आलमशाह द्वितीय
alamashah dvitiy
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| poora nam | abdullah jalal ud-din abdul muzaffar ham ud-din muhammad ali gauhar shah-e-alam dvitiy |
| janm | 25 joon, 1728 |
| janm bhoomi | shahajahaannabad, mugal samrajy |
| mrityu tithi | 19 navambar, 1806 |
| pita/mata | pita- alamagir dvitiy, mata- jinat mahal |
| dharmik manyata | islam |
| vansh | mugal vansh |
| shasan kal | 1759-1806 |
| any janakari | shahalam dvitiy ne apane takht ke lie abdali ko sabase zyada khataranak samajha. isalie usane abdali se bachane ke lie marathoan ko apana sanrakshak bana liya. lekin 1761 ee. mean panipat ki tisari l daee mean abdali ne marathoan ko hara diya. |
alamashah dvitiy ya shahalam dvitiy (shasan kal 1759-1806 ee., janm- 25 joon, 1728, shahajahaannabad; mrityu- 19 navambar, 1806) 17vaan mugal badashah tha. isaka asali nam shahazada ali gauhar tha. yah alamagir dvitiy ke uttaradhikari ke roop mean 1759 ee. mean gaddi par baitha. badashah shahalam dvitiy ne eest iandiya kampani se ilahabad ki sandhi kar li thi aur vah eest iandiya kampani ki peanshan par jivan-yapan kar raha tha.
khitab tatha sankatagrast samay
1759 ee. mean rajagaddi par baithane ke sath hi ali gauhar ne badashah hone par 'alamashah dvitiy' ka khitab dharan kiya. itihas mean vah 'shahalam dvitiy ke nam se prasiddh hai.' usaka rajyakal bharatiy itihas ka ek sankatagrast kal kaha ja sakata hai. usake pita alamagir dvitiy ko usake sattalolup aur kuchakri vazir gaziuddin ne takht se utar diya tha. vah naye badashah ko bhi apani mutthi mean rakhana chahata tha. alamashah dvitiy ke gaddi par baithane ke do sal pahale plasi ki l daee mean eest iandiya kampani ki vijay ho chuki thi, jisake phalasvaroop bangal, bihar aur u disa par usaka shasan ho gaya tha. uttar-pashchim mean ahamadashah abdali ne apane hamale shuroo kar diye the. 1756 ee. mean usane dilli ko loota aur 1759 ee. mean marathoan ko, jinhoanne 1758 ee. mean panjab par adhikar kar liya tha, vahaan se nikal bahar kiya. dakshin mean peshava balaji bajirav ke netritv mean marathe mugaloan ke sthan par apana samrajy sthapit karane ka prayas kar rahe the. is prakar se jis samay shahalam dvitiy gaddi par baitha, us samay usaka apana vazir usake khilaf gaddari kar raha tha. poorv mean eest iandiya kampani ki taqat badh rahi thi tatha panjab mean ahamadashah abdali tak lagaye baitha tha.
eest iandiya kampani se sandhi
shahalam dvitiy ne apane takht ke lie abdali ko sabase zyada khataranak samajha. isalie usane abdali ke panje se bachane ke lie marathoan ko apana sanrakshak bana liya. lekin 1761 ee. mean panipat ki tisari l daee mean abdali ne marathoan ko hara diya. usane shahalam dvitiy ko dilli ke takht par bane rahane diya. yadyapi bad mean usaki ichchha huee ki vah use hatakar svayan dilli ka takht hastagat kar le, tathapi usaki yah yojana poori nahian huee. kintu, abdali ki is viphalata se badashah shahalam dvitiy ko koee labh prapt nahian hua. 1764 ee. mean usane apani shakti badhane ka doosara prayas kiya aur bangal se aangrezoan ko nikal bahar karane ke lie avadh ke navab shujauddaula aur bangal ke bhago de navab mir qasim se sandhi kar li, parantu aangrezoan ne baksar ki l daee (1764 ee.) mean shahi sena ko hara diya aur badashah shahalam dvitiy ne eest iandiya kampani se ilahabad ki sandhi kar li. is sandhi ke dvara badashah ko ko da aur ilahabad ke zile avadh se mil gaye aur badashah ne bangal, bihar aur u disa ki divani (rajasv vasoolane ka adhikar) kampani ko is shart par sauanp di, vah use 26 lakh rupaye salana khiraj degi. lekin shahalam ko yah labh tho de samay tak hi mila.
kampani ki peanshan par jivan-yapan
panipat ki tisari l daee mean marathoan ki shakti ko kshati avashy pahuanchi thi, kintu shighr hi unhoanne phir se apani shakti arjit kar li. badashah shahalam dvitiy apane vazir najibuddaula (gaziuddin) ki sazishoan se dilli nahian laut pa raha tha. usane marathoan ki madad lene ke lie ko da aur ilahabad ke zile maratha saradar mahadaji shinde ko sauanp diye. is prakar marathoan ki sahayata se 1771 ee. mean shahalam dvitiy pun: dilli lauta, lekin ab usaki haisiyat marathoan ke hath ki kathaputali ke saman thi. atev eest iandiya kampani ne ilahabad ki sandhi to d di aur shahalam dvitiy se ko da aur ilahabad ke zile vapas le liye aur use salana 26 lakh rupaye ki khiraj dena bhi band kar diya, jise aangrezoan ne 1764 ee. mean bangal ki divani ke badale mean dene ka vayada kiya tha. isase badashah shahalam dvitiy ki halat aur bhi patali ho gee aur vah doosare aangl-maratha yuddh (1803-1805 ee.) tak marathoan ki sharan mean raha.
mrityu
doosare maratha yuddh mean eest iandiya kampani ki faujoan ne janaral sek ke netritv mean mahadaji shinde ki sena ko dilli ke nikat parajit kiya. isake bad shahalam dvitiy aur usaki rajadhani dilli donoan par eest iandiya kampani ka niyantran sthapit ho gaya. badashah ab boodha ho chala tha aur andha bhi ho gaya tha. vah poornataya ni:sahay tha. vah eest iandiya kampani ki peanshan par jivan-yapan kar raha tha. ant mean 1806 ee. mean usaki mrityu ho gee.
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