कृष्ण

krishna|520px

thumb|right|krishna
Krishna

krishna / Krishn / Krishna

sanatan dharm ke anusar bhagavan vishnu sarvapapahari pavitr aur samast manushyoan ko bhog tatha moksh pradan karane vale pramukh devata haian. krishna hindoo dharm mean vishnu ke avatar mane jate haian . shrikrishna sadharan vyakti n hokar yug purush the. unake vyaktitv mean bharat ko ek pratibhasampann rajanitivetta hi nahi, ek mahan karmayogi aur darshanik prapt hua, jisaka gita- jnan samast manav-jati evan sabhi desh-kal ke lie path-pradarshak hai. krishna ki stuti lagabhag sare bharat mean kisi n kisi roop mean ki jati hai. ve log jinhean ham sadharan roop mean nastik ya dharm nirapeksh ki shreni mean rakhate haian nishchit roop se bhagavat gita se prabhavit haian. gita kisane aur kis kal mean kahi ya likhi yah shodh ka vishay hai kintu gita ko krishna se hi jo da jata hai. yah astha ka prashn hai aur yooan bhi astha ke prashnoan ke uttar itihas mean nahian talashe jate.

---

<balloon link="index.php?title=braj" title="vartaman mathura tatha usake as-pas ka pradesh, jise braj kaha jata hai; prachin kal mean shoorasen janapad ke nam se prasiddh tha . ee॰ satavian shati mean jab chini yatri huen-saang yahaan aya tab usane likha ki mathura rajy ka vistar 5,000 li (lagabhag 833 mil) tha . dakshin-poorv mean mathura rajy ki sima jejakabhukti (jijhauti) ki pashchimi sima se tatha dakshin-pashchim mean malav rajy ki uttari sima se milati rahi hogi . vartaman samay mean braj shabd se sadharanataya mathura zila aur usake as-pas ka bhoo bhag samajha jata hai . pradesh ya janapad ke roop mean braj ya brij shabd adhik prachin nahian hai . shoorasen janapad ki simaean samay-samay par badalati rahian . isaki rajadhani madhura ya mathura nagari thi . kalaantar mean mathura nam se hi yah janapad vikhyat hua. ¤¤¤

age padhane ke lie liank par hi klik karean ¤¤¤">braj</balloon> ya shoorasen janapad ke itihas mean shrikrishna ka samay b de mahatv ka hai. isi samay mean prajatantr aur nripatantr ke bich kathor sangharsh hue, magadh-rajy ki shakti ka vistar hua aur bharat ka vah mahan bhishan sangram hua jise mahabharat yuddh kahate hai. in rajanaitik halachaloan ke atirikt is kal ka saanskritik mahatv bhi hai. 

mathura nagari is mahan vibhooti ka janmasthan hone ke karan dhany ho gee. mathura hi nahian, sara shoorasen ya braj janapad anandakand krishna ki manohar lilaoan ki kri dabhoomi hone ke karan gauravanvit ho gaya. mathura aur braj ko kalaantar mean jo asadharan mahatv prapt hua vah is mahapurush ki janmabhoomi aur kri dabhoomi hone ke karan hi shrikrishna bhagavat dharm ke mahan strot hue. is dharm ne koti-koti bharatiy jan ka anuranjan to kiya hi,sath hi kitane hi videshi isake dvara prabhavit hue. prachin aur arvachin sahity ka ek b da bhag krishna ki manohar lilaoan se ot-prot hai. unake lokaranjak roop ne bharatiy janata ke manas-patali par jo chhap laga di hai, vah amit hai.

---

vartaman aitihasik anusandhanoan ke adhar par shrikrishna ka janm lagabhag ee0 poo0 1500 mana jata hai. ye sambhavat: 100 varsh se kuchh oopar ki ayu tak jivit rahe. apane is dirghajivan mean unhean vividh prakar ke karyo mean vyast rahana p da. unaka praranbhik jivan to braj mean kata aur shesh dvaraka mean vyatit hua. bich-bich mean unhean any anek janapadoan mean bhi jana pada़. jo anek ghatanaean unake samay mean ghati unaki vistrit charcha puranoan tatha mahabharat mean milati hai. vaidik sahity mean to krishna ka ullekh bahut kam milata hai aur usamean unhean manav-roop mean hi dikhaya gaya hai, n ki narayan ya vishnu ke avatar roop mean.

itihas aur puratatv

damodar dharmanand kosanbi ke anusar, krishna ke bare mean ekamatr puratatvik praman hai usaka paranparik hathiyar chakr jise pheankakar mara jata tha. vah itana tikshnadhar hota tha ki kisi ka bhi sir kat de . yah hathiyar vaidik nahian hai, aur buddh ke pahale hi isaka chalan band ho gaya tha; parantu mirzapur zile (darasal, bauddh dakshinagiri) ke ek gufachitr mean ek ratharohi ko aise chakr se adivasiyoan par (jinhoanne yah chitr banaya hai) akraman karate dikhaya gaya hai. at: isaka samay hoga lagabhag 800 ee.poo. jabaki, mote taur par, varanasi mean pahali basti ki nianv p di. <balloon title="prachin bharat ki sanskriti aur sabhyata- damodar dharmanand kosanbi" style="color:blue">*</balloon> thumb|left|chakr dvara akraman karata ashvarohi (is chitr ko spasht roop se dikhane ke lie background badal diya hai. jo mool chitr maian nahian hai.) ye ratharohi ary rahe hoange, aur nadi par ke kshetr mean loh-khanij ki khoj karane ae hoange- us haimatait khanij ki, jisase ye gufachitr banae ge haian. doosari or , rrigved mean krishna ko danav aur indr ka shatru bataya gaya hai, aur usaka nam shyamavarn aryapoorv logoan ka dyotak hai. krishnaakhyan ka mooladhar yah hai ki vah ek vir yoddha tha aur yadu kabile ka nar-devata (prachinatam ved rrigved mean jin paanch pramukh janoan yani kabiloan ka ullekh milata hai unamean se yadu qabila ek tha); parantu sooktakaroan ne, panjab ke kabiloan mean nirantar chal rahe kalah se janit tatkalin gutabandi ke anusar, in yaduoan ko kabhi dhikkara hai to kabhi ashirvad diya hai. krishna satvat bhi hai, aandhak-vrishni bhi, aur mama kans se bachane ke lie use gokul (gopalakoan ke kamyoon) mean pala gaya tha. is sthanaantaran ne use un abhiroan se bhi jo d diya jo eesa ki aranbhik sadiyoan mean aitihasik evan pashupalak log the, jo adhunik ahir jati ke poorvaj haian. bhavishyavani thi ki kans ka vadh usaki bahin (kuchh ullekhoan mean putri) devaki ke putr ke hathoan hoga, isalie devaki ko usake pati vasudev sahit karagar mean dal diya gaya tha. balak krishna-vasudev (vasudev ka putr) gokul mean b da hua, usane indr se godhan ki raksha ki aur anek muanhavale vishadhar kaliy nag ka, jisane mathura ke pas yamuna ke ek suvidhajanak dabare tak jane ka marg rok diya tha, mardan karake use khade d diya, usaka vadh nahian kiya. tab krishna aur usake adhik balashali bhaee balaram ne, bhavishyavani ko poora karane ke pahale, akha de mean kans ke malloan ko parast kiya. yahaan yah dhyan mean rakhana zaroori hai ki kuchh adim samajoan mean mukhiya ki bahin ka putr hi usaka uttaradhikari hota hai; sath hi, uttaradhikari ko pray: mukhiya ki bali chadhani p dati hai. adim prathaoan se kans-vadh ko achchha samarthan milata hai, aur yah bhi spasht hota hai ki matristhanak samaj mean eedipas-akhyan ka kya roop ho jata.

narad krishna sanvad

narad krishna sanvad ne krishna ke sambandh mean kee batean hamean spasht sanket deti haian ki krishna ne bhi ek sahaj sangh mukhiya ke roop mean hi samasyaoan se joojhate hue samay vyatit kiya hoga . shrikrishna manjhale bhaee the. unake b de bhaee ka nam balaram tha jo apani shakti mean hi mast rahate the. unase chhote ka nam 'gad' tha. ve atyant sukumar hone ke karan shram se door bhagate the. shrikrishna ke bete pradyumn apane daihik sauandary se madasakt the. krishna apane rajy ka adha dhan hi lete the, shesh yadavavanshi usaka upabhog karate the. shrikrishna ke jivan mean bhi aise kshan aye jab unhoanne apane jivan ka asantosh narad ke sammukh kah sunaya aur poochha ki yadavavanshi logoan ke paraspar dvesh tatha alagav ke vishay mean unhean kya karana chahie. narad ne unhean sahanashilata ka upadesh dekar ekata banaye rakhane ko kaha.
mahabharat shaanti parv adhyay-82:
aranimagnikamo va manthati hridayan mam. vacha durooktan devarshe tanme dahati nityada ॥6॥
he devarshi ! jaise purush agni ki ichchha se arani kashth mathata hai; vaise hi un jati-logoan ke kahe hue kathor vachan se mera hriday sada mathata tatha jalata hua rahata hai ॥6॥

balan sankarshane nityan saukumary punargade. roopen matt: pradyumn: soasahayoasmi narad ॥7॥
he narad ! b de bhaee balaram sada bal se, gad sukumarata se aur pradyumn roop se matavale hue hai; isase in sahayakoan ke hote hue bhi maian asahay hua hooan. ॥7॥

janm aur jivan parichay

kans ki chacheri bahan devaki shoor-putr vasudev ko byahi gee thi puranoan ke anusar jab kans ko yah bhavishyavani jnat huee ki devaki ke garbh se utpann athavean bachche ke hath se usaki mrityu hogi to vah bahut sashankit ho gaya. usane vasudev-devaki ko karagar mean band kara diya. ullekh hai ki kans ke chacha aur ugrasen ke bhaee devak ne apani sat putriyoan ka vivah vasudev se kar diya tha jinamean devaki bhi ek thi .

devaki se utpann pratham chhah bachchoan ko kans ne marava dala. satavean bachche (balaram) ka use kuchh pata hi nahi chala.<balloon title="puranoan ke anusar balaram sarvapratham devaki ke garbh mean aye, kintu devi shakti dvara ve vasudev ki doosari patni rohini ke garbh mean sthanaantarit kar diye gaye. is ghatana ke karan hi baladev ka nam 'sankarshan' p da ." style="color:blue">*</balloon> yatha samay devaki ki athavian santan krishna ka janm karagar mean bhadoan krishnaa ashtami ki adhi rat ko hua. jis samay ve prakat hue prakriti saumy thi, dishayean nirmal ho gee thian. aur nakshatroan mean vishesh kaanti a gee thi. bhayabhit vasudev navajat bachche ko shighr lekar yamuna-par gokul gaye aur vahaan apane mitr nand ke yahaan shishu ko pahuancha aye.badale mean ve unaki patni yashoda ki sadyojata kanya ko le aye. jab doosare din prat: kans ne balak ke sthan par kanya ko paya to vah b de soch-vichar mean p d gaya. usane us bachchi ko bhi jivit rakhana thik n samajh use divangat kar diya. gokul mean nand ne putr janm par b da utsav manaya. nand prati varsh kans ko kar dene mathura aya karate the. unase bheant hone par vasudev ne nand ko baladev aur krishna ke janm par badhaee di. pitri-moh ke karan unhoanne nand se kaha -'braj mean b de upadravoan ki aanshaka hai, vahaan shighr jakar rohini aur bachchoan ki raksha karo.' [[chitr:krishna-birth.jpg|thumb|krishna janm vasudev, krishna ko kans ke karagar mathura se gokul le jate hue, dvara- raja ravi varma
Vasudev Taking Krishna To Gokul From Mathura Jail]]

rakshas adi ka sanhar

• pootana vadh,
• shakatasur vadh,
• yamalarjun moksh,
• kaliy daman,
• dhenuk vadh,
• pralanb vadh,
• arisht vadh

govardhan pooja

gokul ke gop prachin-riti ke anusar varsha kal bitane aur sharad ke agaman ke avasar par indr devata ki pooja kiya karate the. inaka vishvas tha ki indr ki kripa ke karan varsha hoti hai, jisake parinamasvaroop pani p data hai. krishna aur balaram ne indr ki pooja ka virodh kiya tatha govardhan (dharati maan, jo ann aur jal deti hai) ki pooja ka avalokan kiya. is prakar ek or krishna ne indr ke kalpanik mahatv ko badhane ka kary kiya, doosari aur baladev ne hal lekar kheti mean vriddhi ke sadhanoan ko khoj nikala. puranoan me katha hai ki is par indr kruddh ho gaya aur usane itani atyadhik varsha ki ki hahakar mach gaya. kintu krishna ne buddhi-kaushal ke giri dvara gop-gopikaoan, gauoan adi ki raksha ki. is prakar indr-pooja ke sthan par ab govardhan pooja ki sthapana ki gee.

ras

krishna ke prati brajavasiyoan ka b da sneh tha. gopiyaan to vishesh roop unake sauandary tatha sahas poorn karyoan par mugdh thian. prachin puranoan ke anusar sharad poornima ki ek suhavani rat ko gopiyoan ne krishna ke sath milakar nrity-gan kiya. isaka nam ras prasiddh hua.,dhire-dhire yah pratha ek naimittik utsav ban gaya, jisamean gopi-gval sabhi sammilit hote the. sabhanvat: rat mean is prakar ke manovinoandoan aur khelakoodoan ko is hetu bhi pracharit kiya gaya ki jisase rat me bhi sajag rah kar kans ke un shadyantroan se bacha ja sake jo aye din gokul mean hua karate the.

dhanuryag

is prakar braj tatha usake nivasiyoan par sankat aye aur chale gaye. apattigrast jangaloan aur kundoan ko bhi krishna ne apani shakti aur chatury se nishkantak bana diya. abhi tak jitani ghatanaean ghati unamean pootana ke sanbandh mean hi puranoan mean spasht sanket milata hai ki vah kans ki bheji huee thi. any sab ghatanaean akasmik ya daivi pratit hoti hai, sanbhavat: unamean kans ka vishesh hath n tha. in ghatanaoan ke sanbandh mean doosari bat dhyan dene ki yah hai ki praranbhik puranoan-harivansh, vayu, brahm-mean krishna ke sath kam chamatkarik ghatanaoan ka sanbandh hai aur bad ke puranoan yatha bhagavat, padm aur brahmavaivart-mean kramash: in ghatanaoan mean vriddhi huee hai. keval ghatanaoan ki sankhya mean hi vriddhi nahian huee, prachin puranoan ki kathaoan ko bhi paravarti puranoan mean bahut ghata badha kar kaha gaya hai. barahavian shati ke bad ke sanskrit evan bhasha sahity mean to ye batean aur bhi prachur matra mean milati haian.

dhanuryag aur akroor ka braj-agaman

[[chitr:krishna-parents.jpg|thumb|left|krishna-balaram, devaki-vasudev se milate hue, dvara- raja ravi varma
Krishna-Balram Meeting Devki-Vasudev]]

krishna bachapan mean hi kee akasmik durdhatanaoan ka samana karane tatha kans ke shadyantroan ko viphal karane ke karan bahut lok-priy ho gaye the. sare braj mean is chhote vir balak ke prati vishesh mahatv paida ho gaya. kintu doosari or mathura pati kans krishna ki is khyati se ghabara raha tha aur samajh raha tha ki ek din apane oopar bhi sakant a sakata hai.

samrajyavadi kans ne ant mean kootaniti ki sharan li aur danapati akroor ke dvara dhanuryag ke bahane krishna-balaram ko mathura bulane ka vichar kiya. akroor apane samay mean aandhak-vrishni sangh ke ek varg ka prasiddh neta tha. sanbhavat: vah bahut hi kushal aur vyavaharik-jnan-sampann purush tha. kans ko us samay aise hi ek hi ek chatur aur vishvast vyakti ki avashyakata thi.

kans ne pahale dhanuryag ki taiyari kar li aur phir akrur ko gokul bheja. akroor ke kuchh poorv keshi krishna ke vadharth braj pahuanch chuka tha, parantu krishna ne use bhi mar dala.

krishna ka mathura-gaman

ek din sandhya samay krishna ne samachar paya ki akrur unhean lene vrindavan aye hai. krishna ne nirbhik hokar akrur se bheant ki aur unhean nand ke pas le gaye. yahaan akroor ne kans ka dhanuryag-sandesh sunakar kaha--``raja ne apako gopoan aur bachchoan sahit yah mela dekhane bulaya hai``. akroor doosare din savere baladev aur krishna ko lekar mathura ke lie chale. nand sanbhavat: bachchoan ko n bhejate, kintu akroor ne nand ko samajhaya ki krishna ka yah kartavy hai ki vah apane mata-pita vasudev aur devaki se milean aur unaka kasht door karean. nand ab bhala kaise rokate ? mathura pahuanchane par nitivan akroor ne pratham hi mata-pita se bachchoan ko milana uchit nahi samajha. isaka karan batate hue unhoanne kaha ki isase kans bh dak jayaga aur bana-banaya kam big d jayaga. ve sandhya samay mathura pahuanche the, akroor donoan bhaiyoan ko pahale apane ghar le gaye.

ye vir balak sandhya samay mathura nagari ki shobha dekhane ke lobh ka sanvaran n kar sake. pahali bar unhoanne itana b da nagar dekha tha. ve mukhy s dakoan se hote hue nagar ki shobha dekhane lage.

kans-vadh

mahabharat shaanti parv adhyay-82: krishna:- he devarshi ! jaise purush agriki ichchhase arani kashth mathata hai; vaise hi un jati-logoan ke kahe hue kathor vachanase mera hriday sada mathata tatha jalata hua rahata hai ॥6॥ he narad ! b de bhaee balaram sada bal se, gad sukumarata se aur pradyumn roopase matavale hue hai; isase in sahayakoan ke hote hue bhi maian asahay hua hooan. ॥7॥

krishna-balaram ka nam mathura mean pahale se hi prasiddh ho chuka tha. unake dvara nagar mean pravesh karate hi ek vichitr kolahal paida ho gaya. jin logoan ne unaka virodh kiya ve in balakoan dvara dandit kiye gaye. aise mathuravasiyoan ki sankhya kam n thi jo pratyaksh ya apratyaksh roop se krishna ke prati sahanubhooti rakhate the. inamean kans ke anek bhrity bhi the, jaise sudabh ya gunak namak mali, kubja dasi adi.

kans ke shastragar mean bhi krishna pahuanch gayeaur vahaan ke rakshak ko samapt kar diya. itana karane ke bad krishna-balaram ne rat mean sanbhavat: akroor ke ghar vishram kiya. any puranoan mean yah bat nishchit roop se jnat nahian ho pati ki donoan bhaiyoan ne rat kahaan bitaee. kans ne ye upadravapoorn batean suni. usane chanoor aur mushtik namak apane pahalavanoan ko krishna-balaram ke vadh ke lie sikha-padha diya. shayad kans ne yah bhi socha ki unhean rang bhavan mean ghusane se poorv hi kyoan n hathi dvara kuchalava diya jay, kyoanki bhitar ghusane par ve n jane kaisa vatavaran upasthit kar dean. prat: hote hi donoan bhaee dhanuryag ka drishy dekhane rajabhavan mean ghuse. thik usi samay poorv yojananusar kuvalay namak rajy ke ek bhayankar hathi ne un par prahar kiya. donoan bhaiyoan ne is sankat ko door kiya. bhitar jakar krishna chanoor se aur balaram mushtik se bhi d gaye. in donoan pahalavanoan ko samapt kar krishna ne tosalak namak ek any yoddha ko bhi mara. kans ke shesh yoddhaoan mean atank chha jane aur bhagad d machane ke lie itana krity yathesht tha. isi kolahal mean krishna oopar baithe hue kans par jhapate aur usako bhi kuchh samay bad paralok pahuancha diya. is bhishan kaand ke samay kans ke sunam namak bhrity ne kans ko bachane ki cheshta ki. kintu balaram ne use bich mean hi rok usaka vadh kar dala.

apana kary poora karane ke uparaant dono bhaee sarvapratham apane mata-pita se mile. vasudev aur devaki itane samay bad apane pyare bachchoan se mil kar harsh-gadagad ho gaye. is prakar mata-pita ka kasht door karane ke bad krishna ne kans ke pita ugrasen ko, jo aandhakoan ke neta the, pun: apane pad par pratishthit kiya. samast sangh chahata tha ki krishna neta hoan, kintu krishna ne ugrasen se kaha:-

"mainean kans ko sianhasan ke lie nahian mara hai. ap yadavoan ke neta haian . at: sianhasan par baithean." maloom hota hai ki is par bhi krishna se vishesh anurodh kiya gaya, tab unhoanne nitipoorvak yayati ke shap ka smaran dilakar sianhasan-tyag ki bat kahi. is prakar krishna ne tyag aur door-darshita ka mahan adarsh upasthit kiya.

sanskar

kans-vadh tak krishna ka jivan ek prakar se ajnatavas mean vyatit hua. ek or kans ka atank tha to doosari or akasmik apattiyoan ka kasht. ab inase chhutakara milane par unake vidyadhyayan ki bat chali. vaise to ve dono bhaee pratibhavanh, nitijn tatha sahasi the, parantu rajaty-panrapara ke anusar shastranukool sanskar evan shiksha-prapti avashyak thi. isake lie unhean guru ke ashram mean bheja gaya. vahaan pahuanch kar krishna-balaram ne vidhivath diksha li aur any shastroan ke sath dhanurvidya mean vishesh dakshata prapt ki. vahian unaki sudama brahman se bheant huee, jo unaka guru-bhaee hua. jarasandh ki mathura par chadhaee kans ki mrityu ka samachar pakar magadh-naresh jarasandh bahut-kuddh ho gaya. vah kans ka shvasur tha. jarasandh apane samay ka mahanh samrajyavadi aur kroor shasak tha. usane kitane hi chhote-mote rajaoan ka rajy h dap kar un rajaoan ko bandi bana liya tha. jarasandh ne kans ko apani l dakiyaan sanbhavat: isilie byahi thi jisase ki pashchimi pradeshoan mean bhi usaki dhak bani rahe aur udhar ganarajy ki shakti kamajor p d-jay. kans ki prakriti bhi jarasandh se bahut milati-julati thi. shayad jarasandh ke bal par hi baitha tha. apane jamatri aur sahayak ka is prakar vadh hote dekh jarasandh ka kuddh hona svabhavik hi tha. ab usane shoorasen janapad par chadhaee karane ka pakka vichar kar liya. shoorasen aur magadh ke bich yuddh ka vishesh mahatv hai, isilie harivansh adi puranoan mean isaka varnan vistar se milata hai.

jarasandh ki pahali chadhaee

jarasandh ne poore dal-bal ke sath shoorasen janapad par chadhaee ki. pauranik varnanoan ke anusar usake sahayak karoop ka raja dantavak, chediraj, shishupal, kaliangapati pauandr, bhishmak putr rookmi, kay aanshuman tatha aang, bang, koshal, dasharn, bhadr, trigart adi ke raja the. inake atirikt shalvaraj, pavanadesh ka raja bhagadatt, sauviraraj gandhar ka raja subal nagnajith ka mir ka raja gobhard, darad desh ka raja tatha kauravaraj duryodhan adi bhi usake sahayak the. magadh ki vishal sena ne mathura pahuanch kar nagar ke charoan phatakoan ko gher liya. sattaees dinoan tak jarasandh mathura nagar ko ghere p da raha, par vah mathura ka abhedy durg n jit saka. sanbhavat: samay se pahale hi khady-samagri ke samapt ho jane ke karan use nirash hokar magadh lautana p da. doosari bar jarasandh poori taiyari se shoorasen pahuancha. yadavoan ne apani sena idhar-udhar phaila di. yuvak balaram ne jarasandh ka achchha muqabala kiya. luka-chhipi ke yuddh dvara yadavoan ne magadh-sainy ko bahut chhakaya. shrikrishna janate the ki yadav sena ki sankhya tatha shakti simit hai aur vah magadh ki vishal sena ka khulakar samana nahi kar sakati. isilie unhoanne luka-chhipi vala akraman hi uchit samajha. usaka phal yah hua ki jarasandh pareshan ho gaya aur hatash hokar sasainy laut p da.

puranoan ke anusar jarasandh ne atharah bar mathura par chadhaee ki. satrah bar yah asaphal raha. aantim chadhaee mean usane ek videshi shaktishali shasan kalayavan ko bhi mathura par akraman karane ke lie prerit kiya. krishna baladev ko jab yah jnat hua ki jarasandh aur kalayavan vishal phauj lekar a rahe haian tab unhoanne mathura chho dakar kahian anyatr chale jana hi behatar samajha.

mahabhinishkraman

ab samasya thi ki kahaan jaya jay? yadavoan ne is par vichar kar nishchay kiya ki saurashtr ki dvarakapuri mean jana chahie. yah sthan pahale se hi yadavoan ka prachin kendr tha aur isake as-pas ke bhoobhag mean yadav b di sankhya mean nivas karate the. brajavasi apane pyare krishna ko n jane dena chahate the aur krishna svayan bhi braj ko kyoan chho date? par apattikal mean kya nahian kiya jata? krishna ne matribhoomi ke viyog mean sahanubhooti prakat karate hue brajavasiyoan ko karttavy ka dhyan dilaya aur kaha-
'jarasandh ke sath hamara vigrah ho gaya hai du:kh ki bat hai. usake sadhan prabhoot hai. usake pas vahan, padati aur mitr bhi anek hai. yah mathura chhoti jagah hai aur prabal shatru isake durg ko nasht kiya chahata hai. ham log yahaan sankhya mean bhi bahut badh gaye haian, is karan bhi hamara idhar-udhar phailana avashyak hai.'
is prakar poorv nishchay ke anusar ugrasen, krishna, balaram adi ke netritv mean yadavoan ne bahut b di sankhya mean mathura se prayan kiya aur saurashtr ki nagari dvaravati mean jakar bas gaye. dvaravati ka jirnodvar kiya gaya aur usase b di sankhya mean naye makanoan ka nirman hua. mathura ke itihas mean mahabhinishkraman ki yah ghatana b de mahatv ki hai. yadyapi isake poorv bhi yah nagari kam-se-kam do bar khali ki gee thi-pahali bar shatrudhn-vijay ke uparaant lavan ke anuyayioan dvara aur doosari bar kans ke atyacharoan se oobe hue yadavoan dvara, par jis b de roop mean mathura is tisare avasar par khali huee vaise vah pahale kabhi nahian huee thi. is nishkraman ke uparaant mathura ki abadi bahut kam rah gee hogi. kalayavan aur jarasandh ki sammilit sena ne nagari ko kitani kshati pahuanchaee, isaka samyak pata nahian chalata. yah bhi nahi jnat hota ki jarasandh ne aantim akraman ke phalasvaroop mathura par apana adhikar kar lene ke bad shoorasen janapad ke shasanarth apani or se kisi yadav ko niyukt kiya athava kisi any ko. parantu jaisa ki mahabharat evan puranoan se pata chalata hai, kuchh samay bad hi shri krishna ne b di yukti ke sath [[paandav|paandavoan ki sahayata se jarasandh ka vadh kara diya. at: mathura par jarasandh ka adhipaty adhik kal tak n rah saka.

balaram ka pun: braj-agaman

sanbhavat: ukt mahabhinishkraman ke bad krishna phir kabhi braj n laut sake. dvaraka mean jivan ki jatil samasyaoan mean phans kar bhi krishna brajabhoomi, nand-yashoda tatha sath mean khele gop-gopiyoan ko bhoole nahi. unhean braj ki sudhi pray: aya karati thi. at: balaram ko unhoanne bheja ki ve vahaan jakar logoan ko saantvana dean. balaram braj mean do mas tak rahe. is samay ka upayog bhi unhoanne achchhe dhang se kiya. ve krishi-vidya mean nipun the. unhoannean apane kaushal se vrindavan se door bahane vali yamuna mean is prakar se baandh baandha ki vah vrindavan ke pas se hokar bahane lagi.

krishna aur paandav

dvaraka pahuanch kar krishna ne vahaan sthayi roop se nivas karane ka vichar dridh kiya aur avashyak vyavastha mean lag gaye. jab panchal ke raja drupad dvara draupadi-svayanvar tatha madhy-bhed ki bat charoan taraph phaili to krishna bhi us svayanvar mean gaye. vahaan unaki bua ke l dake paandav bhi maujood the. yahi se paandavoan ke sath krishna ki ghanishtata ka aranmbh hua. paandav arjun ne madhy bhed kar draupadi ko prapt kar liya aur is prakar apani dhanurvidya ka kaushal anek desh ke rajaoan ke samaksh prakat kiya. isase krishna bahut prasann hue. arjun ke prati ve vishesh roop se akrisht hue. ve paandavoan ke sath hastinapur laute. kururaj dhritarashtr ne paandavoan ko indraprasth ke as-pas ka pradesh diya tha. paandavoan ne krishna ke dvaraka-sanbandhi anubhav ka labh uthaya. unaki sahayata se unhoannean jangal ke ek bhag ko saph kara kar indraprasth nagar ko achchhean dhang se basaya. isak bad krishna dvaraka laut gaye. krishna ke dvaraka lautane ke kuchh samay bad arjun tirthayatra ke lie nikale. anek sthanoan mean hote hue ve prabhas kshetr pahuanchean. krishna ne jab yah suna tab ve prabhas jakar apane priy sakha arjun ko apane sath dvarika le aye. yahaan arjun ka badha svagat hua. un dinoan raivatak parvat par yadavoan ka mela lagata tha. is melean mean arjun bhi krishna ke sath gaye. unhoannean yahaan subhadra ko dekha aur us par mohit ho gaye. krishna ne kaha-subhadra meri bahin hai, par yadi tum usase vivah karana chahate ho to use yahaan se har kar le ja sakate ho, kyoan ki vir kshatriyoan ke dvara vivah hetu stri ka haran niandy nahian, balki shreshth mana jata hai.

arjun subhadra ko bhaga le chale. jab isaki khabar yadavoan ko lagi to unamean b di halachal mach gee. sabhapal ne soochana dekar sab gan-mukhyoan ko sudharma-bhavan mean bulaya, jahaan is vishay par b da vad-vivad hua. balaram arjun ke is vyavahar se atyant kruddh ho gaye the aur unhoanne pran kiya ki ve is apaman ka badala avashy leangean. krishna ne b di kushalata ke sath arjun ke kary ka samarthan kiya. shrimanh krishna ne nirbhik hokar kaha ki arjun ne kshatriyochit kary hi kiya hai. krishna ke akaty tarkoan ke age kisi ki n chali. unhoanne sabako samajha-bujhakar shaant kiya. phir ve balaram tatha kuchh any aandhak-vrishniyoan ke sath b di dhoomadham se dahej ka saman lekar paandavoan ke pas ianndraprasth pahuanche. any log to shighr indraprasth se dvaraka laut aye, kiantu krishna kuchh samay vahaan thahar gaye. is bar paandavoan ke rajy ke aantargat khaandav van namak sthan mean bhayankar agnikaand ho gaya, kiantu krishna aur arjun ke prayatnoan se agni bujha di gee aur vahaan ke nivasi may tatha any danavoan ki raksha ki ja saki.

paandavoan ka rajasooy yajn aur jarasandh ka vadh

kuchh samay bad yudhishthir ne rajasooy yajn ki taiyariyaan aranbh kar di. aur avashyak paramarsh ke lie krishnaa ko bulaya. krishna indraprasth aye aur unhone rajasooy yajn ke vichar ki pushti ki. unhoanne yah sujhav diya ki pahale atyachari shasakoan ko nasht kar diya jay aur usake bad yajn ka ayojan kiya jay. krishna ne yudhishthir ko sabase pahale jarasandh par chadhaee karane ki mantrana di. tadnusar bhim aur arjun ke sath krishna ravana hue aur kuchh samay bad magadh ki rajadhani giribraj pahuanch gaye. krishna ki niti saphal huee aur unhoanne bhim ke dvara mallayuddh mean jarasandh ko marava dala. jarasandh ki mrityu ke bad krishna ne usake putr sahadev ko magadh ka raja banaya. phir unhoanne giribraj ke karagar mean band bahut se rajaoan ko mukt kiya. is prakar krishna ne jarasandh-jaise mahaparakrami aur kroor shasak ka ant kar b da yash paya. jarasandh ke pashchat paandavoan ne bharat ke any kitane hi rajaoan ko jita.

ab paandavoan ka rajasooy yajn b di dhoomadham se arambh hua. krishna ne yajn mean aye hue brahmanoan ke pair adar-bhav se dhoye. brahmachari bhishm ne krishna ki prashansa ki tatha unaki `agrapooja` karane ka prastav kiya. sahadev ne sarvapratham krishnako ardhyadan diya. chedi-naresh shishupal krishna ke is samman ko sahan n kar saka aur ulati-sidhi batean karane laga. usane yudhishthir se kaha ki 'krishna n to rritvikh hai, n raja aur n achary. keval chapaloosi ke karan tumane usaki pooja ki hai.' shishupal do karanoan se krishna se vishesh dvesh manata tha-pratham to vidarbh kanya rookmini ke karan, jisako krishna har laye the aur shishupal ka manorath apoorn rah gaya tha. doosare jarasandh ke vadh ke karan, jo shishupal ka ghanishth mitr tha. jab shishupal yajn mean krishna ke atirikt bhishm aur paandavoan ki bhi nianda karane laga tab krishna se n saha gaya aur unhoanne use mukh band karane ki chetavani di. kiantu vah chup nahian rah saka. krishna ne ant mean shishupal ko yajn mean hi samapt kar diya. ab paandavoan ka rajasoory yajn poora hua. par is yajn tatha paandavoan ki badhati ko dekh unake pratidvandvi kauravoan ke man mean vidvesh ki agni prajvalit ho uthi aur ve paandavoan ko nicha dikhane ka upay sochane lage.

yuddh ki prishth bhoomi

yajn ke samapt ho jane par krishna yudhishthir se ajna le dvaraka laut gaye. isake kuchh samay uparaant duryodhan ne apane mama shakuni ki sahayata se chhal dvara jue mean paandavoan ko hara diya aur unhean is shart par terah varsh ke lie nirvasit kar diya ki aantim varsh unhean ajnatavas karana p dega. paandav draupadi ke sath kamyakavan ki or chale gaye. unake sath sahanubhooti rakhane vale bahut se log kamyak van mean pahuanche, jahaan paandav thahare the. bhoj, vrishni aur aandhak-vanshi yadav tatha panchal-naresh drupad bhi unase mile. krishna ko jab yah sab jnat hua to vah shighr paandavoan se milane aye. unaki dasha dekh tatha draupadi ki akroshapoorn prarthana sun krishna dravit ho uthe. unhoanne draupadi ko vachan diya ki ve paandavoan ki sab prakar se sahayata karegean aur unaka rajy vapas dilaveange. isake bad krishna subhadra tatha usake bachche abhimanyu ko lekar dvaraka vapas gaye. paandavoan ne ajnatavas ka ek sal raja virat ke yahaan vyatit kiya. kauravoan ne virat par chadhaee kar unake pashu chhin liye the, par paandavoan ki sahayata se virat ne kauravoan par vijay paee aur apane pashuoan ko lauta liya. virat ko ant mean yah jnat hua ki unake yahaan paandav gupt roop se ab tak nivas karate rahe the. unhoanne apani putri uttara ka vivah arjun ke putr abhimanyu ke sath kar diya. is vivah mean abhimanyu ke mama krishna baladev bhi sammilit hue.

isake uparaant virat nagar mean sabha huee aur usamean vichar kiya gaya ki kauravoan se paandavoan ka samajhauta kis prakar karaya jay. balaram ne kaha ki shakuni ka is jhag de mean koee dosh nahi tha; yudhishthir usake sath jua khelane hi kyoan gaye ? haan, yadi kisi prakar sandhi ho jay to achchha hai. satyaki aur drupad ko balaram ki ye bate achchhi nahian lagi. krishna ne drupad ke kathan ki pushti karate hue kaha ki kaurav avashy doshi hai. atan mean sarv-sammati se yah tay hua ki sandhi ke lie kisi yogy vyakti ko duryodhan ke pas bheja jay. drupad ne apane purohit ko is kam ke lie bheja. krishna is sabha mean sammilit hone ke bad dvaraka chale gaye. sandhi ki bat tab n ho saki. durdhodhan paandavoan ko paanch gaanv tak dene ki raji n hua. ab yuddh anivary janakar duryodhan aur arjun donoan shri krishna ne sahayata prapt karane ke lie dvaraka pahuanche. nitijn krishna ne pahale duryodhan ne poochha ki tum mujhe loge ya meri sena ko ? duryodhan ne tattkal sena maangi. krishna ne arjun ko vachan diya ki vah usake sarathi banegean aur svayan shastr n grahan karegean.

krishna arjun ke sath indraprasth a gaye. krishna ke ane par paandavoan ne phir ek sabha ki aur nishchay kiya ki ek bar sandhi ka aur prayatn kiya jay. yudhishthir ne apana mat prakat karane hue kaha- ham paanch bhaiyoan ko avisthal, vrikasthal, makandi, varanabat aur ek koee any gaanv nirvah matr ke lie chahie. itane par hi ham man jayegean, anyatha yuddh ke lie prastut hona p dega. unake is kathan ka samarthan any logoan ne lie prastut hona p dega. unake is kathan ka samarthan any logoan ne bhi kiya. vah tay hua ki is bar sandhi ka prastav lekar krishna kauravoan ke pas jaye. krishna sandhi karane ko bahut ichchhuk the. unhoanne duryodhan ki sabha mean jakar use samajhaya aur kaha ki keval paanch gaanv paandavoan ko dekar jhag da samapt kar diya jay. parantu abhimani duryodhan spasht kah diya ki bina yuddh ke vah paandavoan ko suee ki noank ke barabar bhi zamin n dega.

mahabharat yuddh

is prakar krishna bhi sandhi karane mean asaphal hue. ab yuddh anivary ho gaya. donoan paksh apani-apani senaean taiyar karane lage. is bhanyakar yuddhagni mean ichchha ya anichchha se ahuti dene ko pray: sare bharat ke shasak shamil hue. paandavoan ki or madhsy, panchal, chedi, karoosh, pashchimi magadh, kashi aur kanshal ke raja hue. saurashtr-gujarat ke vrishni yadav bhi paandavo ke paksh mean rahe. krishna, yuyandhan aur satyaki in yadavoan ke pramukh neta the. brajaram adyapi kauravoan ke pakshapati the, to bhi unhoanne kaurav-paandav yuddh mean bhag lena uchit n samajha aur ve tirth-paryatan ke lie chale gaye. kauravoan ki aur shoorasen pradesh ke yadav tatha mahishmati, avanti, vidarbh aur nishad desh ke yadav hue. inake atirikt poorv mean bangal, asam, u disa tatha uttar-pashchim evan pashchim bharat ke bare raja aur vats desh ke shasak kauravoan ki or rahe. is prakar madhyadesh ka adhikaansh, gujarat aur saurashtr ka b da bhag paandavoan ki or tha aur pray: sara poorv, uttar-pashchim aur pashchimi viandhy kauravoan ki taraph. paandavoan ki kul sena sat akshauhini tatha kauravoan ki gyarah akshauhini thi.

donoan or ki senaean yuddh ke lie taiyar huee. krishna, dhrishtadyumn tatha satvaki ne paandav-sainy ki byooh-rachana ki. kurukshetr ke prasiddh maidan mean donoan senaean ek-doosare ke samane a datian. arjun ke sarathi krishna the. yuddhasthal mean apane parijanoan adi ko dekhakar arjun ke chitt mean vishad utpann hua aur usane yuddh karane se iankar kar diya. tab shrikrishna ne arjun ko gita ke nishkam karmayog ka upadesh diya aur usaki bhraanti door ki. ab arjun ke yuddh ke lie poornataya prastut ho gaya. atharah din tak yah mahabhishan sangram hota raha. desh ka apar jan-dhan isamean svaha ho gaya. kauravoan ke shaktishali senapati bhishm, dron, karn, shaly adi dharashayi ho gaye. atharahavean din duryodhan mara gaya aur mahabharat yuddh ki samapti huee. yadyapi paandav is yuddh mean vijayi hue, par unhean shaanti n mil saki. charoan aur unhean kshobh aur nirasha dikhaee p dane lagi. shrikrishna ne sharashayya par lete hue bhishmapitamah se yudhishthar ko upadesh dilavaya. phir hastinapur mean rajyabhishek-utsav sampann kara kar ve dvaraka laut gaye. paandavoan ne kuchh samay bad ek ashvamedh yajn kiya aur is prakar ve bharat ke chakravarti samrath ghoshit hue. krishna bhi is yajn mean sammilit hue aur phir dvaraka vapas chale gaye. yah krishna ki aantim hastinapur yatra thi. ab ve vriddh ho chuke the. mahabharat-sangram mean unhean jo anavarat parishram karana p da usaka bhi unake svasthy par prabhav p dana svabhavik tha.

shrikrishna ka dvaraka ka jivan

dvaraka ke vishay mean oopar likha ja chuka hai ki yah nagar bilakul navin nahi tha. vaivasvat manu ke ek putr sharyati ko shasan mean pashchimi bharat ka bhag mila tha. sharyati ke putr anart ke nam par kathiyava d aur samip ke kuchh pradesh ka nam anant prasiddh hua. usaki rajadhani kushasthali ke dhvansavasheshoan par krishna kalin dvaraka ki sthapana huee. yahaan akar krishna ne ugrasen ko vrishnigan ka pramukh banaya. dvaraka mean krishna ke vaiyaktik jivan ki pahali mukhy ghatana thi-kuandinapur ki suandari rajakumari rookmini ke sath vivah. harivansh puran mean yah katha vistar se di huee hai. rookmini ka bhaee rookmi tha. vah apani bahan ka vivah chediraj shishupal se karana chahata tha. magadharaj jarasandh bhi yahi chahata tha. kiantu kuandinapur ka raja krishna ko hi apani kanya dena chahata tha. rookmini svayan bhi krishna ko varana chahati thi. unake sauandary aur shaury ki prashansa sun rakhi thi. rookmini ka svayanvar racha gaya aur vahaan se krishna use har le gaye. jin logoan ne unaka virodh kiya ve parajit hue. is ghatana se shishupal krishna ke prati gahara dvesh manane laga.

harivansh ke anusar balaram ka vivah bhi dvaraka jakar hua. sanbhavat: pahale balaram ka vivah hua, phir krishna ka. bad ke puranoan mean balaram aur revati ki vichitr katha milati hai. krishna ki any patniyaan-rookmini ke atirikt krishna ki sat any patniyaan hone ka ullekh pray: sabhi puranoan mean milata hai. inake nam satyabhama, jaanbavati, kaliandi, mitravianda, satya, bhadra aur lakshman diye haian. inamean se koee ko to unake mata-pita ne vivah mean pradan kiya aur shesh ko krishna vijay mean prapt kar laye. sataann-puranoan se jnat hota hai ki krishna ke santanoan ki sankhya b di thi . rookmini se das putr aur ek kanya thi inamean sabase b da pradyumn tha. bhagavatadi puranoan mean krishna ke grihasth-jivan tatha unaki dainik charya ka hal vistar se milata hai. pradyumn ke putr anirooddh ka vivah shonitapur ke raja vanasur ki putri oosha ke sath hua.

yadavoan ka aant

aandhak-vrishni yadav b di sankhya mean mahabharat yuddh mean kam aye. jo shesh bache ve apas mean mil-jul kar adhik samay tak n rah sake. shrikrishna-balaram ab kaphi vriddh ho chuke the aur sanbhavat: yadavoan ke oopar unaka prabhav bhi kam ho gaya tha. pauranik vivaranoan se pata chalata hai ki yadavoan mean vikas ki vriddhi ho chali thi aur ye madira-pan adhik karane lage the. krishna-balaram ke samajhane par bhi aishvary se matt yadav n mane aur ve kee daloan mean vibhakt ho gaye. ek din prabhas ke mele mean, jab yadav log varuni ke nashean mean choor the, ve apas mean l dane lage. vah jhag da itana badh gaya ki aant mean ve samoohik roop se kat mare. is prakar yadavoan ne grih-yuddh apana ant kar liya.

aantim samay

prabhas ke yadavayuddh mean char pramukh vyaktiyoan ne bhag nahi liya, jisase ve bach gaye. ye the-krishna, balaram, daruk sarathi aur babhru. balaram du:khi hokar samudr ki or chale gaye aur vahaan se phir unaka pata nahi chala. krishna b de marmahat hue. ve dvaraka gaye aur daruk ko arjun ke pas bheja ki vah akar stri-bachchoan ko hastinapur liva le jayean. kuchh striyoan ne jal kar pran de diye. arjun aye aur shesh stri-bachchoan ko liva kar chale. kahate hai marg mean pashchimi rajapootana ke jangali abhiroan se arjun ko muqabala karana p da. kuchh striyoan ko abhiroan ne loot liya. shesh ko arjun ne shalb desh aur kuru desh mean basa diya. krishna shokakul hokar ghane van mean chale gaye the. ve chiantit ho lete hue the ki jara namak ek baheliyean ne harin ke bhram se tir mara. vah van shrikrishna ke pair mean laga, jisase shighr hi unhoanne is sansar ko chho d diya. mrityu ke samay ve sanbhavat: 100varsh se kuchh oopar the. krishna ke dehaant ke bad dvapar ka aant aur kaliyug ka aranbh hua. shrikrishna ke aant ka itihas vastav mean yadav gan-tantr ke aant ka itihas hai. krishna ke bad unake prapautr bajr yaduvansh ke uttaradhikari hue. puranoan ke anusar ve mathura aye aur is nagar ko unhoanne apana kendr banaya. kahi-kahian unhean indraprasth ka shasak kaha gaya hai.

aandhak-vrishni sangh

yadavoan ke aandhak-vrishni sangh ka ullekh oopar kiya ja chuka hai. is sangh ki kary-pranali ganatantratmak thi aur bahut samay tak vah achchhe dhang se chalati rahi. prachin sahityik ullekhoan se pata chalata hai ki aandhak-vrishni-sangh kaphi prasiddhi prapt kar chuka tha. isaka mukhy karan yahi tha ki sangh ke dvara ganarajy ke sid़hdhaantoan ka samyakh roop se palan hota tha; chune hue netaoan par vishvas kiya jata tha. aisa pratit hota hai ki kalaantar mean aandhakoan aur vrishniyoan ki alag-alag manyataean ho gee aur unamean kee dal ho gaye. pratyek dal ab apana rajanaitik pramukh sthapit karane ke lie prayatnashil rahane laga. inaki sabhaoan mean sadasyoan ko ji bhar kar avashyak vivad karane ki svatantrata thi. ek dal doosare ki alochana bhi karata tha. jis prakar ajakal achchhe se achchhe samajik karyakartaoan ki bhi buraiyaan hoti hai, usi prakar us samay bhi aise dalagat akshep hua karate the. mahabharat ke shaanti parv ke 82 vean adhyay mean ek aise vad-vivad ka varnan hai jo tatkalin prajatantratmak pranali ka achchha chitr upasthit karata hai. yah varnan shrikrishna aur narad ke bich sanvad ke roop mean hai. usaka hiandi anuvad niche diya jata hai .

vasudev uvach

• devarshe! jo vyakti suhrid n ho, jo suhrid to ho kintu pandit n ho tatha jo suhrid aur pandit to ho kintu apane man ko vash mean n kar saka ho- ye tinoan hi param gopaniy mantrana ko sunane ya janane ke adhikari nahian haian.(3)
• svarg vicharanevale naradaji! maian apake sauhard par bharosa rakhakar apase kuchh nivedan karooanga. manushy kisi vyakti buddhi-bal ki poornata dekhakar hi usase kuchh poochhata ya jijnasa prakat karata hai.(4)
• maian apani prabhuta prakashit karake jati-bhaiyoan, kutumbi-janoan ko apana das banana nahian chahata. mujhe jo bhog prapt hote haian, unaka adha bhag hi apane upabhog mean lata hooan, shesh adha bhag kutumbijanoan ke liye hi chho d deta hooan aur unaki k davi batoan ko sunakar bhi kshama kar deta hooan. (5)
• devarshe! jaise agni ko prakat karane ki ichchha vala purush aranikashth ka manthan karata hai, usi prakar in kutumbi-janoan ka katuvachan mere hraday ko sada mathata aur jalata rahata hai.(6)
• narad ji! b de bhaee balaram mean sada hi asim bal hai; ve usi mean mast rahate haian. chhote bhaee gad mean atyant sukumarata hai (at: vah parishram se door bhagata hai); rah gaya beta pradyumn, so vah apane roop-saundary ke abhiman se hi matavala bana rahata hai. is prakar in sahayakoan ke hote hue bhi maian asahay hooan.(7)
• narad ji! andhak tatha vrishni vansh mean aur bhi bahut se vir purush haian, jo mahan saubhagyashali, balavan evan du:sah parakrami haian, ve sab ke sab sada udyogashil bane rahate haian.(8)
• ye vir jisake paksh mean n hoan, usaka jivit rahana asambhav hai aur jisake paksh mean ye chale jaean, vah sara ka sara samuday hi vijayi ho jae. parantu ahuk aur akroor ne apas mean vaimanasy rakhakar mujhe is tarah avaruddh kar diya hai ki maian inamean kisi ek ka paksh nahian le sakata.(9)
• apas mean l dane vale ahuk aur akroor donoan hi jisake svajan hoan, usake liye isase badhakar du:kh ki bat aur kya hogi? aur ve donoan hi jisake suhridh n hoan, usake liye bhi isase badhakar aur du:kh kya ho sakata hai? (kyoanki aise mitroan ka n rahana bhi mahanh du:khadayi hota hai)(10)
• mahamate! jaise do juariyoan ki ek hi mata ek ki jit chahati hai to doosare ki bhi parajay nahian chahati, usi prakar maian bhi in donoan suhridoan mean se ek ki vijay kamana karata hooan to doosare ki parajay nahian chahata. (11)
• narad ji! is prakar maian sada ubhay paksh ka hit chahane ke karan donoan or se kasht pata rahata hooan. aisi dasha mean mera apana tatha in jati-bhaiyoan ka bhi jis prakar bhala ho, vah upay ap batane ki kripa karean. (12)

narad uvach

• narad ji ne kaha- vrishninandan shrikrishna! apattiyaan do prakar ki hoti haian- ek brahm aur doosari abhyantar. ve donoan hi svakrit aur parakrit bhed se do-do prakar ki hoti haian. (13)
• akroor aur ahuk se utpann huee yah kashtadayini apatti jo ap ko prapt huee hai, abhyantar hai aur apani hi karatootoan se prakat hooee hai. ye sabhi jinake nam apane ginaye haian, apake hi vansh haian. (14)
  
• apane svayan jis aishvary ko prapt kiya tha, use kisi prayojan vash ya svechchha se athava katuvachan se darakar doosare ko de diya. (15)
• sahayashali shri krishna! is samay ugrasen ko diya hua vah aishvary dridhamool ho chuka hai. ugrasen ke sath jati ke log bhi sahayak haian; at: ugale hue ann ki bhaanti ap us diye hue aishvary ko vapas nahian le sakate. (16)
• shri krishna! akroor aur ugrasen ke adhikar mean ge hue rajy ko bhaee-bandhuoan mean phoot p dane ke bhay se any ki to kaun kahe itane shaktishali hokar svayan bhi ap kisi tarah vapas nahian le sakate. (17)
• b de prayatn se atyant dushkar karm mahanh sanhararoop yuddh karane par rajy ko vapas lene ka kary siddh ho sakata hai, parantu isamean dhan ka bahut vyay aur asankhy manushyoan ka pun: vinash hoga. (18)
• at: shri krishna! ap ek aise komal shastr se, jo loho ka bana hua n hone par bhi hriday ko chhed dalane mean samarth hai , parimarjan aur anumarjan karake un sabaki jibh ukha d lean- unhean mook bana dean(jisase phir kalah ka arambh n ho) (19)

vasudev uvach

• bhagavan shri krishna ne kaha- mune! bina lohe ke bane hue us komal shastr ko maian kaise janooan, jisake dvara parimarjan aur anumarjan karake in sabaki jihva ko ukha d looan.(20)

narad uvach

• narad ji ne kaha- shri krishna! apani shakti ke anusar sada annadan karana, sahanashilata, saralata, komalata tatha yathayogy poojan (adar-satkar) karana yahi bina lohe ka bana hua shastr hai. (21)
• jab sajatiy bandhu ap ke prati k davi tatha ochhi batean kahana chahean, us samay ap madhur vachan bolakar unake hriday, vani tatha man ko shant kar dean. (22)
• jo mahapurush nahian hai, jisane apane man ko vash mean nahian kiya hai tatha jo sahayakoan se satpann nahian hai, vah koee bhari bhar nahian utha sakata. at: ap hi is gurutar bhar ko hriday se uthakar vahan karean. (23)
• samatal bhoomipar sabhi bail bhari bhar vahan kar lete haian; parantu durgam bhoomi par kathinaee se vahan karane yogy gurutar bhar ko achchhe bail hi dhote haian. (24)
• keshav! ap is yadavasangh ke mukhiya haian. yadi isamean phoot ho gayi to is samooche sangh ka vinash ho jaega; at: ap aisa karean jisase ap ko pakar is sangh ka- is yadavaganatantr rajy ka moolochchhed n ho jae. (25)
• buddhi, kshama aur indriy-nigrah ke bina tatha dhan-vaibhav ka tyag kiye bina koee gan athava sangh kisi buddhiman purush ki ajna ke adhin nahian rahata hai. (26)
• shri krishna! sada apane paksh ki aisi unnati honi chahie jo dhan, yash tatha ayu ki vriddhi karane vali ho aur kutumbijanoan mean se kisi ka vinash n ho. yah sab jaise bhi sambhav ho, vaisa hi kijiye. (27)
• prabhu! sandhi, vigrah, yan, asan, dvaidhibhav aur samashray- in chhahoan gunoan ke yathasamay prayog se tatha shatru par chadhaee karane ke lie yatra karane par vartaman ya bhavishy mean kya parinam nikalega? yah sab ap se chhipa nahian hai.(28)
• mahabahu madhav! kukur, bhoj, andhak aur vrishni vansh ke sabhi yadav ap mean prem rakhate haian. doosare log aur lokeshvar bhi ap mean anurag rakhate haian. auroan ki to bat hi kya hai? b de-b de rrishi-muni bhi apaki buddhi ka ashray lete haian.(29)
• ap samast praniyoan ke guru haian. bhoot, vartaman aur bhavishy ko janate haian. ap jaise yadukulatilak mahapurush ka ashray lekar hi samast yadav sukhapoorvak apani unnati karate haian.(30)

ukt uddharan se jnat hota hai ki aandhak-vrishni sandh mean shastr ke anusar vyavahar (nyay) sanpadit hota tha. aantar aur vahm vibhag, arth vibhag-ye sab niyamit roop se shasit hote the. gan-mukhy ka kam karyavahak pran-pradhan (rajany) dekhata tha. gan-mukhyoan-akrur aandhak, ahuk adi-ki samaj mean pratishtha thi. aandhak-vrishniyoan ka mantragan sudharma nam se vikhyat tha. samay-samay par parishadh ki baithakean mahatvapoorn vishayoan par vichar karane ke lie hua karati thi. `sabhapal' parishadh bulata tha. pratyek sadassy ko apana mat nirbhikata se samane rakhane ka adhikar tha. jo apane mat ka sarvottam dhang se samarthan karata vah parishadh ko prabhavit kar sakata tha. gan-mukhy alag-alag shakhaoan ke neta hote the. rajy ke vibhinn vibhag unake nirikshan mean kary karate the. in shakhaoan ya jatiy sanghoan ko apani-apani niti ke anusar kary karane ki svatantrata thi mahabharat mean yadavoan ki kuchh shakhaean isi karan padanvoan ki or se l di aur kuchh kauravoan ki or se . isase spasht hai ki mahabharatayuddh ke samajh jatiy-sanghoan ka kaphi jor ho gaya tha.

vithika

• chitr:krishna-birth2.jpg

  krishna
  Krishna

• chitr:Vasudev-Krishna.jpg

  krishna
  Krishna

• chitr:Radha-Krishna-Janmbhumi-Mathura-1.jpg

  radha-krishna, krishna janmabhoomi, mathura
  Radha - Krishna, Krishna's Birth Place, Mathura

• chitr:makhanchor.jpg

  krishna
  Krishna

• chitr:cheer-haran.jpg

  krishna
  Krishna

• chitr:Radha-Krishna-1.jpg

  radha-krishna
  Radha-Krishna

• chitr:krishna-arjun1.jpg

  krishna-arjun
  Krishna-Arjuna