मानव श्रौतसूत्र

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krishnayajurvediy ki maitrayani shakha ke do shrautasootr upalabdh hote haian-

1. manav shrautasootr
2. varah shrautasootr

manav shrautasootr ka prasar–pradesh dakshin ka goda namak bhoo–bhag hai. maitrayani shakha ke brahman aur aranyak prithakh roop se upalabdh nahian haian. maitrayani shakha se sambaddh manav shrautasootr akar, shaili evan shraut yagoan ke vishad niroopan ke karan shraut sahity mean apana vishisht sthan rakhata hai.

kal

vidvanoan ke anusar samagr shraut sahity uttar vaidik kal mean racha gaya hai. braidale ne anek uddharanoan se yahi siddh kiya hai ki manav shrautasootr athava manav grihyasootr ek hi sootrakar ki rachanaean haian. manav shrautasootr apastamb shrautasootr se pahale ki rachana hai, kyoanki apastamb shrautasootr ne yajnoan ke varnan mean manav shrautasootr ka anukaran kiya hai. d aau. ramagopal ne kalap–sahity ki tithi par vichar karate hue manav shrautasootr ko sootrakal ke pratham charan ki kriti mana hai. yah tathy usaki shaili se bhi pramanit hai. isaki shaili brahman granthoan ki shaili ke sadrish hai. isalie bahut sambhav hai ki yah shrautasootr panini se poorvavarti rachana ho. sootr–sahity ke pratham charan mean likhe ge sabhi sootr–granth panini se poorv sanbhavit haian. panini ka samay d aau. vasudev sharan agraval ne paanchavian shati eesvi poorv ka mana hai. at: manav shrautasootr usase pahale ki rachana hai.

svaroop aur pratipady

maitrayani shakha ke kalp–sahity mean yah shrautasootr atyant mahattvapoorn hai. yah shrautasootr das bhagoan mean vibhakt hai. pratyek bhag adhyayoan, khandoan evan sootroan ke upavibhajan mean vibhajit hai.

pratham bhag

• pratham bhag ki sanjna praksom hai. praksom bhag ke pratham char adhyayoan mean darshapaunamas yajn ka varnan hai. yah sabhi haviryajnoan ki prakriti hai. is yag mean do ishtioan ka mishran hai– in chh: haviyoan ki samashti ko darshapaunamas kahate haian. darsheshti ka sampadan amavasya tatha paurnamas ka sampadan poornima ko hota hai. is yajn mean anekanek krity hote haian jinamean se adhikaansh ka varnan manav shrautasootr mean upalabdh hota hai. isake pramukh krity ye haian:–

vats apakaran, barhi aharan, idhm aharan, pindapitri yajn, vesh evan upavesh–nirman, pavitr nirman, saany doh, vagyaman, pratardoh, vihar sanstaran, patradhan, pranita–pranayan, havinirman, vedi nirman, patnilok sthapan, patni sannahan, ajyadhishrayan, prastar apadan, paridhi sthapan, purodashabhigharan, samidheni anuvachan, aghar, hotrivaran, prayaj, ajyabhag ka yajan, agney purodash hom, aindragnapurodash hom, upaanshuyag, svishtakrith yag, prashitraharan, idakarm, dakshina, anuyaj, sooktavakh, shanyuvakh, vishnukram, paridhi hom, patnisanyaj, samishtayajurhom.

in krityoan mean kisi prakar ki truti hone par prayashchitt ka bhi vidhan hai.

• paanchave adhyay mean agnyadhan ishti ka vishad vivechan hai. satyashadh shrautasootr ke anusar rathakar bhi agnyadhan kar sakata hai par manav shrautasootr mean aisa ullekh nahian hai. manav shrautasootr ke anusar agnyadhan ke pramukh krity ye hai:–

vrat grahan, arani–aharan evan yajaman dvara unaka grahan, agnisthal nirdharan, sanbhar nivapan, agni–manthan, garhapaty adhan, akshinagni adhan, ahavaniyagni adhan, sabhy evan avasathy agniyoan ka adhan, brahmaudan, adhidevan, agni upasthan, dakshina, arambhaniyeshti tatha jay hom adi.

• praksom ke chhathe adhyay mean agnihotr, agrayan tatha punaradhan ishtiyoan ka varnan milata hai. manav shrautasootr ke anusar prat: evan saanyakalin agnihotr ka uddeshy pratidin kramash: ratri evan din mean kie ge papoan se mukt hona hai. vibhinn kamanaoan mean bhinn–bhinn padarthoan ki ahuti ka vidhan hai. nity agnihotr mean ajyahutiyaan hi vihit haian, kyoanki ajyahutiyaan yajn ki aankhean haian. agrayan ishti navin annoan ke prayog ke poorv ki jati hai. basant mean yav tatha sharadh mean chaval se agrayaneshti ki jati hai. agrayan mean anekanek anushthanoan ka vidhan hai. agnyadhan ke pashchath ishtaphal ki prapti n hone par athava kisi prakar ka vighn p d jane par punaradhan ka niyam hai. punaradhan ki paddhati agnyadhan ki hi bhaanti hai. isi bhag ke satavean adhyay mean chaturmasy ishti ka niroopan hai. chaturmasy ishti manp char parv hote haian:–

1. vaishvadev,
2. varun praghas,
3. sakamedh,
4. shunasiriy.

kuchh granthoan mean to pratham tin parv ka hi vidhan hai. in charoan parvoan ki paanch samany haviyaan haian. isake sath hi pratyek parv ki kuchh vishisht haviyaan bhi haian. chaturmasy ka sampadan ek din mean bhi sanbhav hai tatha paanch din mean bhi. yah aishtik, pashuk tatha saumik tin prakar ka hota hai.

• praksom ke aantim adhyay mean pashuyag ki prakriti niroodh pashubandh ka niroopan hai. isaka sampadan do din mean hota hai par ek din mean bhi sanbhav hai. is yag mean char pramukh rritvijoan ke atirikt pratiprasthata tatha maitravarun namak do aur rritvikh hote haian jo kramash: hota hai tatha adhvaryu ki sahayata karate haian.

doosara bhag

manav shrautasootr ke doosare bhag mean kul paanch adhyay haian. in paanchoan adhyayoan mean somayag ki prakriti agnishtom ka varnan kiya gaya hai.

tisara bhag

tisare bhag mean ek hi adhyay hai jisamean ishti, som tatha pashuyagoan se sambandhit prayashchittoan ka varnan hai.

chautha bhag

chauthe bhag mean bhi ek hi adhyay hai tatha isamean pravargy yag ka vistrit varnan kiya gaya hai. pravargy yag ke sampadan se yajaman navin jivan prapt karata hai. pravargy mean prayukt dharm ko soory se samikrit kiya gaya hai tatha use yash ka sir kaha gaya hai. garm doodh ko divy jivan evan prakash ka pratik mana gaya hai. manav shrautasootr ke anusar pratham jyotishtom tatha ukthy ke samay praja evan pashukami ko pravargy yag nahian karana chahie.

paanchava bhag

paanchave bhag mean do adhyay haian, ise ishti tatha pashuyag ka parishesh mana ja sakata hai, kyoanki is prakaran mean us prasang mean chhooti huee batoan ka varnan hai. isi prakaran mean vibhinn kamanaoan ki poorti ke uddeshy se ki jane vali anek kameshtiyoan ka niroopan hai. unamean ayushkameshti, svasti kameshti, purodha kameshti, putr kameshti, shreshthatv kameshti, vrishti kameshti, pashu kameshti, dhan kameshti, brahmavarchas kameshti taka praja kameshti pubhriti pramukh haian.

chhatha bhag

chhatha bhag do adhyayoan mean vibhakt hai jisamean agnichayan namak jatil somayag ka vishad niroopan hai. agnichayan ka arth hai– eeantoan ke dvara uttaravedi par prastaroan ki sanrachana karana. vastut: yah agni ka sanskar hai aur somayag ka aang hai. isamean anek krityoan ka anushthan avashyak hai, yatha– ukha sanbharan, paanshuk ishti, dikshaniyeshti, garhapaty chayan, nairhrrit chayan, mahavedi nirman, loshth chayan, pratham chiti, dvitiy chiti, tritiy chiti, chaturth chiti, antim chiti, punashchiti, mahavrat, agniprokshan, shatarudriy hom, agnisinchan, vikarshan, agnisadan, samidhadhan, dvadash tatha saptakapalak purodashayag, vasudhara, rashtrabhrit hom, dhishny nipavan, anvaroh ahuti adi.

satavaan bhag

satavaan bhag bhi do adhyayoan mean vibhakt hai. pratham adhyay mean svarajy–prapti ki kamana se kie jane vale vajapey yag ka varnan hai. manav ke anusar svarajyakami brahman v kshatriy ko sharad rritu mean isaka anushthan karana chahie. vajapey yajn mean satrah diksha divas aur tin upasadh divas hote haian. doosare adhyay mean ubhayatmak–satratmak tatha ahinatmak dvadashah tatha gavamayan yag niroopit haian.

athavaan bhag

athavean bhag ki sanjna anugrahik hai. ise ishti, pashu tatha som ka parishesh kaha ja sakata hai. isamean kuchh aise bhi vishayoan ka ullekh hai jinhean pratyaksh roop se shraut yag se sambaddh nahian kiya ja sakata.

navaan bhag

navaan tatha paanchava avantar bhagoan mean vibhakt hai jisamean pratham mean rajasooy, doosare mean ashvamedh, tisare mean ekah, chauthe mean ahin aur paanchavean mean satr yagoan ka niroopan hai. rajasooy ek jatil yajn hai jisamean bahut si ishtiyaan prithak–prithakh sampadit ki jati haian. yah dirghavadhi tak chalata hai. manav shrautasootr ke anusar rajyakami raja ko rajasooy yajn karana chahie.

dasavaan bhag

manav shrautasootr ke dasavean bhag mean shulb sootroan ka ullekh hai jisamean vividh shraut yagoan mean prayukt hone vali vedi–nirman prakriya savistar niroopit hai. havi, pashu evan som– in tinoan yajnoan mean prithak–prithakh vediyoan ka prayog kiya jata hai. agnihotr, darshapaurnamas adi ishtiyoan ki vedi ka svaroop saral hai. chaturmasy ke varunapraghas parv mean ishtiyoan ki vedi ke sath hi ek atirikt vedi ki avashyakata hoti hai jise uttaravedi kahate haian. svatantr pashuyag ki vedi ishtiyoan se jatil hai. agnishtom adi somayagoan ki vedi jatilatar hoti hai. isake atirikt ek aur vedi hoti hai jisaka akar pakshiyoan ke sadrish hota hai tatha rachana jatilatam hoti hai.

adhar

is shrautasootr ka adhar mukhy roop se maitrayani sanhita hai. adhikaansh yajnoan mean prayukt sanketatmak mantroan ka grahan matrayani sanhita se hi kiya gaya hai. parantu donoan ke sambandhoan par sookshm drishti–nikshep karane se yah tathy prakat hota hai ki is shrautasootrakar ne adharabhoot maitrayani sanhita ka aksharash: anukaran nahian kiya hai. manav shrautasootr ke bahut se sootr ukt sanhita mean nahian milate, kyoanki donoan ke uddeshy, kshetr tatha shaili mean maulik aantar hai. manav shrautasootr mean sarvamedh ka varnan milata hai lekin krishnayajurvedi sanhitaoan mean isaka niroopan nahian kiya gaya hai. manav shrautasootr mean isaka vainan shatapath brahman ke adhar par kiya gaya hai. kahian–kahian manav shrautasootr mean shuklayajurved sanhita ke mantroan ka bhi viniyog milata hai. isi prakar kahian–kahian kathak shakha ke mantroan ka viniyog bhi upalabdh hota hai. kuchh ekah, ahin tatha sattr yagoan ka adhar taittiriy sanhita, tanday tatha shadviansh brahman bhi haian. at: manav shrautasootr in granthoan ka rrini mana ja sakata hai.

shaili

sabhi yajnoan ke varnan mean sampadan–kal, havirdravy tatha kamana adi ka nirdesh hai. vibhinn varnoan ke lie bhinn–bhinn rrituoan tatha bhinn–bhinn havirdravyoan ka ullekh hai. is shrautasootr mean kahian–kahian lambe lambe vakyoan ka prayog bhi drishtigat hota hai. yadyapi yah shrautasootr prachinatam shrautasootroan ke madhy pariganit hai, phir bhi isaki shaili mean sootratmakata, sankshiptata tatha spashtata ka kahian bhi abhav nahian hai. shaili adyant rochak tatha pravahapoorn hai. bhasha saral tatha pranjal hai. vishay–pratipadan ka dhang saral hai. vaky chhote–chhote haian parantu unamean goodh abhipray nihit hai. pray: pratyek adhyay ka arambh navin dhang se kiya gaya hai. pratyek yajn ke pratham sootr mean yajn ke prayojan, sampadan–kal, adhikari, kamana adi ka nirdesh kiya hai, jisamean pratham sootr ke padhate hi poore adhyay ko padhane ki jijnasa hoti hai. yathasthan paribhashik shabdoan tatha patroan ke svaroop ka bhi ullekh kiya gaya hai. poore dasavean bhag mean vedi–rachana ka varnan is shrautasootr ki maulik visheshata hai. granth ki shaili adi se aant tak ek–jaisi hai. jahaan kahian bhi lambe vakyoan ka prayog hai, vahaan brahman granthoan ka spasht prabhav parilakshit hota hai.

nishkarsh

sankshep mean kaha ja sakata hai ki is shrautasootr ka shraut sahity mean vishisht sthan hai. sootrakar ko shrautayagiy paramparaoan ki poorn janakari thi. yah shrautasootr samajik evan saanskritik drishti se bhi atyant mahattvapoorn hai. uttaravaidik kalin sabhyata, sanskriti evan samaj ko janane ke lie is shrautasootr ka parishilan ati avashyak hai. maitrayani shakha ki yajnik parampara ko surakshit aur akshunn banae rakhane ka shrey keval manav shrautasootr ko hi prapt hai. yadyapi shrautasootrakar ne yagoan ke niroopan mean maitrayani sanhita ko mukhy roop se adhar banaya hai, tatha prachinoan ke prati gauravabuddhi rakhate hue maitrayani sanhita mean aprapt sarvamedh, ekah, ahinadi yagoan ka niroopan karane ke lie maitrayani shakhetar shakha ki sanhitaoan aur brahman granthoan ka ashray bhi liya hai.

vyakhyaean evan sanskaran

manav shrautasootr ke praksom bhag par kumaril bhatt ki tika ka sanpadan goldastakar ne kiya hai, jo landan se 1861 mean chhapi hai. hastalekh roop mean balkrishnakrit 'manav sootravritti' bhi upalabdh hai. 1–5 bhagoan mean phredarik knayer (F. Knauer¬) ke dvara sampadit tatha 1900–1903 ke madhy saiant pitarsabarg se yah shrautasootr prakashit hai. shashth path ka sanpadan geldar ne 1919 mean kiya tha. geldar (V. M. Van Gelder) ne hi 1961 mean sampoorn granth ko dilli se sanpadit kar prakashit karaya hai. 1985 mean isi ka punarmudran hua. chian. g. kashikar ne bhi manav shrautasootr ke sampadan mean mahattvapoorn yogadan diya hai.

sanbandhit lekh

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shrutiyaan

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