इंदिरा गाँधी
iandira gaandhi
| |
| poora nam | iandira priyadarshani gaandhi |
| any nam | indu |
| janm | 19 navambar, 1917 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 31 aktoobar, 1984 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| mrityu karan | hatya |
| abhibhavak | javaharalal neharoo, kamala neharoo |
| pati/patni | firoz gaandhi |
| santan | rajiv gaandhi aur sanjay gaandhi |
| smarak | shakti sthal, dilli |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | 1971 ke bharat -pakistan yuddh mean bharat ki vijay |
| parti | kaangres |
| pad | bharat ki tritiy pradhanamantri |
| kary kal | 19 janavari, 1966 se 24 march, 1977, 14 janavari, 1980 se 31 aktoobar, 1984 |
| vidyalay | vishvabharati vishvavidyalay bangal, ianglaiand ki aauksaford yoonivarsiti, shaanti niketan |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| jel yatra | aktoobar, 1977 aur disambar, 1978 |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn samman |
| vishesh yogadan | baiankoan ka rashtriyakaran |
| any janakari | iandira gaandhi apani pratibha aur rajanitik dridhata ke lie 'vishv rajaniti' ke itihas mean jani jati haian aur iandira gaandhi ko 'lauh-mahila' ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata hai. ye bharat ki pratham mahila pradhanamantri thian. |
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iandira priyadarshani gaandhi (aangrezi:Indira Gandhi, janm- 19 navambar, 1917 ilahabad - mrityu- 31 aktoobar, 1984 dilli) n keval bharatiy rajaniti par chhaee rahian balki vishv rajaniti ke kshitij par bhi ve ek prabhav chho d geean. shrimati iandira gaandhi ka janm neharoo khanadan mean hua tha. iandira gaandhi, bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo ki ikalauti putri thian. aj iandira gaandhi ko sirf is karan nahian jana jata ki vah pandit javaharalal neharoo ki beti thian balki iandira gaandhi apani pratibha aur rajanitik dridhata ke lie 'vishvarajaniti' ke itihas mean jani jati haian aur iandira gaandhi ko 'lauh-mahila' ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata hai. ye bharat ki pratham mahila pradhanamantri thian.
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jivan parichay
iandira ka janm 19 navambar, 1917 ko ilahabad, uttar pradesh ke anand bhavan mean ek sampann parivar mean hua tha. inaka poora nam hai- 'iandira priyadarshani gaandhi'. inake pita ka nam javaharalal neharoo aur dada ka nam motilal neharoo tha. pita evan dada donoan vakalat ke peshe se sanbandhit the aur desh ki svadhinata mean inaka prabal yogadan tha. inaki mata ka nam kamala neharoo tha jo dilli ke pratishthit kaul parivar ki putri thian. iandiraji ka janm aise parivar mean hua tha jo arthik evan bauddhik donoan drishti se kafi sanpann tha. at: inhean anand bhavan ke roop mean mahalanuma avas prapt hua. iandira ji ka nam inake dada pandit motilal neharoo ne rakha tha. yah sanskritanishth shabd hai jisaka ashay hai kaanti, lakshmi, evan shobha. inake dadaji ko lagata tha ki pautri ke roop mean unhean maan lakshmi aur durga ki prapti huee hai. pandit neharoo ne atyant priy dekhane ke karan apani putri ko priyadarshini ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata tha. chooanki javaharalal neharoo aur kamala neharoo svayan behad suandar tatha akarshak vyaktitv ke malik the, is karan suandarata ke mamale mean yah gunasootr unhean apane mata-pita se prapt hue the. inhean ek ghareloo nam bhi mila jo iandira ka sankshipt roop 'iandu' tha.
desh ka vibhajan
thumb|250px|left|iandira gaandhi stamp us samay desh vibhajan ke kinare par tha. jinna ke netritv mean muslim lig ne pakistan ki maang ki thi aur aangrez bhi jinna ki maang ko spasht hava de rahe the lekin gaandhiji vibhajan ke paksh mean nahian the. l aaurd mauantabetan kootaniti ka khel khelane mean lage hue the. vah ek or mahatma gaandhi ko ashvast kar rahe the ki desh ka vibhajan nahian hoga to doosari or pandit neharoo se kah rahe the ki do rashtroan ke vibhajan ke ph aaurmoole par hi azadi pradan ki jaegi. pandit neharoo sthiti ki ganbhirata ko samajh rahe the jabaki mahatma gaandhi is bhram mean the ki aangrez vayasaray vibhajan nahian chahata hai. jinna ki anuchit maang ke karan hindoo aur musalamanoan mean vaimanasy pasar gaya tha. mahattvakaankshi jinna pakistan ka pradhanamantri banane ke lie bahut lalayit the. mahatma gaandhi ne jinna ko sanpoorn aur akhand bharat ka pradhanamantri banane ka ashvasan diya. lekin jinna yah janate the ki pandit neharoo ke karan yah sanbhav nahian hai. hindoo kisi bhi muslim ko pradhanamantri ke roop mean svikar nahian kareange. aise mean desh saanpradayik dangoan ki ag mean jhulasane laga tha. mahatma gaandhi kisi tarah dangoan ki ag shaant karana chahate the. dilli mean bhi kee sthanoan par iansaniyat sharmasar ho rahi thi. tab mahatma gaandhi ne iandira ji ko yah muhim sauanpi ki vah dangagrast kshetroan mean jakar logoan ko samajhaean aur aman lautane mean madad karean.
dangagrast kshetroan ka daura
iandira gaandhi ne phir mahatma gaandhi ke adesh ko shirodhary kiya aur dangagrast kshetroan mean donoan samudayoan ke logoan ko samajhane ka prayas karane lagian. vastutah yah atyant jokhim kary tha. pandit neharoo ki beti hone ke karan ativadi unhean nuqasan pahuancha sakate the parantu nirbhik iandira ne dangoan ki ag shaant karane ke lie purazor prayas kie. lekin 15 agast ke bad saanpradayikata apane charam par pahuanch gee. dangoan mean donoan samudayoan ke anaginat log maut ke ghat utar die ge. pakistan se lakhoan sharanarthi dilli a ge the. sharanarthiyoan ke punarvas ka saval bhi utpann ho gaya tha. un bhookhe-pyase ghar se bhage logoan ke lie prathamik avashyakataean bhi jaroori thian. aisi sthiti mean dilli ke kee sthanoan par sharanarthi evan danga pi dit shivir lagae ge the. pandit neharoo ne 17, park rod ke apane bangale par bhi sharanarthi shivir lagae. sharanarthiyoan ke jivan ki buniyadi suvidhaoan ka dhyan rakha ja raha tha. us samay mahatma gaandhi pashchim bangal ke noakhali zile mean jahaan muslimoan ki kee bastiyoan ko jala diya gaya tha. pakistan se ane vali trenoan mean hazaroan hinduoan ki lashean bhi a rahi thian. is karan hindoo akroshit hokar musalamanoan par hamala kar rahe the.
ghar mean sharanarthi shivir
pandit javaharalal neharoo ke bangale mean jo sharanarthi shivir lagae ge the, unaki dekharekh iandira gaandhi hi kar rahi thian. sabhi kamare khali karake sharanarthiyoan ko unamean thahara diya gaya tha aur praangan adi mean bhi tamboo ityadi laga die the taki adhikadhik sharanarthiyoan ko vahaan rakha ja sake. yahaan ki sabhi vyavastha iandira gaandhi dvara dekhi ja rahi thi. aantarim sarakar ke gathan ke sath pandit neharoo karyavahak pradhanamantri bana die the. 26 janavari, 1950 ko bharat ka sanvidhan bhi lagoo ho gaya. bharat ek ganataantrik desh bana aur pradhanamantri neharoo ki sakriyata kafi adhik badh gee. is samay neharooji ka nivas trimoorti bhavan hi tha. samay-samay par vibhinn deshoan ke agantuk trimoorti bhavan mean hi neharooji ke pas ate the. unake svagat ke sabhi iantazam iandira gaandhi dvara kie jate the. sath hi sath umradaraz ho rahe pita ki avashyakataoan ko bhi iandira dekhati thian. [[chitr:Radhakrishnan-Indira-Gandhi-Kamaraj.jpg|thumb|right|250px|d aau. sarvapalli radhakrishnan, iandira gaandhi evan kumarasvami kamaraj]]
kaangres parti ki sarakar
abhi tin varsh bhi poorn nahian hue the ki janata parti mean dararean p d geean aur desh ko madhyavadhi chunav ka bhar jhelana p da. iandira gaandhi ne desh mean ghoom-ghoomakar chunav prachar ke dauran apatakal ke lie sharmiandagi ka ijahar kiya aur kam karane vali sudridh sarakar ka nara diya. logoan ko yah nara kafi pasand aya aur chunav ke bad natijoan ne yah pramanit bhi kar diya. iandira kaangres ko 592 mean se 353 sitean prapt hueean aur spasht bahumat ke karan keandr mean inaki sarakar bani. iandira gaandhi punah pradhanamantri ban geean. is prakar 34 mahinoan ke bad vah satta par dobara qabij hueean. janata parti ne 1977 mean satta mean ane ke bad kee rajyoan ki kaangres sarakar ko barkhast kar diya tha. us samay usane yah tark diya ki janata ka rujhan janata parti ke sath hai, atah ne chunav hone chahie. iandira gaandhi ne satta mean ane ke bad janata parti dvara aranbh ki gee paripati par chalakar un pradeshoan ki sarakaroan ko barkhast kar diya jahaan janata parti tatha vipaksh ka shasan tha. bad mean hue in rajyoan ke chunavoan mean kaangres ne abhootapoorv saphalata prapt ki. 22 rajyoan mean se 15 rajyoan mean kaangres parti ki sarakar ban gee. yah chunav joon 1980 mean sanpann hue the.
mrityu
svarn mandir par hamale ke pratikar mean paanch mahine ke bad hi 31 aktoobar 1984 ko shrimati gaandhi ke avas par tainat unake do sikkh aangarakshakoan ne goli marakar unaki hatya kar di. bharat ke jitane bhi pradhanamantri hue haian, un sabhi ki anek visheshataean ho sakati haian, lekin iandira gaandhi ke roop mean jo pradhanamantri bharat bhoomi ko prapt hua, vaisa pradhanamantri abhi tak doosara nahian hua hai kyoanki ek pradhanamantri ke roop mean unhoanne vibhinn chunautiyoan ka muqabala karane mean saphalata prapt ki. yuddh ho, vipaksh ki galatiyaan hoan, kootaniti ka aantarrashtriy maidan ho athava desh ki koee samasya ho- iandira gaandhi ne aksar svayan ko saphal sabit kiya. iandira gaandhi, neharoo ke dvara shuroo ki gee audyogik vikas ki arddh samajavadi nitiyoan par qayam rahian. unhoanne soviyat sangh ke sath nazadiki sambandh qayam kie aur pakistan-bharat vivad ke dauran samarthan ke lie usi par ashrit rahian. jinhoanne iandira gaandhi ke pradhanamantritv kal ko dekha hai, ve log yah manate haian ki iandira gaandhi mean apar sahas, nirnay shakti aur dhairy tha.
upalabdhiyaan
- baiankoan ka rashtriyakaran
- baangla desh ko svatantr karana
- nirdhan logoan ke utthan ke lie ayojit 20 sootriy karyakram
- gut nirapeksh andolan ki adhyaksha
- privipars samapti
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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