स्थाई बन्दोबस्त

sthaee bandobast ya zamiandari pratha, is vyavastha ko jagiradari, malaguzari v bisavedari ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. is vyavastha ke lagoo kie jane se poorv british sarakar ke samaksh yah samasya thi ki bharat mean krishi yogy bhoomi ka malik kise mana jae, sarakar rajasv chukane ke lie antim roop se kise uttaradayi banaye tatha upaj mean se sarakar ka hissa kitana ho.

hestiangs ke vichar

varen hestiangs ne apane vichar vyakt karate hue kaha tha ki kisanoan se lagan vasool karane ke badale mean zamiandaroan ke pas kuchh kamishan prapt karane ka adhikar ho. parantu hestiangs ki yah paddhati asaphal rahi. 1772 ee. mean varen hestiangs ne panchavarshiy bandobast chalaya. 1776 ee. mean is vyavastha ko bhi samapt kar diya gaya. 1786 ee. mean l aaurd karnavalis bangal ka gavarnar-janaral bana. usane jems grant evan sar j aaun shor se navin lagan vyavastha par vichar-vimarsh kiya. 1790 ee. mean l aaurd karnavalis ne dasavarshiy vyavastha ko lagoo kiya. 1793 ee. mean is vyavastha ko bangal, bihar evan u disa mean sthayi kar diya gaya aur kalantar mean ise uttar pradesh ke banaras khand evan uttari karnatak mean bhi lagoo kiya gaya.

bandobast vyavastha

sthaee bandobast vyavastha tatkalin british bharat ki lagabhag 19% bhoomi par lagoo ki gee. sarvapratham yah vyavastha bangal mean lagoo ki gee. vyavastha ke aantargat zamiandaroan se malaguzari ke roop mean ek nishchit ay hamesha ke lie nishchit kar li jati thi. zamiandar kisan se vasoole ge lagan ka 10/11 bhag sarakari kosh mean jama karata tha tatha shesh 1/11 bhag apane kharch, parishram v dayitv ke lie apane pas rakh leta tha. zamiandaroan dvara nishchit samay mean sarakari khazane mean lagan n jama karane par bhoomi ko nilam kar diya jata tha. daiviy prakop ke samay lagan ki dar mean koee riyayat nahian di jati thi. lagan ki dar badhane ka adhikar sarakar ke pas nahian tha, lekin zamiandar isamean vriddhi kar sakata tha. zamiandar bhoomi ko bech sakata tha aur rehan v dan mean de sakata tha.

vyavastha lagoo karane ke karan

kampani sarakar dvara is vyavastha ko lagoo karane ke pichhe anek karan the, jo nimnalikhit haian-

1. sarakar ek nishchit tatha sthayi ay prapt karana chahati thi.
2. vah lagan vasooli par samay tatha paisa kharch karana nahian chahati thi.
3. kampani is vyavastha ke dvara sashakt zamiandaroan ko apana samarthak banana chahati thi.
4. is vyavastha se yah apeksha ki gee ki isase krishi vikas ke kshetr mean krantikari parivartan hoga.
5. isake sath hi kampani ke pas yogy karmachariyoan evan bhoomi ke sandarbh mean jnan ka abhav tha, isalie bhi aisi vyavastha ko lagoo karana anivary ho gaya tha.

labh

is vyavastha se kampani ko anek labh prapt hue. jaise-

1. isase kampani ke tatha logoan ke arthik hitoan ki adhik raksha huee.

1. isase rajy ko ek nirdharit ay nishchit samay par prapt ho jati thi, chahe paidavar ho ya n ho.
2. yadi koee zamiandar lagan ada karane mean asamarth raha to usaki bhoomi ke ek tuk de ko bechakar sarakar lagan ke barabar ay prapt kar leti thi.
3. zamiandar krishi unnati ki or adhik dhyan dene laga tha, kyoanki use sarakar ko ek nishchit hissa dena p data tha tatha shesh adhishesh par usaka vyaktigat adhikar hota tha.
4. yah is vyavastha ka hi parinam tha ki, kampani sarakar ko 1857 ee. ke vidroh mean zamiandar varg ka poora sahayog prapt hua.
5. kampani ka vah dhan ab kharch hone se bach raha tha, jise vah lagan vasooli ke samay apane karmachariyoan par kharch karati thi.

vyavastha ke dosh

is vyavastha ke anek dosh bhi the-is vyavastha ki alochana mean homs ne kaha ki, “sthayi vyavastha ek bhayanak bhool thi, yahaan ke krishakoan ne isase kuchh bhi labh nahian uthaya, zamiandar apane lagan ko tay samay mean jama karane mean asamarth rahe aur sath hi unaki bhoomi ko sarakar ke labh ke lie bech diya gaya”. is vyavastha ke lagoo hone par sarakar ka kisan se koee sidha sampark nahian rah gaya. parinamat: sarakar kisanoan ki vastavik sthiti se parichit n hone ke karan unake prati udasin rahane lagi. badh evan akal ke samay sarakar malaguzari ki vasooli mean koee bhi chhoot nahian deti thi. zamiandar log kisanoan ka arthik shoshan karate the. krishakoan dvara lagan n dene par unhean bhoomi se bedakhal kar diya jata tha, jisake aantargat yah vyavastha thi ki nishchit din ko soory chhipane se pahale lagan ko avashy hi jama kara diya jae, aisa n karane par zamiandar ko jagir ke adhikar se mukt kar diya jata tha tatha usaki poori athava kuchh jagir jabt karake sarvajanik nilami dvara use nilam kar diya jata tha.

parinam

is prakar se l aaurd karnavalis ki sthayi bandobast mean vyapt khamiyoan ke adhar par ham yah kah sakate haian ki isase kampani ki ay mean kami, bhoomi ki urvara shakti ka nasht hona evan zamiandaroan ke adhik shaktishali hone mean sahayog mila.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 242.