ब्राह्मण ग्रन्थों का साहित्यिक वैशिष्टय

sahityik vaishishtay

any sambandhit lekh brahman sahity brahmanoan ki bhasha, rachana-shaili brahman granthoan ka sahityik vaishishtay brahman granthoan ka saanskritik vaishishty brahman granthoan ke bhashyakar

samprati, maiksamoolar aur unake anuyayiyoan ki vah dharana nirmool siddh ho chuki hai ki brahman granthoan mean kalatmak chetana ke avashesh nahian haian. brahmanagranthoan ke gambhir anushilan se ab yah prodbhasit ho chuka hai ki anubhooti aur abhivyakti donoan hi drishtiyoan se brahman granthoan mean utkrisht sahityik saushthav sannihit hai. inaki abhivyakti-bhangimaoan ki ramaniyata pathak-hriday ko pulak-pallvit kar deti hai. brahman granthoan ka pranayan yadyapi kavyatmak saundary ke unmilan hetu nahian hua hai aur unaka pramukh pratipady bhi kavy nahian yag hi hai, tathapi inake rachayitaoan ka ant:karan ni:sandeh kalatmak chetana se anupranit raha hai. yag ke sunishchit vyaparoan ki prastuti karate samay bhi unhoanne kalpana-pravanata ka parichay diya hai. samavediy brahmanagranthoan ko is sandarbh mean nidarshanaroop mean rakha ja sakata hai, jinamean stomoan aur vishtutiyoan ki yojana karate hue keval drisht aur adrisht puny-labh ki hi drishti nahian rahi hai. unake sammukh-stotr-klripti ke sandarbh mean yah drishti bhi spashtaroop se ho rahi hai ki ganoan ki prastuti mean kalatmakata rahe, pativesh shruti-madhur ho uthe, punarukti n ho aur kriyaman sam-gan sampoorn vatavaran ko saras bana de.

is sandarbh mean 'jami' aur 'yatayamata' sadrish shabdoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai. inaka abhipray hai ki ek hi gan ki paun:punyen usi taratamy mean, usi svar-mandal mean avriti se apriy aur aruchikar vatavaran ho jata hai. isake parihar ke lie brahmanagranthakaroan ne nirantar sajagata rakhi hai. brahman-granthoan mean ras-nishpatti aur bhav-vyanjan ke sthal bhale hi pushkal n hoan, kintu manaviy manobhavoan ki brahmanagnanthakaroan ko gahari pahachan hai. arthavadoan ka sevaividhyapoorn vitan vastut: manaviy manovijnan ki adhar-shila par hi pratishthit hai. manushy ke antartam mean nihit vasanaoan, kamanaoan aur akaankshaoan ko samajhe bina prashasti ya ninda ke madhyam se yag ki prerana hi nahian utpann ki ja sakati. atev chetana ke nigoodh staroan mean supt athava ardhasakriy sanskaroan se anusyoot vibhinn kamanaoan-priyapatni, vanshavadaputr, samajik pratishtha aur aishvary, apriy vyaktiyoan aur shatruoan ke vinash, maranottar sukhad jivan aur ant mean vasanoan ke upasham ko dhyan mean rakhakar hi arthavad ka samanantar sansar brahmanagranthakaroan ne racha hai. sahity mean sthayibhavoan ki yojana jin mool manovaijnanik pravrittiyoan-rag, krodh, bhay, vismay, ghrina aur virag ke adhar par ki gee hai, unaki brahmanagranthoan ko gahari pratiti hai. kavyatmak ramaniyata ka doosara paksh abhivyaktimoolak hai, jisake sandarbh mean brahmanagranthoan mean lakshanikata, upama aur roopak-vidhan, padavritti tatha aksharavrittirajy lality evan sanshlisht prastuti mukhyat: dikhalaee deti hai. inake alok mean brahmanoan ke pratipady ko prabhavotpadak sampreshaniyata prapt huee hai.

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brahmanagranthoan mean vidyaman lakshanik pravritti ki or sarvapratham hamara dhyanakarshan niruktakar yask ne kiya. unaka kathan hai- bahubhaktivadini hi brahmanani. abhipray yah hai ki brahmanagranthoan mean, devataoan ke vishay mean, bhakti athava gun-kalpana ke madhyam se bahuvidh tattvik anveshan hua hai. arthavadoan ke tin bhed haian-

• gunavad,
• anuvad aur
• bhootarthavad.

inamean se gunavad lakshana ke atyant nikat hai. paravarti mimaansakoan aur kavyashastr ke acharyoan ne donoan ko ek hi manakar vivechan kiya hai. gunavad ke sandarbh mean brahmanagranthoan mean prapt udaharan is prakar haian- 'stenan man:', 'adityo yoop:', 'shrrinot gravan:' ityadi. inaki sidhe-sidhe abhidhashakti se vyakhya nahian ki ja sakati. 'patthar sunean!' yah kathan apatat: unmatt pralap ke sadrish pratit hota hai. isi karan is prakar ke vakyoan mean mimaansakoan ne lakshana ka ashray liya hai, jisaka abhipray prataranuvak ki marmikata ka dyotan hai jise prastar bhi tanmayata se sunate haian, phir vidvanoan aur sahridayoan ki bat hi kya. nadi ki stuti ke sandarbh mean prapt visheshanoan 'chakravakastani', 'hans-dantavali', 'kashavastra', aur 'shevalakeshini' ki vyakhya shabarabhashy mean bhi lakshanik drishti se ki gee hai. unaka kathan hai-
asatoarthasy abhidhayake vakye gaunasy arthasy uktirdrashtavya.
sahityashastr ke granthoan mean, lakshana-niroopan ke prasang mean, acharyoan ne isalie 'sianho manavak:', 'garvahik:' prabhriti laukik udaharanoan ke sath hi 'yajaman: prastar:', 'adityo yoop:' prabhriti brahmanagranthokt udaharan unmooktata se diye haian. upama aur roopakoan ke vidhan se bhi brahmanagranthoan ki sampreshaniyata atyant pranamayi ho uthi hai. shadaviansh brahman se upama ke kuchh udaharan yahaan prastut haian-

• vidhi-vidhan se parichay prapt kiye bina hom karana vaise hi hai jaise aangaroan ko hatakar rakh mean ahuti dalana-
  

s y idamavidvanh agnihotran juhoti yathangaranapohy bhasmani juhuyath tadrikh tath syath.

• jaise kshudhit balak mata ke pas jate haian, vaise hi kasht mean p de prani bhi agnihotr karate haian.

tandy brahman ke anusar yajn mean adhvaryu-pramukh rritvikh vaise hi vahishpavaman mean prasarpan karate haian, jaise aheri mrig ko pak dane ke lie age badhata hai-mand-mand git se bina ahat kiye. brahmanagranthoan mean roopak-vidhan ki upadeyata par prakash dala hai mimaansakoan ne. 'abhidhanearthavad:' ki vyakhya ke prasang mean kumaril bhatt ka kathan hai ki roopak ke dvara yajn ki stuti anushthan-kal mean rritvijoan aur yajamanoan tatha any samavet vyaktiyoan mean bhi utsahabhav ka sanchar karati hai-
roopakadvaren yag-stuti: karmakale utsahan karoti.
brahman granthoan mean roopakoan ki vishal rashi vidyaman hai. sarvadhik roopak nar-nari-sambandh par adhrit haian. laukik jivan mean mithunabhav ke prati manav-man mean sahaj aur svabhavik akarshan dekha jata hai. adrisht aur apoorv ki avadharanaoan ko kuchh kshanoan ke lie pare rakhakar yadi vichar kiya jay, to kaha j sakata hai ki manaviy abhiruchi ko dhyan mean rakhakar hi brahmanagranthakaroan ne yugmajivan ke roopakoan ko yag-kriya ke sandarbh mean prastut kiya hai. tandy brahman mean bahut hi lamba roopak milata hai. tapasya, saty, oj, yash, pranashakti, asha, bal, vakh adi ki is vishv-srishti mean kya bhoomika hai, ise vishvastrashta devoan ke dvara anushthiyaman yagatmak roopak ke madhyam se yoan vyakt kiya gaya hai. tadanusar vishvasrishti ek mahayajn hai, jisamean tapasya grihapati, brahm (vaidik jnanarashi) brahma, hara grihapatni, amrit udgata, bhootakal prastota, bhavishyatkal pratiharta, rrituean upagata, arttav vastuean sadasy, saty hota, rrit maitravarun, oj brahmanachchhansi, tvishi aur apachiti kramash: neshta aur pota, yash achchhavak, agni agnith, bhag gravastut, akr unneta, vakh subrahyany, pran adhvaryu, apan pratiprasthata, dishti vishasta, bal dhruvagop, asha havishy, ahoratr idhmavah aur mrityu shamitasvaroop haian. asharoop havishy par chalane vale jivan-yajn ki kitani prabhavapoorn abhivyakti hai. is prakar ke roopakoan ki ramaniy srishti brahmanagranthakaroan ki sahityik pratibha ke prati hamean ashvast karane ke lie paryapt hai. brahman-sahity ka gambhir anushilan isalie bhi avashyak pratit hota hai, kyoanki vah vaidik aur laukik sahity ke madhy setu-svaroop hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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poornata

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shrutiyaan

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