashtrapati ke roop mean nilam sanjiv reddi ka nam prastavit kiya. phir kaangres ki or se unaka namaankan bhi kar diya gaya.

aandolan

iandira par parivar ke vatavaran ka kafi prabhav p da tha. un dinoan anand bhavan svatantrata senaniyoan ka akha da bana hua tha. vahaan desh ki azadi ko lekar vibhinn prakar ki mantranaean ki jati thian. aur azadi ke lie yojanaean banaee jati thian taki aangrezoan ke virodh ke sath hi bharatiy janata ko bhi sangharsh ke lie jagrat kiya ja sake. yah sab balika iandira bhi dekh samajh rahi thi. jab desh mean videshi vastuoan ke bahishkar ka aandolan chal raha tha aur videshi vastuoan ki holiyaan jalaee ja rahian thian tab balika iandira bhi kisi se pichhe nahian rahi.

videshi vastuoan ke bahishkar ka aandolan

iandira ne bhi apane tamam videshi kap doan ko agni dikha di aur khadi ke vastr dharan karane lagi. jab iandu ko toka gaya ki tumhari gu diyaan bhi to videshi haian, tum unaka kya karogi. tab iandu ne b de pyar se saheje ge un khilaunoan ko bhi agni dikha di. beshak aisa karana kathin tha kyoanki pratyek khilaune aur gudde gu diya se iandira ka ek bhavanatmak rishta ban gaya tha jo ekaki jivan mean unaka ekamatr sahara tha. iandu apane parivar ke sangharsh ki bhi gavah banian. 1931 mean jab inaki mata kamala neharoo ko giraftar kar liya gaya tab yah matr 14 varsh ki balika thian. pita pahale se hi karagar mean the. isase samajha ja sakata hai ki iandu namak balika apane apako kis had tak akela mahasoos karati rahi hogi. beshak anand bhavan mean naukaroan ki kami nahian thi lekin mata-pita ki maujoodagi se bachchoan ko suraksha ki jo dhal anayas prapt hoti hai, usaki apeksha naukaroan se kadapi nahian ki ja sakati. bachche apani jin jijnasaoan ko mata-pita ke jnan se abhijnat karate haian, usaki poorti naukar nahian kar sakate the.

khadi ke vastr

iandira ko khanapan ki aniyamitata ka bhi samana karana p da aur unaki padhaee bhi badhit huee yah avashy hai ki dada pandit motilal neharoo aur poti iandira ka kafi vaqt ek sath gujarata tha. lekin dada bhi apani poti ko paryapt samay nahian de pate the. unhean karyakartaoan ke sath vyast rahana p data tha. lekin ek samay aisa bhi aya jab aangrezoan ne pandit motilal neharoo ko bhi giraftar karake jel bhej diya aise mean iandu ki manodasha ki kalpana sahaj hi ki ja sakati hai. ab akeli iandu apana samay kis prakar vyatit karati? samay bitane ke lie vah apane pita ki nakal karane lagi. usane apane pita ko karyakartaoan ko sanbodhit karate hue suna tha. is karan usane bhi hamumr bachchoan ko ekatr karake bhashan dene ka kary aranbh kar diya. bhashan dete samay vah mej par kh di ho jati thi aur mej dvara manch ka kary liya jata tha. is samay vah khadi ke vastr aur gaandhi topi prayog karati thi. is prakar bachapan mean hi sangharshoan ki dhoop ne iandira gaandhi ko yah samajha diya tha ki koee bhi chiz asani se upalabdh nahian hoti. usaki prapti ke lie iansan ko dridh pratijn hona chahie.

vanar sena ka gathan

rajaneta aur janasadharan, donoan hi azadi ke andolanoan mean barabar ke bhagidar the. nanhi iandira ke dil par in sabhi ghatanaoan ka amit prabhav p da aur 13 varsh ki alpayu mean hi unhoanne 'vanar sena' ka gathan kar apane iradoan ko spasht kar diya. is prakar iandira ka bachapan vishay paristhitiyoan se charitrik gunoan ko prapt kar raha tha. bhavishy़ mean iandu ne jo fauladi vyaktitv prapt kiya tha, vah pratikool paristhitiyoan se hi nirmit hua tha. iandu ne apane kishoravay mean svadhinata sangram mean vibhinn prakar se sakriy sahayog bhi pradan kiya tha. unhoanne bachchoan ke sahayog se vanar sena ka nirman bhi kiya tha jisaka netritv vah svayan karati thian. vanar sena ke sadasyoan ne desh seva ki shapath bhi li thi svatantrata aandolan mean is vanar sena ne aandolanakariyoan ki kee prakar se madad ki thi. kraantikariyoan tak mahattvapoorn soochanaean bhi inake madhyam se pahuanchaee jati thian. sath hi samany janata ke madhy zaroori sandeshoan ke parche bhi inake dvara vitarit kie jate the. iandira ki is vanar sena ka mahattv is bat se samajha ja sakata hai ki matr ilahabad mean isake sadasyoan ki sankhya paanch hazar thi. ek bar iandu ne apane pita se jel mean bheant karane ke dauran avashyak likhit dastavejoan ka sanpreshan bhi kiya tha. is prakar balika iandira ne bachapan mean hi svadhinata ke lie sandharsh karate hue yah samajh liya tha. ki kisi bhi rashtr ke lie usaki azadi ka kitana adhik mahattv hota hai.

sudharavadi arthik karyakram

thumb|250px|iandira gaandhi sangrahalay
Indira Gandhi Museum siandiket chahati thi ki reddi ke rashtrapati chune jane ke bad iandira gaandhi ko pradhanamantri pad chho dane ke lie vivash kar diya jae. iandira gaandhi ko siandiket ki is chal ka poorvanuman tha. unhoanne tatkalin uparashtrapati vi.vi. giri ko rashtrapati ummidavar ke roop mean kh da kar diya. isase janata ke madhy unaki chhavi khandit huee ki vah parti ke viruddh ja rahi haian. lekin iandira gaandhi ko yah pata tha ki unhean age kya karana hai. lihaza unhoanne moraraji desaee se vitt mantralay vapas le liya. ab iandira gaandhi ne vitt mantralay apane pas rakhate hue kee arthik karyakram chalae. unhoanne desh ke mahattvapoorn 14 baiankoan ka rashtriyakaran kar diya taki ve sarakar ki arthik niti ke anusar acharan kar sakean.

iandira gaandhi ne doosara qadam yah uthaya ki bhootapoorv raja-maharajaoan ko jo b di rashi privipars ke roop mean milati a rahi thi, usaki samapti ki ghoshana kar di. in b de do qadamoan ke karan janata ke madhy iandira gaandhi ki ek sudharavadi pradhanamantri ki chhavi qayam huee aur unaki lokapriyata ka graf ekadam hi uchhal gaya. garib, dalit, madhyam varg aur buddhijivi varg sabhi ne iandira gaandhi ke sudharavadi qadamoan ki jamakar prashansa ki. idhar siandiket ne iandira gaandhi par zor dala ki vah nilam sanjiv reddi ke rashtrapati chunav hetu 'vhip' jari karean. lekin unhoanne iankar kar diya aur aantaratma ki avaz par yogy ummidavar ko vot dene ki apil ki. iandira gaandhi ne apani sudridh chhavi banakar vi.vi giri ke lie marg saf kar diya. vi. vi. giri rashtrapati ke roop mean nirvachit hue aur siandiket ko pun: muhan ki khani p di.

12 navanbar, 1967 ko iandira gaandhi ko pradhanamantri pad par rahate hue parti se nishkasit kar diya. is prakar ve unhean pradhanamantri pad se apadasth karana chahate the. jo vyakti parti ki sadasyata se nishkasit ho chuka ho, vah us parti ki or se pradhanamantri kaise rah sakata tha? isake javab mean iandira gaandhi ne kaangres parti ko vibhajit kar diya. unhoanne apani kaangres ko kaangres-ar (rikvisishanist) karar diya jabaki siandiket ki kaangres ko kaangres-o (argenaijeshan) nam prapt ho gaya.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif aj tak bharat ke jitane bhi pradhanamantri hue haian. un sabhi ki anek visheshataean ho sakati haian. lekin iandira gaandhi ke roop mean jo pradhanamantri bharat ko prapt hua, vaisa pradhanamantri abhi tak doosara nahian hua hai kyoanki ek pradhanamantri ke roop mean iandira gaandhi ne vibhinn chunautiyoan ka muqabala karane mean saphalata prapt ki. yuddh ho, vipaksh ki nitiyaan hoan, kootaniti ka aantarrashtriy maidan ho athava desh ki koee samasya ho- iandira gaandhi ne svayan ko saphal sabit kiya. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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iandira gaandhi ki parti mean siandiket ki parti se zyada sadasy sankhya thi. is karan vah pradhanamantri, sath hi apani parti ki adhyaksh bhi bani rahian. lekin iandira gaandhi ab siandiket se poori tarah mukt ho jana chahati thian. isake lie yah avashyak tha ki vah pun: janadesh lean aur nee parti adhyaksh ke roop mean chunav sabha mean jaean. madhyavadhi chunav ki ghoshana karane se poorv iandira gaandhi ne kuchh aise karyoan ko sanpadit kiya jisase chunavoan ke dauran unhean labh mil sake. unhoanne madhyavadhi chunav ki ghoshana se poorv nimnavat qadam uthae.

• baiankoan ke rashtriyakaran ka kary poorn kiya gaya. sansad mean bahumat tha aur rashtrapati vi.vi. giri ne adhyadesh ko svikrit kar liya. isake poorv nyayalay ne baiankoan ke rashtriyakaran ko avaidh thaharaya tha. baikoan ke rashtriyakaran ke bad bharat sarakar ki rashtriy arthik niti ke aantargat samajik sarokar ke kary hone lage. madhyam varg tatha alp madhyam varg ke logoan ko rozagaraparak rrin milane ka marg saf ho gaya.
• bhoomi hadabandi yojana ko poori shakti ke sath lagoo kiya gaya. isase garib kisanoan ko achchha labh mila.
• agast 1970 mean raja-maharajaoan ko diya jane vala privipars samapt kar diya gaya. is prakar karo doan rupayoan ki bachat sanbhav huee aur yah dhan desh ke sarvahara varg ke kam aya. iandira gaandhi ke is qadam ka gariboan aur shoshit varg ke logoan ne kafi samarthan kiya.
• chauthi panchavarshiy yojana ko lagoo kiya gaya taki pandit neharoo ne rashtr ke vikas ka jo madhyam taiyar kiya tha, use kriyaanvit kiya ja sake. chauthi panchavarshiy yojana bajat dugana kar diya gaya.

is prakar iandira gaandhi ne lok kalyanakari karyoan ke madhyam se janata ke madhy apani ek nee pahachan qayam ki. lekin unake vishvast saansadoan ki sthiti paryapt nahian thi. vah chahati thian ki ne vidheyakoan ke lie unhean doosari partiyoan ka muanh n takana p de. is prakar chunav se poorv iandira gaandhi ne apana abhamandal taiyar kiya aur 27 disanbar, 1970 ko lokasabha bhang karake madhyavadhi chunav ka marg prashast kar diya. ek varsh poorv lokasabha bhang karane ka unaka nirnay sahasik tha.

nirvachan par muqadama

iandira gaandhi par ilahabad uchch nyayalay mean ek muqadama chal raha tha, jo chunav mean galat sadhan apana kar vijay hasil karane se sanbandhit tha. 12 joon, 1975 ko rajanarayan dvara dayar kie ge muqadame ka phaisala "ilahabad uchch nyayalay ke nyayadhish shri sianh ne sunaya. usake anusar iandira gaandhi ka n keval chunav radd kiya gaya balki unhean chhah varshoan ke lie chunav l dane se bhi pratibandhit kar diya gaya." un par arop tha ki unhoanne chunav mean sarakari mashinari ka durupayog kiya tha aur nirvachan ayog dvara nirdharit rashi se adhik rashi ka vyay chunav prachar mean kiya tha. is phaisale ke viruddh unhean apil karane ka samay diya gaya tha. aise mean iandira gaandhi ne phaisale ke khilaf sarvochch nyayalay mean apil ki aur vahaan sunavaee ke lie 14 julaee ka din mukarrar kar diya gaya. je.pi. aur virodhi dal ekajut hokar iandira gaandhi se naitikata ki duraee dekar istifa dene ki maang karane lage. is bich 24 joon, 1975 ko mamale ki sanvaidhanik vyavastha karate hur avakash prapt nyayamoorti ne kaha ki sunavaee hone tak iandira gaandhi pradhanamantri pad par rah sakati haian aur sansad mean bol bhi sakati haian parantu unhean matadan ka koee adhikar nahian hoga. lekin vipaksh yah mudda hath se nahian jane dena chahata tha. unhean 14 julaee tak ka bhi iantazar gavara nahian tha jab sarvochch nyayalay mean sunavaee honi thi. jayaprakash narayan ki neharoo parivar se dushmani ke sushupt pret jag ge. unhoanne aandolan ko poore desh mean phaila diya. iandira gaandhi ke viruddh prachar kiya jane laga. hazar bar kaha gaya jhooth bhi sach jaisa lagane lagata hai. janata ne bhi ghrinit prachar par vishvas karana aranbh kar diya. ek vyakti ke khilaf itane log galat nahian ho sakate- janata is manovijnan ka shikar hokar yah bhool gee ki jo mamala sarvochch nyayalay mean lanbit hai, usake lie hay tauba machane ki kya zaroorat.

madhyavadhi chunav

iandira gaandhi madhyavadhi chunav bhi karava sakati haian, vipaksh ko isaka aandesha nahian tha. lokasabha bhang hone ki ghoshana ne unhean bhauchakka kar diya. unhoanne n to koee taiyari ki thi aur n hi koee vyooh rachana karane mean saphal hue the. unake pas paryapt samay bhi nahian tha jabaki janata ke pas jane ke lie samuchit kary yojana ki avashyakata thi. aisi sthiti mean vipaksh is kasauti par khara nahian utar saka aur sangathanavadi kaangres ke pas bhi koee mudda nahian tha. is karan vipaksh ne jahaan 'kaangres hatao' ka nara diya, vahian sangathan kaangres ne iandira hataoan ko hi apani chunavi muhim ka mukhy mudda bana liya lekin janata thos karyoan ki kary yojana chahati thi. iandira gaandhi ne 'garibi hataoan' ke nare ke sath samajavadi siddhaantoan ke anurup chunavi ghoshana patr taiyar karaya 'garibi hatao' ka nara lokapriy sabit hua. unake poorvavarti lokahit karyoan ki prishthabhoomi ne bhi chamatkari bhoomika nibhaee. iandira gaandhi ke paksh mean chunavi mahaul banane laga aur iandira gaandhi ko bahutamat prapt ho gaya. unhean 518 mean se 352 sitoan ki prapti huee. chunav mean vijay hasil karane ke lie kaangres (o), janasangh evan svatantr parti ne ek gathabandhan banaya jisaka nam 'graiand alayans' rakha gaya tha. graiand alayans ko bhari kshati huee aur janata ne unhean nakar diya. janata ne sabako dar-kinar karake iandira gaandhi ko bahumat pradan kiya. keandr mean iandira gaandhi ki sthiti behad mazaboot ho gee thi. ab vah svatantr phaisale karane mean svatantr thian. bharat ka nam aantarrashtriy star par bhi badha. duniya bhar ke any rashtr bharat ki or utsuk drishti se dekh rahe the. kyoanki rajanitik sthirata prapt karane ke bad unhean ummid thi ki bharat vikas path par badhate hue arthik svavalanban bhi prapt kar lega.

aaupareshan blyoo star

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panjab mean bhiandara vale ke netritv mean alagavavadi takatean sir uthane lagian aur un takatoan ko pakistan se hava mil rahi thi. panjab mean bhiandaravale ka uday iandira gaandhi ki rajanitik mahattvakaankshaoan ke karan hua tha. akaliyoan ke viruddh bhiandaravale ko svayan iandira gaandhi ne hi kh da kiya tha. lekin bhiandaravale ki rajanitik mahattvakaankshaean desh ko to dane ki had tak badh gee thian. jo bhi log panjab mean alagavavadiyoan ka virodh karate the, unhean maut ke ghat utar diya jata tha. bhiandaravale ko aisa lag raha tha ki apane netritv mean panjab ka alag astitv bana lega. yah kam vah hathiyaroan ke bal par kar sakata hai. yah iandira gaandhi ki galati thi ki 1981 se lekar 1984 tak unhoanne panjab samasya ke samadhan ke lie koee yuktiyukt karravaee nahian ki. is sanbandh mean kuchh rajanitijnoan ka kahana hai ki iandira gaandhi shakti ke bal par samasya ka samadhan nahian karana chahati thian.vah panjab ke alagavavadiyoan ko varta ke madhyam se samajhana chahati thian.

pakistan yuddh

pakistan banane ke sath hi vahaan apratyaksh roop se ek bantavara ho gaya tha- poorvi pakistan aur pashchimi pakistan ne bhasha ki shreshthata ke adhar par poorvi pakistan ke sath sautela vyavahar karana aranbh kar diya. bangala bhashi pakistaniyoan ka shoshan hone laga aur unhean pakistan mean doyam darje ka nagarik mana jane laga. pashchimi pakistan ke logoan mean shreshthata ka danbh tha. is karan pakistan banane ke bad jo vikas kary hua, vah pashchimi pakistan mean hi hua. aise mean bangala bhashi pakistaniyoan ki arthik sthiti mean bhi nirantar giravat rahi. is sautelepan ke viruddh poorvi pakistan ne avaz buland ki isaka parinam yah hua ki unaki avaz ko kuchalane ke lie kee bar sainikoan ki karravaee bhi ki gee. atah shekh mujiburrahaman ke netritv mean samast poorvi pakistan sautelepan aur shoshan ke viruddh ekajut ho gaya. pakistan ke sainy shasak yahiya khan ne poorvi pakistan mean sena bhej di. in sainikoan ne poorvi pakistan mean amanaviyata ki hadean par karate hue nrishansata ka jo nanga nrity kiya, usase iansaniyat sharmasar ho gee. in sainikoan ne poorvi pakistan ki bahoo-betiyoan ke sath samoohik roop se galat vyavahar kiya. logoan ka qatle-am karate hue dudh-muanhe bachchoan ko bhi sanginoan par uchhala gaya. poorvi pakistan ke bhayabhit log bharat ke simavarti praantoan mean sharan lene ke lie majaboor ho ge. 1971 ke navanbar mah tak poorvi pakistan ke ek karo d sharanarthi bharat mean pravisht ho chuke the. in sharanarthiyoan ki udar poorti karana tab bharat ke lie ek samasya ban gee thi. aisi sthiti mean bharat ne pakistan ke barbar rukh ke viruddh aantarrashtriy star par manavata ke hit mean avaz buland ki. ise pakistan ne apane desh ka aantarik mamala batate hue poorvi pakistan mean ghinauni sainik karravaee jari rakhi. chhah mah tak vahaan daman chakr chala.

isake pashchath pakistan ne 3 disanbar, 1971 ko bharat ke vayu sena thikanoan par hamala karate hue use yuddh ka nyota de diya. pashchimi bharat ke sainik addoan par kiya gaya hamala pakistan ki aitihasik parajay ka karan bana. iandira ji ne chaturatapoorvak tinoan senadhyakshoan ke sath milakar yah yojana banaee ki unhean do taraph se akraman karana hai. ek akraman pashchimi pakistan par hoga aur doosara akraman tab kiya jaega jab poorvi pakistan ki muktivahini senaoan ko bhi sath mila liya jaega. janaral je.es.aro da ke netritv mean bharatiy thal sena muktivahini ki madad ke lie matr gyarah dinoan mean dhaka tak pahuanch gee. pakistan ki chhavani ko charoan or se gher liya gaya. tab pakistan ko laga ki usaka mitr amerika usaki madad karega. usane amerika se madad ki guhar lagaee. amerika ne dadagiri dikhate hue apana satavaan be da bangal ki kha di ki or ravana kar diya. tab iandira gaandhi ne fild marshal janaral m aaunek sh aau se paramarsh karake bharatiy sena ko apana kam shighrata se nipatane ka adesh diya.

13 disanbar ko bharat ki senaoan ne dhaka ko sabhi dishaoan se gher liya. 16 disanbar ko janaral niyaji ne 93 hazar pak sainikoan ke sath hathiyar dal die. unhean bandi banakar bharat le aya gaya. shighr hi poorvi pakistan ke roop mean baangladesh ka janm hua aur pakistan parajit hone ke sath hi sath do bhagoan mean vibhajit bhi ho gaya. bharat ne baangladesh ko apani or se sarvapratham manyata bhi pradan kar di. bharat ne yuddh viram ghoshit kar diya kyoanki usaka uddeshy poorn ho chuka tha. isake bad kee any rashtroan ne bhi baangladesh ko ek ne rashtr ke roop mean manyata de di.

pakistan ke pas sena nahian bachi thi, isalie yuddh viram svikar karana usaki anivary majaboori thi. amerika aur pakistan ke any mitr sena rahit desh ki kya sahayata kar sakate the. dakshin eshiya mean bharat ek mahashakti ke roop mean avatarit ho chuka tha. bharat par kisi any desh dvara hamala kie jane ki sthiti mean soviyat sangh ne ganbhir parinam bhugatane ki chetavani jari kar di. aise mean amerika bhi chuppi lagakar baith gaya. bharat ne pakistan ki saik doan varg mil bhoomi par apana kabza kar liya tha aur usake lagabhag ek lakh sainik bandi bana lie the.

yuddh mean sharmanak har jhelane ke bad yahiya khan ke sthan par zulphikar ali bhutto pakistan ke ne rashtrapati banae ge. unhoanne bharat ke samaksh shaanti varta ka prastav rakha jise iandira gaandhi ne svikar kar liya. shimala mean huee varta ke dauran nimnalikhit muddoan par shimala samajhauta hua.

1. bharat dvara pakistan ke bandi banae ge sainikoan ko riha kar diya jaega aur pakistan ki bhoomi bhi lauta di jaegi.
2. kashmir ke jin mahattvapoorn samarik sthanoan ko bharat ne hasil kiya hai, vahaan bharat ka adhipaty bana rahega.
3. yadi bhavishy mean koee vivad paida hota hai to kisi bhi any desh ki madhyasthata svikary nahian hogi tatha vivad ko shimala samajhaute ki shart ke anusar hi hal kiya jaega.

left|30px|link=iandira gaandhi ka dampaty jivan|pichhe jaean

iandira gaandhi ka dampaty jivan

iandira gaandhi ka rajanitik jivan

iandira gaandhi ka pradhanamantritv kal

right|30px|link=iandira gaandhi ka pradhanamantritv kal|age jaean

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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