बंगाल विभाजन
bangal vibhajan pahali bar 1905 ee. mean vaisaray l aaurd karzan dvara kiya gaya tha. vibhajan ke sambandh mean karzan ka tark tha ki tatkalin bangal, jisamean bihar aur u disa bhi shamil the, kafi vistrit hai aur akela lephtineant gavarnar usaka prashasan bhali-bhaanti nahian chala sakata hai. isake phalasvaroop poorvi bangal ke ziloan ki pray: upeksha hoti hai, jahaan musalaman adhik sankhya mean haian. isilie uttari aur poorvi bangal ke rajashahi, dhaka tatha chatagaanv divijan mean ane vale pandrah ziloan ko asam mean mila diya gaya aur poorvi bangal tatha asam nam se ek naya prant bana diya gaya aur use bangal se alag kar diya gaya.
karzan ka vichar
vibhajan ke samay bangal ki kul janasankhya 7 karo d, 85 lakh thi tatha is samay bangal mean bihar, u disa evan baangladesh shamil the. bangal presidensi us samay sabhi presidensiyoan mean sabase b di thi. 1874 ee. me asam bangal se alag ho gaya. ek lephtineant garvanar itane b de praant ko kushal prashasan de pane mean asamarth tha. tatkalin gavarnar-janaral l aaurd karzan ne prashasanik asuvidha ko bangal vibhajan ka karan bataya, kintu vastavik karan prashasanik nahian apitu rajanitik tha. karzan ke 'bangal vibhajan' ke virodh mean svadeshi evan bahishkar aandolan ka sootrapat kiya gaya. bangal us samay bharatiy rashtriy chetana ka kendr biandu tha aur sath hi bangaliyoan mean prabal rajanaitik jagriti thi, jise kuchalane ke lie karzan ne bangal ko baantana chaha. usane bangali bhashi hinduoan ko donoan bhagoan mean alpasankhya mean karana chaha.
vibhajan
disambar, 1903 ee. mean bangal vibhajan ke prastav ki khabar phailane par charoan or virodhasvaroop anek baithakean hueean, jisamean adhikatar dhaka, meman sianh evan chatagaanv mean huee. surendranath banarji, kushn kumar mishr, prithvishachandr ray jaise bangal ke netaoan ne 'bangali', 'hitavadi' evan 'sanjivani' jaise akhabaroan dvara vibhajan ke prastav ki alochana ki. virodh ke bavajood karzan ne 19 julaee, 1905 ee, ko 'bangal vibhajan' ke nirnay ki ghoshana ki, jisake parinamasvaroop 7 agast, 1905 ko kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) ke 'taun hal' mean 'svadeshi aandolan' ki ghoshan ki gee tatha 'bahishkar prastav' pas kiya gaya. isi baithak mean aitihasik bahishkar prastav parit hua. 16 aktoobar, 1905 ko bangal vibhajan ke lagoo hone ke sath hi vibhajan prabhavi ho gaya.
vibhajan ke bad bangal, poorvian bangal evan pashchimi bangal mean bant gaya. poorvi bangal mean asam evan bangal (poorvi) ke rajashahi, dhaka evan chatagaanv zile milaye gaye. kul 3 karo d 10 lakh (1 karo d 80 lakh muslim evan 1 karo d 20 lakh hindoo) janasankhya vale poorvi bangal ka kul kshetraphal 1,06,540 varg mil tha. is prant ka mukhyalay dhaka mean tha. pashchim bangal mean bihar evan u disa tatha pashchim bangal shamil the. 5 karo d 40 lakh janasankhya (4 karo d 50 lakh hindoo, 90 lakh muslim) vale is praant ka kul kshetraphal 1,41,580 varg mil tha.
rashtriy shok divas
vibhajan ke din 16 aktoobar, 1905 ee. ko poore bangal mean 'rashtriy shok divas' ke roop mean manane ki ghoshan ki gayi. surendranath banarji ne kaha tha ki 'yah nirnay hamare oopar ek bajr ki tarah gira hai.' vibhajan par gopal krishna gokhale ne kaha ki 'yah ek nimarm bhool hai.' bangal vibhajan ke virodh mean pahali bar ek sabha mean 50 se 75 hazar log ekatr hue. bangal vibhajan ke virodh mean svadeshi evan bahishkar aandolan ka sootrapat kiya gaya. dhire-dhire yah aandolan poore desh mean phailane laga. lokamany tilak ne is aandolan ka prachar bambee evan pune mean, ajit sianh evan lala lajapat ray ne panjab evan uttar pradesh mean, saiyyad haidar raja ne dilli mean tatha chidambaram pillai ne madras mean kiya.
svadeshi evan bahishkar andolan
1905 ee. mean hue kaangres ke 'banaras adhiveshan' ki adhyakshata karate hue gokhale ne lean bhi svadeshi evan bahishkar aandolan ko samarthan diya. ugravadi dal ke neta tilak, vipinachandr pal, lajapat ray evan aravind ghosh ne poore desh mean is aandolan ko phailana chaha. svadeshi aandolan ke samay logoan ka aandolan ke prati samarthan ekatr karane mean 'svadesh bandhav samiti' ki mahatvapoorn bhoomika thi. isaki sthapana ashvini kumar datt ne ki thi. shiandhr hi svadeshi aandolan ka parinam samane a gaya, jisake parinamasvaroop 15 agast, 1906 ee. ko ek rashtriy shiksha parishad ki sthapana ki gayi. svadeshi aandolan ka prabhav saanskritik kshetr par bhi p da, bangal sahity ke lie yah samay svarn kal ka tha. ravindranath taigor ne isi samay 'amar sonar bangala' namak git likha, jo 1971 ee. mean bangaladesh ka rashtriy gan bana. ravindranath taigor ko unake gitoan ke sankalan 'gitaanjali' ke lie sahity ka nobel puraskar mila. [kala]] ke kshetr mean avanindranath taigor ne pashchaty prabhav se alag hatakar svadeshi chitrakari shuru ki. svadeshi aandolan mean pahali bar mahilaoan ne poorn roop se pradarshan kiya.
svarajy ki maang
1906 ee. mean kalakatta mean hue 'kaangres adhiveshan' ki adhyakshata karate hue dadabhaee nauroji ne pahali bar svarajy ki maang prastut ki. yadyapi 'svarajy mera janm siddh adhikar hai aur maian ise lekar rahooanga' ka nara bal gangadhar tilak ka diya hua hai, kintu kaangres manch se svarajy ki sarvapratham maang karane ka shrey dadabhaee nauroji ko diya jata hai. 'bangal vibhajan' ke bad rashtriy aandolan mean ugravadi vichar ke netaoan ki pak d majaboot hone lagi aur jahaan udaravadi neta hiansa ka viradh karate, vahian ugravadi hiansa ke samarthak the. kaangres ke kalakatta adhiveshan mean donoan ke madhy vaicharik matabhed daba diya gaya.
vibhajan radd ke ghoshana
svadeshi aandolan ko chalane ke tarike lekar ugravadi aur udaravadi netaoan ke madhy chal rahe matabhed ke parinamasvaroop 1907 ee. ke kaangres ke 'soorat adhiveshan' mean ugravadi netaoan ne svayan ko kaangres se alag kar lie. bahishkar evan svadeshi aandolan ne vibhajan ke viruddh vishal janamat ikattha kar liya, jisake phalasvaroop british sarakar dvara vivash hokar 1911 ee. mean 'bangal vibhajan' ko radd karane ki ghoshan ki gayi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh