जॉन गिलक्राइस्ट
hindi bhasha aur farasi lipi ka ghalamel phort viliyam k aaulej (1800-54) ki den thi. phort viliyam k aaulej ke hindustani vibhag ke sarvapratham adhyaksh j aaun gilakraist the. unake anusar hindustani ki tin shailiyaan thian—
- darabari ya farasi shaili
- hindustani shaili
- hindavi shaili.
gilakraist farasi shaili ko durooh tatha hindavi shaili ko ganvaroo manate the. isalie unhoanne hindustani shaili ko prathamikata di. unhoanne hindustani ke jis roop ko badhava diya, usaka mooladhar to hindi hi tha, kintu usamean arabi–farasi shabdoan ki bahulata thi aur vah farasi lipi mean likhi jati thi. gilakraist ne hindustani ke nam par asal mean urdoo ka hi prachar kiya.
- parichay
gilakraist ka janm san 1759 mean edinabara mean hua tha. chikitsiy shiksha prapt kar ve aprail 1783 ko eest iandiya kanpani mean ek chikitsak ke roop mean kalakatta ae jahaan 21 aktoobar san 1794 ko sarjan ka pad diya gaya.
yahaan unhoanne hindustani ke adhyayan ke lie vishesh prayatn kiya aur e dikshanari aauf iangalish end hindustani, do bhag (1787-1790) e gramar aauf hindustani laianvej (1793), di oriyantal ligvistik (1798) ki rachana ki. phot viliyam kalej mean (1800) adhyaksh niyukt hue jisake bad anek pathy pustakoan ka sampadan kiya, jaise- d eantijargonist (d oriyantal ligvistik ka sankshipt sanskaran (1800), d streanjars. eest iandiya kampani gaid too d hindustani (1802) dvitiy sanskaran landan se 1808, tritiy sanskaran (1820), d hindi stori telar (1802), e kalaikshan aauf dayal aaugs iangalish end hindustani (1904) edinabara se dvitiy sanskaran 1820), d hindi m aaurel priseptar (1803), d oriyantal phaibyoolist (1803) adi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
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bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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