ऋग्वेद
thumb|250px|rrigved ka avaran prishth rrigved sanatan dharm athava hindoo dharm ka srot hai . isamean 1028 sookt haian, jinamean devataoan ki stuti ki gayi hai. is granth mean devataoan ka yajn mean ahvan karane ke liye mantr haian. yahi sarvapratham ved hai. rrigved ko duniya ke sabhi itihasakar hind-yooropiy bhasha-parivar ki sabase pahali rachana manate haian. ye duniya ke sarvapratham granthoan mean se ek hai. rrikh sanhita mean 10 mandal, balakhily sahit 1028 sookt haian. ved mantroan ke samooh ko 'sookt' kaha jata hai, jisamean ekadaivatv tatha ekarth ka hi pratipadan rahata hai. rrigved ke sookt vividh devataoan ki stuti karane vale bhav bhare git haian. inamean bhaktibhav ki pradhanata hai. yadyapi rrigved mean any prakar ke sookt bhi haian, parantu devataoan ki stuti karane vale srotoan ki pradhanata hai.
pramukh tathy
rrigved ke vishay mean kuchh pramukh batean nimnalikhit hai-
- yah sabase prachinatam ved mana jata hai.
- rrigved ke kee sooktoan mean vibhinn vaidik devataoan ki stuti karane vale mantr haian, yadyapi rrigved mean any prakar ke sookt bhi haian, parantu devataoan ki stuti karane vale strotoan ki pradhanata hai.
- rrigved mean kul das mandal haian aur unamean 1028 sookt haian aur kul 10,580 rrichaean haian.
- isake das mandaloan mean kuchh mandal chhote haian aur kuchh mandal b de haian.
- pratham aur antim mandal, donoan hi saman roop se b de haian. unamean sooktoan ki sankhya bhi 191 hai.
- doosare mandal se satavean mandal tak ka aansh rrigved ka shreshth bhag hai, usaka hriday hai.
- athavean mandal aur pratham mandal ke prarambhik pachas sooktoan mean samanata hai.
rriksh shabd rrigved mean ek bar tatha paravarti vaidik sahity mean kadachit hi prayukt hua hai. rrigved mean yatudhanoan ko yajnoan mean badha dalane vala tatha pavitratmaoan ko kasht pahuanchane vala kaha gaya hai. navaan mandal som se sambandhit hone se poorn roop se svatantr hai. yah navaan mandal ath mandaloan mean sammilit som sambandhi sooktoan ka sangrah hai, isamean navin sooktoan ki rachana nahian hai. dasavean mandal mean pratham mandal ki sookt sankhyaoan ko hi banaye rakha gaya hai. par is mandal ka vishay, katha, bhasha adi sabhi parivartikaran ki rachanaean haian. rrigved ke mantroan ya rrichaoan ki rachana kisi ek rrishi ne ek nishchit avadhi mean nahian ki, apitu vibhinn kal mean vibhinn rrishiyoan dvara ye rachi aur sankalit ki gayian. rrigved ke mantr stuti mantr hone se rrigved ka dharmik aur adhyatmik mahattv adhik hai. charoan vedoan mean sarvadhik prachin ved rrigved se aryoan ki rajanitik pranali evan itihas ke vishay mean janakari prapt hoti hai. rrigved arthath aisa jnan, jo rrichaoan mean baddh ho.
vibhag
rrigved mean do prakar ke vibhag milate haian-
- ashtak kram - isamean samast granth ath ashtakoan tatha pratyek ashtak ath adhyayoan mean vibhajit hai. pratyek adhyay vargo mean vibhakt hai. samast vargo ki sankhya 2006 hai.
- mandalakram - is kram mean samast granth 10 mandaloan mean vibhajit hai. mandal anuvak, anuvak sookt tatha sookt mantr ya rrichaoan mean vibhajit hai. dashoan mandaloan mean 85 anuvak, 1028 sookt haian. inake atirikt 11 balakhily sookt haian. rrigved ke samasy sooktoan ke rrichaoan (mantroan) ki sankhya 10600 hai.
sooktoan ke purush rachayitaoan mean gritsamad, vishvamitr, vamadev, atri, bharadvaj aur vasishth tatha stri rachayitaoan mean lopamudra, ghosha, apala, vishvara, sikata, shachipaulomi aur kakshavritti pramukh hai. inamean lopamudra pramukh thi. vah kshatriy varn ki thi kintu unaki shadi agasty rrishi se huee thi. rrigved ke doosare evan satavean mandal ki rrichayean sarvadhik prachin haian, jabaki pahala evan dasavaan mandal ant mean jo da gaya hai. rrigved ke athavean mandal mean mili hastalikhit pratiyoan ke parishisht ko ‘khil‘ kaha gaya hai.
| rrigved ke mandal | rachayita |
|---|---|
|
1- pratham mandal |
anek rrishi |
| 2- dvitiy mandal |
gritsamay |
| 3- tritiy mandal |
vishvasamitr |
| 4- chaturth mandal |
vamadev |
| 5- pancham mandal |
atri |
| 6- shashthamh mandal |
bharadvaj |
| 7- saptam mandal |
vasishth |
| 8- ashtham mandal |
kanv v aangira |
| 9- navamh mandal (pavaman mandal) |
anek rrishi |
| 10- dasham mandal |
anek rrishi |
prachin rachana
rrigved bharat ki hi nahian sampoorn vishv ki prachinatam rachana hai. isaki tithi 1500 se 1000 ee.poo. mani jati hai. sambhavatah isaki rachana sapt-saiandhav pradesh mean huee thi. rrigved aur eerani granth 'jeand avesta' mean samanata paee jati hai. rrigved ke adhikaansh bhag mean devataoan ki stutiparak rrichaean haian, yadyapi unamean thos aitihasik samagri bahut kam milati hai, phir bhi isake kuchh mantr thos aitihasik samagri upalabdh karate haian. jaise ek sthan ‘dasharajn yuddh‘ jo bharat kabile ke raja sudas evan puroo kabile ke madhy hua tha, ka varnan kiya gaya hai. bharat jan ke neta sudas ke mukhy purohit vasishth the, jab ki inake virodhi das janoan (ary aur anary) ke sangh ke purohit vishvamitr the. das janoan ke sangh mean- paanch jano ke atirikt- alin, pakth, bhalanasu, shiv tath vijnashin ke raja sammilit the. bharat jan ka rajavansh tritsujan maloom p data hai, jisake pratinidhi devadas evan sudas the. bharat jan ke neta sudas ne ravi (parushni) nadi ke tat par us rajaoan ke sangh ko parajit kar rrigvaidik bharat ke chakravarti shasak ke pad par adhishthit hue. rrigved mean, yadu, druhyu, turvash, puroo aur anu paanch janoan ka varnan milata hai.
shakhaean
rrigved ke mantroan ka uchcharan yajnoan ke avasar par 'hotri rrishiyoan' dvara kiya jata tha. rrigved ki anek sanhitaoan mean 'sanprati sanhita' hi upalabdh hai. sanhita ka arth sankalan hota hai. rrigved ki paanch shakhayean haian-
- shakal,
- vashkal,
- ashvalayan,
- shaankhayan
- maandookayan
rrigved ke kul mantroan ki sankhya lagabhag 10600 hai. bad mean jo d gaye dasham mandal, jise ‘purushasookt‘ ke nam se jana jata hai, mean sarvapratham shoodroan ka ullekh milata hai. isake atirikt nasadiy sookt (srishti vishayak janakari, nirgun brahm ki janakari), vivah sookt (rrishi dirghamah dvara rachit), nadi sookt (varnit sabase antim nadi gomal), devi sookt adi ka varnan isi mandal mean hai. isi sookt mean darshan ki advait dhara ke prasphutan ka bhi abhas hota hai. som ka ullekh navean mandal mean hai. 'maian kavi hooan, mere pita vaidy haian, mata anni pisanean vali hai. yah kathan isi mandal mean hai. lokapriy 'gayatri mantr' (savitri) ka ullekh bhi rrigved ke 7vean mandal mean kiya gaya hai. is mandal ke rachayita vasishth the. yah mandal varun devata ko samarpit hai.
trit devata ki katha
- trit prachin devataoan mean se the.
- trit som banaya tha tatha iandradi anek devataoan ki stutiyaan samay-samay par ki thian.
- trit ne bal ke durg ko nasht kiya tha. yuddh ke samay marutoan ne trit ki shakti ki raksha ki thi.
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sanbandhit lekh
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