वैदिक वाङ्मय का शास्त्रीय स्वरूप

vaidik vanmay ka shastriy svaroop
sanskrit sahity ki shabd-rachana ki drishti se 'ved' shabd ka arth jnan hota hai, parantu isaka prayog sadharanataya jnan ke arth mean nahian kiya jata. hamare maharshiyoan ne apani tapasya ke dvara jis 'shashvat jyoti' ka paramparagat shabd-roop se sakshatkar kiya, vahi shabd-rashi 'ved' hai. ved anadi haian aur paramatma ke svaroop haian. maharshiyoan dvara pratyaksh drisht hone ke karan inamean kahian bhi asaty ya avishvas ke liye sthan nahian hai. ye nity haian aur mool mean purush-jati se asambaddh hone ke karan apaurushey kahe jate haian.

pramanikata

ved anadi apaurushey aur nity haian tatha unaki pramanikata svat: siddh hai, is prakar ka mat astik siddhantavale sabhi pauranikoan evan saankhy, yog, mimaansa aur vedant ke darshanikoan ka hai. nyay aur vaisheshik ke darshinakoan ne ved ko apaurushey nahian mana hai, par ve bhi inhean parameshvar (purushottam)- dvara nirmit, parantu poorvanuroopi ka hi manate haian. in donoan shakhaoan ke darshanikoan ne ved ko param praman mana hai aur anupoorvi (shabdochcharanakram)- ko srishti ke arambh se lekar ab tak avichchhinn-roop se pravritt mana hai.

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jo ved ko praman nahian manate, ve astik nahian kahe jate. at: sabhi astik matavale ved ko praman manane mean ekamat haian, keval nyay aur vaisheshik darshanikoan ki apaurushey manane ki shaili bhinn hai. nastik darshanikoan ne vedoan ko bhinn-bhinn vyaktiyoan dvara racha hua granth mana hai. charvak matavaloan ne to ved ko nishkriy logoan ki jivika ka sadhan tak kah dala hai. at: nastik darshan vale ved ko n to anadi n apaurushey, aur n nity hi manate haian tatha n inaki pramanikata mean hi vishvas karate haian. isiliye ve nastik kahalate haian. astik darshanashastroan ne is mat ka yukti, tark evan praman se poora khandan kiya hai.

ved char haian

vartaman kal mean ved char mane jate haian. unake nam haian-

1. rrigved,
2. yajurved,
3. samaved aur
4. atharvaved.

dvapar yug ki samapti ke poorv vedoan ke ukt char vibhag alag-alag nahian the. us samay to 'rrikh', 'yaju:' aur 'sam'- in tin shabd-shailiyoan ki sangrahatmak ek vishisht adhyayaniy shabd-rashi hi ved kahalati thi. yahaan yah kahana bhi aprasangik nahian hoga ki paramapita parameshvar ne pratyek kalp ke arambh mean sarvapratham brahmaji (parameshthi prajapati)- ke hriday mean samast vedoan ka pradurbhav karaya tha, jo unake charoan mukhoan mean sarvada vidyaman rahate haian. brahma ji ki rrishi santanoan ne age chalakar tapasya dvara isi shabd-rashi ka sakshatkar kiya aur pathan-pathan ki pranali se inaka sanrakshan kiya.

trayi

vishv mean shabd-prayog ki tin hi shailiyaan hoti haian; jo pady (kavita), gady aur gan roop se jan-sadharan mean prasiddh haian. pady mean akshar-sankhya tatha pad evan viram ka nishchit niyam rahata hai. at: nishchit akshar-sankhya aur pad evan viram vale ved-mantroan ki sanjna 'rrikh' hai. jin mantroan mean chhand ke niyamanusar akshar-sankhya aur pad evan viram rrishidrisht nahian haian, ve gadyatmak mantr 'yaju:' kahalate haian aur jitane mantr ganatmak haian, ve mantr 'sam' kahalate haian. in tin prakar ki shabd-prakashan-shailiyoan ke adhar par hi shastr evan lok mean ved ke liye 'trayi' shabd ka bhi vyavahar kiya jata hai. 'trayi' shabd se aisa nahian samajhana chahiye ki vedoan ki sankhya hi tin haian, kyoanki 'trayi' shabd ka vyavahar shabd-prayog ki shaili ke adhar par hai.

shruti-amnay

ved ke pathan-pathan ke kram mean guru mukh se shravan kar svayan abhyas karane ki prakriya ab tak hai. aj bhi guru mukh se shravan kiye bina keval pustak ke adhar par hi mantrabhyas karana nindaniy evan nishphal mana jata hai. is prakar ved ke sanrakshan evan saphalata ki drishti se guru mukh se shravan karane evan use yad karane ka atyant mahattv hai. isi karan ved ko 'shruti' bhi kahate haian. ved parishramapoorvak abhyas dvara sanrakshaniy hai. is karan isaka nam 'amnay' bhi hai. trayi, shruti aur amnay- ye tinoan shabd astik granthoan mean ved ke liye vyavahrit kiye jate haian.

char ved

us samay (dvaparayug ki samapti ke samay) mean bhi ved ka padhana aur abhyas karana saral kary nahian tha. kali yug mean manushyoan ki shaktihinata aur kam ayu hone ki bat ko dhyan mean rakhakar ved purush bhagavan narayan ke avatar shrikrishnadvaipayan vedavyas ji maharaj ne yajnanushthan ke upayog ko drishtigat rakhakar us ek ved ke char vibhag kar diye aur in charoan vibhagoan ki shiksha char shishyoan ko di. ye hi char vibhag ajakal rrigved, yajurved aur atharvaved ke nam se prasiddh haian. pail, vaishampayan, jaimini aur sumantu namak- in char shishyoan ne apane-apane adhit vedoan ke sanrakshan evan prasar ke liye shakal adi bhinn-bhinn shishyoan ko padhaya. un shishyoan ke manoyog evan prachar ke karan ve shakhaean unhian ke nam se aj tak prasiddh ho rahi haian. yahaan yah kahana anuchit nahian hoga ki shakha ke nam se sambandhit koee bhi muni mantradrashta rrishi nahian hai aur n vah shakha usaki rachana hai. shakha ke nam se sambandhit vyakti ka us vedashakha ki rachana se sambandh nahian hai, apitu prachar evan sanrakshan ke karan sambandh hai.

karmakand mean bhinn vargikaran

vedoan ka pradhan lakshy adhyatmik jnan dena hi hai, jisase prani matr is asar sansar ke bandhanoan ke moolabhoot karanoan ko samajhakar isase mukti pa sake. at: ved mean karmakand aur jnanakand –in donoan vishayoan ka sarvaangin niroopan kiya gaya hai. vedoan ka prarambhik bhag karmakand hai aur vah jnanakand vale bhag se bahut adhik hai. karmakand mean yajnanushthan-sambandhi vidhi-nishedh adi ka sarvaangin vivechan hai. is bhag ka pradhan upayog yajnanushthan mean hota hai. jin adhikari vaidik vidvanoan ko yajn karane ka yajaman dvara adhikar prapt hota hai, unako 'rritvik' kahate haian. shrautayajn mean in rritvijoan ke char gan haian. samast rritvikh char vargoan mean bantakar apana-apana kary karate hue yajn ko sarvagiann banate haian. ganoan ke nam haian-

1. hotrigan,
2. adhvaryugan,
3. udgatrigan aur
4. brahmagan.

uparyukt charoan ganoan ya vargoan ke liye upayogi mantroan ke sangrah ke anusar ved char hue haian. unaka vibhajan is prakar kiya gaya hai-

1. rrigved- isamean hotrivarg ke liye upayogi mantroan ka sankalan hai. isaka nam rrigved isaliye p da hai ki isamean 'rrikh' sanjnak (padyabaddh) mantroan ki adhikata hai. isamean hotrivarg ke upayogi gadyatmak (yaju:) svaroop ke bhi kuchh mantr haian. isaki mantr-sankhya any vedoan ki apeksha adhik hai. isake kee mantr any vedoan mean bhi milate haian. samaved mean to rrigved ke mantr hi adhik haian. svatantr mantr kam haian.
2. yajurved- isamean yajnanushtan-sambandhi adhvaryuvarg ke upayogi mantroan ka sankalan hai. isaka nam yajurved isaliye p da hai ki isamean 'gadyatmak' mantroan ki adhikata hai. isamean kuchh padyabaddh , mantr bhi haian jo adhvaryuvarg ke upayogi haian. isake kuchh mantr atharvaved mean bhi paye jate haian. yajurved ke do vibhag haian- (1) shuklayajurved aur (2) krishnayajurved.
3. samaved- isamean yajnanushthan ke udgatrivarg ke upayogi mantroan ka sankalan hai. isaka nam samaved isaliye p da hai ki isamean gayan-paddhati ke nishchit mantr hi haian. isake adhikaansh mantr rrigved mean upalabdh hote haian, kuchh mantr svatantr bhi haian.
4. atharvaved- isamean yajnanushthan ke brahmavarg ke upayogi mantroan ka sankalan hai. is brahmavarg ka kary hai yajn ki dekh-rekh karana, samay-samay par niyamanusar nirdesh dena, yajn mean rritvijoan evan yajaman ke dvara koee bhool ho jay ya kami rah jay to usaka sudhar ya prayashchitt karana. atharv ka arth hai kamiyoan ko hatakar thik karana ya kami-rahit banana. at: isamean yajn-sambandhi evan vyakti-sambandhi sudhar ya kami-poorti karane vale bhi mantr haian. isamean padyatmak mantroan ke sath kuchh gadyatmak mantr bhi upalabdh haian. is ved ka namakaran any vedoan ki bhaanti shabd-shaili ke adhar par nahian hai, apitu isake pratipady vishay ke anusar hai. is vaidik shabdarashi ka prachar evan prayog mukhyat: atharv nam ke maharshi dvara kiya gaya. isaliye bhi isaka nam atharvaved hai.

kuchh mantr sabhi vedoan mean ya ek-do vedoan mean saman-roop se milate haian, jisaka karan yah hai ki charoan vedoan ka vibhajan yajnanushthan ke rritvik janoan ke upayogi hone ke adhar par kiya gaya hai. at: vibhinn yajnavasaroan par vibhinn vargoan ke rritvijoan ke liye upayogi mantroan ka us ved mean a jana svabhavik hai, bhale hi vah mantr doosare rritvik ke liye bhi any avasar par upayogi hone ke karan anyatr bhi milata ho.

vedoan ka vibhajan aur shakha-vistar

adhunik vicharadhara ke anusar charoan vedoan ki shabd rashi ke vistar mean tin drishtiyaan payi jati haian-

1. yajnik drishti,
2. prayogik drishti aur
3. sahityik drishti.

yajnik drishti

isake anusar vedokt yajnoan ka anushthan hi ved ke shabdoan ka mukhy upayog mana gaya hai. srishti ke arambh se hi yajn karane mean sadharanataya mantrochcharan ki shaili, mantrakshar evan karm-vidhi mean vividhata rahi hai. is vividhata ke karan hi vedoan ki shakha ka vistar hua hai. pratyek ved ki anek shakhaean batayi gayi haian. yatha-rrigved ki 21 shakha, yajurved ki 101 shakha, samaved ki 1,000 shakha aur atharvaved ki 9 shakha- is prakar kul 1,131 shakhaean haian. is sankhya ka ullekh maharshi patanjali ne apane mahabhashy mean bhi kiya hai. any vedoan ki apeksha rrigved mean mantr-sankhya adhik hai, phir bhi isaka shakha-vistar yajurved aur samaved ki apeksha kam hai. isaka karan yah hai ki rrigved mean devataoan ke stuti roop mantroan ka bhandar hai. stuti-vakyoan ki apeksha karmaprayog ki shaili mean bhinnata honi svabhavik hai. at: rrigved ki apeksha yajurved ki shakhaean adhik haian. gayan-shaili ki shakhaoan ka sarvadhik hona ashcharyajanak nahian hai. at: samaved ki 1000 shakhaean batayi gayi haian. phalat: koee bhi ved shakha-vistar ke karan ek-doosare se upayogita, shraddha evan mahattv mean kam-zyada nahian hai. charoan ka mahattv saman hai. uparyukt 1,131 shakhaoan mean se vartaman mean keval 12 shakhaean hi mool granthoan mean upalabdh haian. ve haian—

• rrigved ki 21 shakhaoan mean se keval 2 shakhaoan ke hi granth prapt haian-

1. shakal-shakha aur
2. shaankhayan-shakha.

• yajurved mean krishnayajurved ki 86 shakhaoan mean se keval 4 shakhaoan ke granth hi prapt haian-

1. taittiriy shakha,
2. maitrayaniy shakha,
3. kath shakha aur
4. kapishthal shakha.

• • shuklayajurved ki 15 shakhaoan mean se keval 2 shakhaoan ke granth hi prapt haian-

1. madhyandiniy-shakha aur
2. kanv-shakha.

• samaved ki 1000 shakhaoan mean se keval 2 shakhaoan ke hi granth prapt haian-

1. kauthum-shakha aur
2. jaiminiy-shakha.

• atharvaved ki 9 shakhaoan mean se keval 2 shakhaoan ke hi granth prapt haian-

1. shaunak-shakha aur
2. paippalad-shakha.

adhyayan-shaili

uparyukt 12 shakhaoan mean se keval 6 shakhaoan ki adhyayan-shaili prapt hai, jo niche di ja rahi hai- rrigved mean keval shakal-shakha, krishnayajurved mean keval taittiriy shakha aur shuklayajurved mean keval madhyandiniy shakha tatha kanv-shakha, samaved mean keval kauthum-shakha, atharveved mean keval shaunak-shakha. yah kahana bhi anupayukt nahian hoga ki any shakhaoan ke kuchh aur bhi granth upalabdh haian, kiantu unase us shakha ka poora parichay nahian mil sakata evan bahut-si shakhaoan ke to nam bhi upalabdh nahian haian. krishnayajurved ki maitrayani shakha maharashtr mean tatha samaved ki jaiminiy shakha keral ke kuchh vyaktiyoan ke hi uchcharan mean simit haian.

prayogik drishti

isake anusar pratyek shakha ke do bhag bataye gaye haian. ek mantr-bhag aur doosara brahman-bhag.

mantr-bhag

mantr-bhag us shabdarashi ko kahate haian, jo yajn mean sakshath-roop se prayog mean ati hai.

brahman-bhag

brahman shabd se us shabdarashi ka sanket hai, jisamean vidhi (ajnabodhak shabd), katha, akhyayika evan stuti dvara yajn karane ki pravritti utpann karana, yajnanushthan karane ki paddhati batana, usaki upapatti aur vivechan ke sath usake rahasy ka niroopan karana hai. is prayogik drishti ke do vibhajanoan mean sahityik drishti ke char vibhajanoan ka samavesh ho jata hai.

sahityik drishti

isake anusar pratyek shakha ki vaidik shabd-rashi ka vargikaran-

sanhita

ved ka jo bhag pratidin visheshat: adhyayaniy hai, use 'sanhita' kahate haian. is shabd rashi ka upayog shraut evan smart donoan prakar ke yajnanushthanoan mean hota hai. pratyek ved ki alag-alag shakha ki ek-ek sanhita hai. vedoan ke anusar unako-

1. rrigved-sanhita,
2. yajurved- sanhita,
3. samaved-sanhita aur
4. atharvaved-sanhita kaha jata hai. in sanhitaoan ke path mean unake akshar, varn, svar adi ka kianchit matr bhi ulat-pulat n hone paye, isaliye prachin adhyayan-adhyapan ke sampraday mean

• sanhita-path,
• pad-path,
• kram-path-ye tin prakriti path aur
• jata,
• mala,
• shikha,
• rekha,
• dhvaj,
• dand,
• rath tatha
• ghan- ye ath vikriti path prachalit haian.

brahman

vah ved-bhag jisamean visheshataya yajnanushthan ki paddhati ke sath-hi-sath tadupayogi pravritti ka udbodhan karana, usako dridh karana tatha usake dvara phal-prapti adi ka niroopan vidhi evan arthavad ke dvara kiya gaya hai, 'brahman' kaha jata hai.

aranyak

vah ved-bhag jisamean yajnanushthan-paddhati, yajnik mantr, padarth evan phal adi mean adhyatmikata ka sanket diya gaya hai, 'aranyak' kahalata hai. yah bhag manushy ko adhyatmik bodh ki or jhukakar saansarik bandhanoan se oopar uthata hai. at: isaka vishesh adhyayan bhi sansar ke tyag ki bhavana ke karan vanaprasthashram ke liye arany (jangal)- mean kiya jata hai. isiliye isaka nam 'aranyak' prasiddh hua hai.

upanishad

vah ved-bhag jisamean vishuddh riti se adhyatmik chintan ko hi pradhanata di gayi hai aur phal sambandhi phalanubandhi karmoan ke dridhanurag ko shithil karana sujhaya gaya hai, 'upanishad' kahalata hai. ved ka yah bhag usaki sabhi shakhaoan mean hai, parantu yah bat spasht-roop se samajh leni chahiye ki vartaman mean upanishad sanjna ke nam se jitane granth upalabdh haian, unamean se kuchh upanishadoan (eeshavasy, brihadaranyak, taittiriy, chhandogy adi)- ko chho dakar baqi ke sabhi upanishad –bhag mean upalabdh hoan, aisi bat nahian hai. shakhagat upanishadoan mean se kuchh aansh ko samayik, samajik ya vaiyaktik avashyakata ke adhar par upanishad sanjna de di gayi hai. isilie inaki sankhya evan upalabdhiyoan mean vividhata milati hai. vedoan mean jo upanishad-bhag haian, ve apani shakhaoan mean sarvatha akshunn haian. unako tatha unhian shakhaoan ke nam se jo upanishad-sanjna ke granth upalabdh haian, donoan ko ek nahian samajhana chahiye. upalabdh upanishad-granthoan ki sankhya mean se eeshadi 10 upanishad to sarvamany haian. inake atirikt 5 aur upanishad (shvetashvataradi), jin par acharyo ki tikaean tatha praman-uddharan adi milate haian, sarvasammat kahe jate haian. in 15 ke atirikt jo upanishad upalabdh haian, unaki shabdagat ojasvita tatha pratipadanashaili adi ki vibhinnata hone par bhi yah avashy kaha ja sakata hai ki inaka pratipady brahm ya atmatattv nishchayapoorvak apaurushey, nity, svat:praman ved-shabd-rashi se sambaddh hai.

rrishi, chhand aur devata

ved ke pratyek mantr mean kisi-n-kisi rrishi, chhand evan devata ka ullekh hona avashyak hai. kahian-kahian ek hi mantr mean ek se adhik rrishi, chhand aur devata ke nam milate haian. isaliye yah avashyak hai ki ek hi mantr mean ek se adhik rrishi, chhand aur devata kyoan haian, yah spasht kar diya jay. isaka vivechan nimn panktiyoan mean kiya gaya hai-

rrishi

yah vah vyakti hai, jisane mantr ke svaroop ko yatharth roop mean samajha hai. 'yatharth'- jnan pray: char prakar- se hota hai

1. parampara ke mool purush hone se,
2. us tattv ke sakshat darshan se,
3. shraddhapoorvak prayog tatha sakshatkar se aur
4. ichchhit (abhilashit)-poorn saphalata ke sakshatkar se. atev in char karanoan se mantr-sambandhit rrishiyoan ka nirdesh granthoan mean milata hai. jaise—

• kalp ke adi mean sarvapratham is anadi vaidik shabd-rashi ka pratham upadesh brahmaji ke hriday mean hua aur brahmaji se paramparagat adhyayan-adhyapan hota raha, jisaka nirdesh 'vansh-brahman' adi granthoan mean upalabdh hota hai. at: samast ved ki parampara ke mool purush brahma (rrishi) haian. inaka smaran parameshthi prajapati rrishi ke roop mean kiya jata hai.
• isi parameshthi prajapati ki parampara ki vaidik shabdarashi ke kisi aansh ke shabd tattv ka jis rrishi ne apani tapashcharya ke dvara kisi vishesh avasar par pratyaksh darshan kiya, vah bhi us mantr ka rrishi kahalaya. us rrishi ka yah rrishitv shabdatattv ke sakshatkar ka karan mana gaya hai. is prakar ek hi mantr ka shabdatattv-sakshatkar anek rrishiyoan ko bhinn-bhinn roop se ya samoohik roop se hua tha. at: ve sabhi us mantr ke rrishi mane gaye haian.
• kalp granthoan ke nirdeshoan mean aise vyaktiyoan ko bhi rrishi kaha gaya hai, jinhoanne us mantr ya karm ka prayog tatha sakshatkar ati shraddhapoorvak kiya hai.
• vaidik granthoan visheshataya puran-granthoan ke manan se yah bhi pata lagata hai ki jin vyaktiyoan ne kisi mantr ka ek vishesh prakar ke prayog tatha sakshatkar se saphalata prapt ki hai, ve bhi us mantr ke rrishi mane gaye haian.

ukt nirdeshoan ko dhyan mean rakhane ke sath yah bhi samajh lena chahiye ki ek hi mantr ko ukt charoan prakar se ya ek hi prakar se dekhane vale bhinn-bhinn vyakti rrishi hue haian. phalat: ek mantr ke anek rrishi hone mean paraspar koee virodh nahian hai, kyoanki mantr rrishiyoan ki rachana ya anubhooti se sambandh nahian rakhata; apitu rrishi hi us mantr se bahirang roop se sambaddh vyakti hai.

chhand

mantr se sambandhit (mantr ke svaroop mean anusyoot) akshar, pad, viram ki visheshata ke adhar par di gayi jo sanjna hai, vahi chhand hai. ek hi padarth ki sanjna vibhinn siddhant ya vyakti ke vishleshan ke bhav se nana prakar ki ho sakati hai. at: ek hi mantr ke bhinn nam ke chhand shastroan mean paye jate haian. kisi bhi sanjna ka niyaman usake tattvajn apt vyakti ke dvara hi hota hai. at: katyayan, shaunak, piangal adi 'chhand:shastr' ke acharyoan ki evan sarvanukramanikaroan ki uktiyaan hi is sambandh mean many hoti haian. isaliye ek mantr mean bhinn namoan ke chhandoan ke milane se bhram nahian hona chahiye.

devata

mantroan ke akshar kisi padarth ya vyakti ke sambandh mean kuchh kahate haian. yah kathan jis vyakti ya padarth ke nimitt hota hai, vahi us mantr ka devata hota hai, parantu yah smaran rakhana chahiye ki kaun mantr, kis vyakti ya padarth ke liye kab aur kaise prayog kiya jay, isaka nirnay ved ka brahman-bhag ya tattvajn rrishiyoan ke shastr-vachan hi karate haian. ek hi mantr ka prayog kee yajniy avasaroan tatha kee kamanaoan ke liye milata hai. aisi sthiti mean us ek hi mantr ke anek devata bataye jate haian. at: un nirdeshoan ke adhar par hi koee padarth ya vyakti 'devata' kaha jata hai. mantr ke dvara jo prarthana ki gayi hai, usaki poorti karane ki kshamata us devata mean rahati hai. laukik vyakti ya padarth hi jahaan devata haian, vahaan vastut: vah drishy jad padarth hi jahaan devata haian, vahaan vastut: vah drishy jad padarth ya aksham vyakti devata nahian hai, apitu usamean antarhit ek prabhu-shaktisampann devata-tattv hai, jisase ham prarthana karate haian. yahi bat 'abhimanivyapadesh' shabd se shastroan mean spasht ki gayi hai. laukik padarth ya vyakti ka adhishthata devata-tattv mantratmak shabd-tattv se abhinn hai, yah mimaansa-darshan ka vichar hai. vedantashastr mean mantr se pratipadit devata-tattv ko shariradhari chetan aur atindriy kaha gaya hai. puranoan mean kuchh devataoan ke sthan, charitr, itihas adi ka varnan karake bharatiy sanskriti ke is devata-tattv ke prabhutv ko hridayangam karaya gaya hai. nishkarsh yahi hai ki ichchha ki poorti kar sakane vale atindriy mantr se pratipadit tattv ko devata kahate haian aur us devata ka sanket shastr-vachanoan se hi milata hai. at: vachanoan ke anusar avasar-bhed se ek mantr ke vibhinn devata ho sakate haian.

ved ke aang, upaang evan upaved

vedoan ke sarvagiann anushilan ke liye shiksha, kalp, vyakaran, nirookt chhand aur jyotish-in 6 aangoan ke granth haian. pratipadasootr, anupad, chhandobhasha (pratishakhy), dharmashastr, nyay tatha vaisheshik- ye 6 upaang granth bhi upalabdh haian. ayurved, dhanurved, gandharvaved tatha sthapatyaved-ye kramash: charoan vedoan ke upaved katyayan ne batalaye haian.

vishesh upayogi granth

vaidik shabdoan ke arth evan unake prayog ki poori janakari ke liye vedaang adi shastroan ki vyavastha mani gayi hai. usamean vaidik svar aur shabdoan ki vyavastha ke liye shiksha tatha vyakaran donoan aangoan ke granth ved ke vishisht shabdarth ke upayog ke liye alag-alag upaang granth 'pratishakhy' haian, jinhean vaidik vyakaran bhi kahate haian. prayog-paddhati ki suvyavastha ke liye kalpashastr mana jata hai. isake char bhed haian- (1) shrautasootr, (2) grihyasootr, (3) dharmasootr aur (4) shulbasootr. inaka spashtikaran nimn prakar haian-

shrautasootr

isamean shraut-agni (avahaniy-garhapaty evan dakshinagni)- mean hone vale yajn-sambandhi vishayoan ka spasht niroopan kiya gaya hai.

grihyasootr

isamean grihy (aupasan)-agni mean hone vale karmoan evan upanayan, vivah adi sanskaroan ka niroopan kiya gaya hai.

dharmasootr

isamean varn tatha ashram-sambandhi dharm, achar, vyavahar adi ka niroopan hai.

shulbasootr

isamean yajn-vedi adi ke nirman ki jyamitiy prakriya tatha any tatsambaddh niroopan hai. is prakar se pratyek shakha ke liye alag-alag vyakaran aur kalpasootr haian, jisase us shakha ka poora jnan ho jata hai aur karmanushthan mean suvidha hoti hai. is bat ko bhi dhyan mean rakhana chahiye ki yatharth mean jnanasvaroop hote hue bhi ved; koee vedant-sootr ki tarah keval darshanik granth nahian haian, jahaan keval adhyatmik chintan ka hi samavesh ho. jnan-bhandar mean laukik aur alaukik sabhi vishayoan ka samavesh rahata hai aur sakshat ya parampara se ye sabhi vishay param tattv ki prapti mean sahayak hote haian. yadyapi kisi darshanik vishay ka saangopaang vichar ved mean kisi ek sthan par nahian milata, kiantu chhote-se-chhote tatha b de-se-b de tattvoan ke svaroop ka sakshat darshan to rrishiyoan ko hua tha aur ve sab anubhav ved mean vyakt roop se kisi n kisi sthan par varnit haian. unamean laukik aur alaukik sabhi batean haian. sthoolatam tatha sookshmatam roop se bhinn-bhinn tattvoan ka parichay ved ke adhyayan se prapt hota hai. at: ved ke sambandh mean yah nahian kaha ja sakata ki ved ka ek hi pratipady vishay hai ya ek hi darshan hai ya ek hi mantavy hai. yah to sakshat –prapt jnan ke svaroopoan ka shabd-bhandar hai. isi shabdarashi ke tattvoan ko nikal kar acharyoan ne apani-apani anubhooti, drishti evan guru-parampara ke adhar par vibhinn darshanoan tatha darshanik prasthanoan (maulik drishti se suvicharit matoan)- ka sanchayan kiya hai. is karan bharatiy drishti se ved vishv ka sanvidhan hai. anuvrat: pitu: putro matra bhavatu sanmana:.
jaya patye madhumatian vachan vadatu shantivamh॥

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sabhar:d aau. shrishrikishoraji mishr

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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