ब्राह्मणों की भाषा, रचना-शैली

bhasha, rachana-shaili tatha sahityik pravrittiyaan

any sambandhit lekh

brahman granthoan ki bhasha samanyat: vaidiki aur laukik sanskrit ki madhyavartini hai. mantr-sanhitaoan ki apeksha is bhasha mean adhik niyamabaddhata, susanhati, saralata aur pravahamayata hai. isamean kathin sandhiyaan aur durooh samas pray: nahian haian. rooparachana mean yatr-tatr apaniniyata ka anubhav svabhavik hai. upasargoan ka unmukt prayog poorvavath hai. nipatoan ka bhi bahuly hai. vaky avashyakata ke anuroop chhote aur lambe donoan prakar ke haian, lekin sanskrit gady-kavyoan ki gaudi aur paanchali shaili ki sudirgh vaky-rachana pray: kahian bhi nahian hai. sanvadamayata se yukt hone ke karan is bhasha mean vishesh jivantata hai. aspashtata se bachane ka prayas sarvatr parilakshit hota hai.

brahman-granthoan ki rachana poornaroop se gady mean huee haian. kintu bich-bich mean us yug mean bahu-prachalit padyabaddh gathaean bhi samavisht ho gee haian, jaise harishchandropakhyan^[1] mean abhivyakti ki sabalata ke lie upamaoan aur roopakoan ka prachur prayog hai. kahian-kahian lakshanikata ke bhi darshan hote haian. shatapath brahman aur taittiriy brahmanoan ki bhasha svarankit hai, lekin tanday, shaankhayan brahman aur aitarey brahmanoan ki bhasha ke mudritapath mean svarankan ka abhav hone par bhi, paramparik vaidik inaka uchcharan sasvar roop mean karate haian. isase pratit hota hai ki kadachith inaki bhasha bhi sasvar hi rahi hogi. subant aur tidant roopoan ke prayog ke drishti se jaiminiy brahman ki bhasha apekshakrit adhik prachin mani jati hai. isake viparit aitarey aur tandy brahmanoan ki bhasha adhik vyavasthit, niyamanishth aur pravahapoorn hai.

desh-kal

brahmanagranthoan mean madhyadesh ka ullekh vishesh adar se hai- 'dhruvayaan madhyamayaan pratishthayaan dishi'.^[2] desh ke is madhyabhag mean kuru-panchal, shivi, sauvir prabhriti janapad sammilit thean us samay bharat ke poorv mean videh ityadi jatiyoan ka rajy tha. dakshin mean bhojarajy tatha pashchim mean nichy aur avachy rajy the. kashi, matsy, kurukshetr ka ullekh bhi brahmanoan mean hai. shatapath mean gandhar, kekay, shaly, kosal, srianjay adi janapadoan ka vishesh ullekh hai. tandy-brahm mean kuru-paanchal janapadoan se naimisharany aur khandav vanoan ke madhyavarti bhoobhag ki vishesh charcha hai. isi brahman mean sarasvati aur usaki sahayak nadiyoan ke udgam aur lop ka vivaran hai. kaha gaya hai ki 'vinashan' namak sthan par sarasvati lupt ho gee thi aur 'plakshaprasavan' mean pun: usaka udgam hua tha. ganga aur yamuna nadiyoan ka bhi ullekh hai. yamuna 'karapachav' pradesh mean pravahit hoti thi. brahman-granthoan ke kriya-kalap ka pramukh kshetr yahi sarasvat-mandal aur ganga-yamuna ki antarvedi rahi hai. jaiminiyopanishad-brahman mean kuru-paanchal janapadoan mean rahane vale vidvanoan ke vishesh gaurav ki charcha hai. gopath brahman mean vasishth, vishvamitr jamadagni, gautam prabhriti rrishiyoan ke ashramoan ki sthiti, vipasha nadi ke tat tatha vasishth shila prabhriti sthanoan par batalaee gee hai. vaidik-sahity ke pranayan ka kal-nirnay adyavadhi vivadaspad hai, kintu vibhinn matoan mean nihit tathyoan ki tulanatmak samiksha karate hue brahmanagranthoan ka rachanakal samanyat: tin sahasr ee. poorv se lekar do sahastr ee. poorv ke madhy mana ja sakata hai.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ aitarey brahman
↑ aitarey brahman 8.4

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] tarey brahman

[2] tarey brahman 8.4

[1]

[2]

ब्राह्मणों की भाषा, रचना-शैली

desh-kal

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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