संसदीय प्रणाली
sansadiy pranali (aangrezi: Parliamentary System) bharat sarakar ki ek pranali hai. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 74 aur anuchchhed 75 keandr mean sansadiy pranali aur anuchchhed 163 aur 164 rajyoan mean sansadiy pranali ke bare mean hai. sansadiy pranali ke kee gun haian aur rashtrapati pranali ke mukabale kee labh bhi. sarakar ki lokataantrik pranali ko karyapalika aur vidhayika ke bich ke rishtoan ke adhar par sansadiy aur rashtrapati pranali mean baanta ja sakata hai. sansadiy pranali mean karyakari vidhayika ke hisse hote haian jo kanoon ko lagoo karane aur use banane mean sakrie bhoomika nibhate haian.
vibhajan
sarakar ki lokataantrik pranali ko karyapalika aur vidhayika ke bich ke rishtoan ke adhar par sansadiy aur rashtrapati pranali mean baanta ja sakata hai. sansadiy pranali mean karyakari vidhayika ke hisse hote haian jo kanoon ko lagoo karane aur use banane mean sakrie bhoomika nibhate haian. sansadiy pranali mean, rajy ka pramukh ek samrat ya rashtrapati/adhyaksh ho sakata hai, lekin ye donoan hi pad niyamanusar/aupacharik haian. sarakar ka pramukh jise amataur par pradhanamantri kaha jata hai, vahi vastavik pramukh hota hai. isalie, sabhi vastavik karyakarini shaktiyaan pradhanamantri ke pas hoti haian. mantrimandal mean karyakarini shaktiyaan hone ki vajah se sansadiy sarakar ko kaibinet sarakar bhi kahate haian. anuchchhed 74 aur 75 keandr mean sansadiy pranali aur anuchchhed 163 aur 164 rajy mean sansadiy pranali ke bare mean hai.[1]
tatv aur visheshataean
sansadiy pranali ke tatv aur visheshataean nimn prakar haian-
- namamatr ka aur vastavik pramukh - rajy ka pramukh aupacharik pad par hota hai aur vah namamatr ka karyakari hota hai. udaharan ke lie, rashtrapati.
bharat mean, sarakar ka pramukh pradhanamantri hota hai jo vastavik karyakari hai. bharatiy sanvidhan ka anuchchhed 75 rashtrapati dvara pradhanamantri ko niyukt kie jane ki bat kahata hai. anuchchhed 74 ke anusar mantriparishad ki adhyakshata karane vale pradhanamantri rashtrapati ko unake karyoan ko karane mean sahayata aur paramarsh deange.
- karyakarini vidhayika ka ek hissa hai - karyakarini vidhayika ka hissa hai. bharat mean, kisi vyakti ko karyakarini ka sadasy banane ke lie use sansad ka sadasy hona chahie. halaanki, sanvidhan yah suvidha pradan karata hai ki agar koee vyakti sansad sadasy nahian hai to use adhikatam lagatar chhah mah ki avadhi tak mantri niyukt kiya ja sakata hai, usake bad vah vyakti mantri pad par nahian rah sakata.[2]
- bahumat dal niyam - lokasabha chunavoan mean adhik sitoan par jit darj karane vala dal sarakar banata hai. bharat mean rashtrapati, lokasabha mean bahumat dal ke neta ko sarakar banane ke lie amantrit karate haian. rashtrapati is neta ko pradhanamantri ke roop mean niyukt karate haian aur baki ke mantriyoan ki niyukti rashtrapati pradhanamantri ki salah par karate haian. agar kisi bhi dal ko bahumat prapt nahian hota, to aisi sthiti mean, rashtrapati daloan ke gathabandhan ko sarakar banane ke lie amantrit kar sakate haian.
- samoohik jimmedari - mantri parishad sansad ke lie samoohik roop se jimmedar hota hai. sansad ka nichala sadan avishvas prastav parit kar sarakar ko barkhast kar sakata hai. bharat mean, jab tak lokasabha mean bahumat rahata hai tabhi tak sarakar rahati hai. isalie, lokasabha ke pas sarakar ke khilaph avishvas prastav lane ka adhikar hota hai.[1]
- satta ke keandr mean pradhanamantri - bharat mean pradhanamantri vastavik karyakari hote haian. ve sarakar, mantriparishad aur sattaroodh sarakar ke pramukh hote haian. isalie, sarakar ke kamakaj mean unhean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhani hoti hai.
- sansadiy vipaksh - sansad mean koee bhi sarakar shat-pratishat bahumat prapt nahian kar sakati. vipaksh rajanitik karyakari dvara adhikar ke manamane dhang se upayog ki jaanch mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhata hai.
- svatantr lok seva - lok sevak sarakar ko paramarsh dete haian auऱ unake phaisaloan ko lagoo karate haian. medha-adharit chayan prakriya ke adhar par lok sevakoan ki sthayi niyukti ki jati hai. sarakar badalane ke bad bhi unaki naukari ki nirantarata bani rahati hai. lok seva kartavyoan aur jimmedariyoan ke nishpadan mean dakshata sunishchit karata hai.
- do sadanoan vali vidhayika - bharat samet, adhikaansh desh sansadiy pranali apanate haian aur vahaan do sadanoan vali vidhayika hai. in sabhi deshoan ke nichale sadan ke sadasyoan ka chunav janata karati hai. nichala sadan sarakar ke karyakal poora hone ya bahumat ki kami ki vajah se sarakar n bana pane ki vajah se bhang kiya ja sakata hai. bharat mean rashtrapati pradhanamantri ki anushansa par lokasabha bhang kar sakate haian.
- gopaniyata - is pranali mean karyakarini ke sadasyoan ko karyavahiyoan, karyakari baithakoan, nitinirman adi jaise mamaloan mean gopaniyata ke siddhaant ka palan karana hoga. bharat mean, apane karyalay mean pravesh se pahale mantri gopaniyata ki shapath lete haian.
labh
rashtrapati pranali ki tulana mean sansadiy pranali ke nimnalikhit labh haian[1]-
vibhinn prakar ke samoohoan ka pratinidhitv
sarakar ka sansadiy svaroop kanoon aur niti nirman mean vibhinn jatiy, nasli, bhashaee aur vaicharik samoohoan ko apane vichar sajha karane ka avasar muhaiya karata hai. bharat jaise desh mean jahaan vividhata ka star bahut adhik hai, vahaan, samaj ke vibhinn vargoan ke lie rajanitik sthan upalabdh kara kar logoan ka jivan saral banata hai.
vidhayika aur karyapalika ke bich behatar samanvay
karyakarini, vidhayika ka hissa hai. chooanki sarakar ko nichale sadan mean sadasyoan ka bahumat prapt hota hai, vividoan aur jhag doan ki pravritti kam ho jati hai. yah sarakar ke lie sansad mean kanoon parit karana aur use lagoo karana asan banata hai.
adhinayakavad ko rokata hai
sansadiy pranali mean, ek hi vyakti ke pas sabhi shaktiyoan ke bajae shakti mantri parishad ke pas hoti hai jisase adhinayakavad ki pravritti kam ho jati hai. sansad avishvas prastav ke madhyam se sarakar ko hata sakati hai.
jimmedar sarakar
sansad karyakarini ki gatividhi ki jaanch kar sakati hai, kyoanki karyakarini sansad ke lie jimmedar hoti hai. rashtrapati pranali mean, rashtrapati vidhayika ke lie jimmedar nahian hota. sansad ke sadasy sarakar par dabav banane ke lie prashn poochh sakate haian, prastav la sakate haian aur janata ke mahatv ke mamaloan par charcha kar sakate haian. aise pravadhan rashtrapati pranali mean nahian haian.
vaikalpik sarakar ki upalabdhata
sansad ka nichala sadan (lokasabha) avishvas prastav la sakata hai aur use parit kar sakata hai. aisi sthiti mean rashtrapati, desh ki pramukh vipakshi parti ke neta ko sarakar banane ke lie amantrit karata hai. yoonaited kiangdam mean, vipaksh sarakar ke mantrimandal ke lie chhaya mantrimandal (shaido kaibinet) banata hai taki ve is prakar ki bhoomika nibhane ke lie taiyar rahean.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 bharat mean sansadiy pranali (hiandi) jagranjosh.com. abhigaman tithi: 04 aprॅl, 2020.
- ↑ yadi vah chhah mah ke andar sansad ka sadasy nahian banata hai to.
