अफ़्रीका में गाँधी

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

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daraban nyayalay mean yooropiy majistret ne unhean pag di utarane ke lie kaha, unhoanne inkar kar diya aur nyayalay se bahar chale ge. kuchh dinoan ke bad pritoriya jate samay unhean relave ke pratham shreni ke dibbe se bahar pheank diya gaya aur unhoanne steshan par thithurate hue rat bitaee. yatra ke agale charan mean unhean ek gho daga di ke chalak se pitana p da, kyoanki yooropiy yatri ko jagah dekar payadan par yatra karane se unhoanne inkar kar diya tha, aur antatah 'sirf yooropiy logoan ke lie' surakshit hotaloan mean unake jane par rok laga di gee. natal mean bharatiy vyapariyoan aur shramikoan ke lie ye apaman dainik jivan ka hissa tha. jo naya tha, vah gaandhi ka anubhav n hokar unaki pratikriya thi. ab tak vah hathadharmita aur ugrata ke paksh mean nahian the, lekin jab unhean anapekshit apamanoan se guzarana p da, to unamean kuchh badalav aya. bad mean dekhane par unhean laga ki daraban se pritoriya tak ki yatra unake jivan ke mahanatam rachanatmak anubhavoan mean se ek thi. yah unake saty ka kshan tha. thumb|250px|feri imarat par gaandhi ji ki pratima, sen fraansisko|left

meritsabarg kand

meritsabarg kand ne gaandhi ji ki jivan yatra ko ek nayi disha di. unhoanne svayan us ghatana ka vivaran is prakar likha hai---'meritsabarg mean ek pulis k aaunstebal ne mujhe dhakka dekar tren se bahar nikal diya. tren chali gayi. maian vishram kaksh mean baith gaya. maian thand se kaanp raha tha. mujhe nahian maloom tha ki mera asabab kahaan par hai, aur n to maian kisi se kuchh poochhane ki himmat kar sakata tha ki kahian phir se beijjati n ho. niand ka saval hi nahian tha. mere man mean oohapoh hone lagi. kafi rat gaye maian is natije par pahuancha ki bharat vapas bhag jana qayarata hogi. maianne jo dayitv apane oopar liya hai, use poora karana chahie.' meritsabarg kaand ke bad unhoanne apane man mean dakshin afrika ke pravasi bharatiyoan ko us apaman ki zindagi se ubarane ka sankalp liya, jise ve lambe arase se jhelate a rahe the. is sankalp ke bad gaandhiji agale bis varshoan (1893-1914) tak dakshin afrika mean rahe aur shighr hi vahaan par inake netritv mean utpi dit bharatiyoan par lage sare pratibandhoan ko hatane ke lie ek aandolan chhi d gaya. is aandolan ko saphal banane ke uddeshy se unhoanne apani chalati huee vakalat chho d di aur brahmachary vrat dharan kar apane parivar aur mitroan ke sath t aaulastay ashram ki sthapana karake vahian par rahane lage. phir kabhi unhoanne anyay svikar nahian kiya. ek bharatiy aur ek vyakti ke roop mean apane samman ki raksha ki.

vidaee samaroh

pritoriya pravas ke dauran gaandhi ne apane deshavasiyoan ki un paristhitiyoan ka adhyayan kiya, jisamean ve ji rahe the aur unhean unake adhikaroan tatha kartavyoan ke bare mean shikshit karane ka prayas kiya. unaka dakshin afrika mean lambe samay tak rahane ka koee irada nahian tha. joon 1894 mean jab ek sal ka anubandh samapt hone ko aya, to vah vapas daraban akar bharat lautane ko taiyar the. unake samman mean ayojit vidaee samaroh mean natal markyuri ke panne palatate hue unhean pata chala ki natal lejisletiv aseanbali bharatiyoan ko matadan ke adhikar se vanchit karane sambandhi ek vidheyak par vichar kar rahi hai. gaandhi ne apane mezabanoan se kaha, 'yah hamare taboot ki pahali kil hai', logoan ne is vidheyak ka virodh karane mean akshamata dikhaee aur aupaniveshik rajaniti par apani ajnanata svikarate hue gaandhi se apane lie sangharsh ki prarthana ki.

natal iandiyan kaangres

[[chitr:Mahatma-Gandhi-And-Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|javahar lal neharoo aur mahatma gaandhi ki bharatiy dak tikat]]

18 varsh ki ayu tak gaandhi ne shayad hi kabhi samachar patr padha tha. n to ianglaiand ke vidyarthi kal mean aur n hi bharat mean bairistari ki shurooat mean rajaniti mean unaki kabhi ruchi rahi. vastutah kisi sabha mean bhashan dete samay ya adalat mean muvakkil ka bachav karate hue ve jaise hi bolane kh de hote, manchiy bhay unhean jak d leta tha. phir bhi, 1894 mean matr 25 varsh ki ayu mean vah lagabhag ratoan rat ek saphal rajanitik aandolanakari ban ge. unhoanne natal ki vidhayika aur british sarakar ke nam yachikaean likhian aur un par saik doan bharatiyoan ke hastakshar karae. vah vidheyak ko to nahian rok sake, lekin natal mean rahane vale bharatiyoan ke kashtoan ki or natal, bharat aur ianglaiand ke akhabaroan ka dhyan akarshit karane mean saphal rahe. unhean daraban mean rahakar vakalat karane aur bharatiy samuday ka ekajut karane ke lie razi kar liya gaya. 1894 mean unhoanne natal iandiyan kaangres ki sthapana ki aur usake sakriy sachiv ban ge. is samany rajanitik sangathan ke madhyam se unhoanne bahujatiy bharatiy samuday mean ekata ki bhavana bhar di. unhoanne sarakar vidhayika aur pres mean bharatiyoan ke kashtoan se sambandhit tarkapoorn vaktavyoan ki jh di laga di. antatah unhoanne maharani viktoriya ki bharatiy praja ke sath unake hi afrika sthit upanivesh mean kie ja rahe bhedabhav ko duniya ke samane ujagar karake samrajy ki pol khol di. ek pracharak ke roop mean unaki saphalata ka praman yah tha ki landan ke 'd taims' aur kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) ke 'stetsamain' tatha 'ianglishamain' jaise akhabaroan ke sanpadakiy mean bhi natal ke bharatiyoan ke kashtoan par tippaniyaan likhi geean. 1896 mean apani patni kastooraba tatha bachchoan ko lane evan videsh mean rahane vale bharatiyoan ke lie samarthan jutane hetu gaandhi bharat pahuanche, unhoanne pramukh netaoan se milakar unhean b de-b de shaharoan mean janasabhaean: sanbodhit karane ke lie razi kiya.

parajay se satyagrahi ko nirasha nahian hoti balki karyakshamata aur lagan badhati hai. mahatma gaandhi

yah gaandhi ka durbhagy tha ki unaki gatividhiyoan aur vaktavyoan ki ootapataang khabarean natal pahuanchi aur vahaan ki yooropiy janata big d uthi. janavari 1897 mean daraban pahuanchane par ugr goroan ki bhi d ne un par pran ghatak hamala kar diya. british mantrimandal mean aupaniveshik sachiv jozaf cheanbaralen ne natal sarakar ko tar bhejakar doshi vyaktiyoan ko giraftar karane ko kaha, lekin gaandhi ne hamalavaroan par muqadama karane se inkar kar diya. unhoanne kaha ki yah unaka siddhaant hai ki vyaktigat kshati ko qanooni adalat mean n le jaya jae.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

• mahatma gaandhi sakshatkar vidiyo
• mahatma gaandhi bhashan vidiyo
• dak tikatoan mean gaandhi
• dak-tikatoan par bhi chhaye gaandhi ji
• dak tikatoan mean mohan se mahatma tak ka saphar

link=#top|center|oopar jayean

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sanbandhit lekh

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