राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल
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pratiksha|left is panne par sampadan ka kary chal raha hai. kripaya pratiksha karean yadi 10 din ho chuke hoan to yah 'soochana saancha' hata dean ya dobara lagaean. |
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thumb|ram prasad bismil ram prasad 'bismil' (janm- 11 joon, 1897 shahajahaanpur - mrityu- 19 disanbar, 1927 gorakhapur) bharat ke mahan svatantrata senani hi nahian, balki uchch koti ke kavi, shayar, anuvadak, bahubhashavidh v sahityakar bhi the jinhoanne bharat ki azadi ke liye apane pranoan ki ahuti de di.
jivan parichay
pandit ramaprasad ‘bismil’ kisi parichay ke mohataj nahian. unake likhe ‘sarafaroshi ki tamanna’ jaise amar git ne har bharatiy ke dil mean jagah banaee aur aangrezoan se bharat ki azadi ke lie vo chiangari chhe di jisane jvala ka roop lekar british shasan ke bhavan ko lakshagrih mean parivartit kar diya. british samrajy ko dahala dene vale kakori kand ko ramaprasad bismil ne hi aanjam diya tha.
janm
jyeshth shukl 11 sanvath 1954 san 1897 mean pandit muralidhar ki dharmapatni ne dvitiy putr ko janm diya. is putr ka janm mainapuri mean hua tha. sambhavat: vahaan balak ka nanihal raha ho. is vishay mean shri vyathit hriday ne likha hai- 'yahaan yah bat b de ashchary ki maloom hoti hai ki bismil ke dada aur pita gvaliyar ke nivasi the. phir bhi unaka janm mainapuri mean kyoan hua? ho sakata hai ki mainapuri mean bismil ji ka nanihal raha ho.' is putr se poorv ek putr ki mrityu ho jane se mata-pita ka isake prati chintit rahana svabhavik tha. at: balak ke jivan ki raksha ke lie jisane jo upay bataya, vahi kiya gaya. balak ko anek prakar ke gande tabij adi bhi lagaye ge. balak janm se hi durbal tha. janm ke ek-do mah bad itana durbal ho gaya ki usake bachane ki asha hi bahut kam rah gee thi. mata-pita isase atyant chintit hue. unhean laga ki kahian yah bachcha bhi pahale bachche ki tarah hi chal n base. is par logoan ne kaha ki sambhavat: ghar mean hi koee bachchoan ka rog pravesh kar gaya hai. isake lie unhoanne upay sujhaya. bataya gaya ki ek bilkul safed kharagosh balak ke charoan or ghumakar chho d diya jae. yadi balak ko koee rog hoga to kharagosh turant mar jayega. mata-pita balak ki raksha ke lie kuchh bhi karane ko taiyar the, at: aisa hi kiya gaya. ashchary ki bat ki kharagosh turant mar gaya. isake bad bachche ka svasthy din par din sudharane laga. yahi balak age chalakar prasiddh krantikari amar shahid ramaprasad bismil ke nam se prasiddh hua. [[chitr:Bismil-Ashfaqua-stamp.jpg|thumb|bismil aur ashafaqullah khan ke samman mean jari dak tikat]]
shiksha
sat varsh ki avastha ho jane par balak ramaprasad ko pita pandit muralidhar ghar par hi hindi aksharoan ka jnan karane lage. us samay urdoo ka bolabala tha. at: ghar mean hindi shiksha ke sath hi balak ko urdoo padhane ke lie ek maulavi sahab ke pas makatab mean bheja jata tha. pandit muralidhar putr ki shiksha par vishesh dhyan dete the. padhaee ke mamale mean jara bhi laparavahi karane par balak ramaprasad ko pita ki mar bhi p dati rahati thi. hindi aksharoan ka jnan karate samay ek bar unhean bandook ke lohe ke gaj se itani mar p di thi ki gaj tedha ho gaya tha. apani is mar ka varnan karate hue unhoanne likha hai-
'balyakal se pitaji meri shiksha ka adhik dhyan rakhate the aur jara si bhool karane par bahut pitate the. mujhe ab bhi bhali-bhaanti smaran hai ki jab maian nagari ke akshar likhana sikh raha tha to mujhe 'u' likhana n aya. maianne bahut prayatn kiya. par jab pitaji kachahari chale gaye to maian bhi khelane chala gaya. pitaji ne kachahari se akar mujhase 'u' likhavaya, maian n likh saka. unhean maloom ho gaya ki maian khelane chala gaya tha. is par unhoanne mujhe bandook ke lohe ke gaj se itana pita ki gaj tedha p d gaya. maian bhagakar dadaji ke pas chala gaya, tab bacha.'
isake bad balak ramaprasad ne padhaee mean kabhi asavadhani nahian ki. vah parishram se padhane lage. vah athavian kaksha tak sada apani kaksha mean pratham ate the, kintu kusangati mean p d jane ke karan urdoo midil pariksha mean vah lagatar do varsh anuttirn ho ge. balak ki is avanati se ghar mean sabhi ko bahat du:kh hua. do bar ek hi pariksha mean anuttirn hone par balak ramaprasad ka man urdoo ki padhaee se uth gaya. unhoanne aangrezi padhane ki ichchha vyakt ki, kintu pita pandit muralidhar aangrezi padhane ke paksh mean nahian the. vah ramaprasad ko kisi vyavasay mean lagana chahate the. antat: maan ke kahane par unhean aangrezi padhane bheja gaya. aangrezi mean athavian pas karane ke bad navian mean hi vah ary samaj ke sampark mean aye, jisase unake jivan ki dasha hi badal gee.
dada-dadi ki chhatrachhaya
bachchoan ko ghar mean apane mata-pita se bhi adhik sneh apane dada-dadi se hota hai. balak ramaprasad bhi isake apavad nahian the. pitaji atyant sakht anushasan vale vyakti the. at: pitaji ke gusse se bachane ka upay ramaprasad ke lie apane dada shri narayan lal hi the. dadaji sidhe-sadhe, saral svabhav ke prani the. mukhy roop se sikke bechana hi unaka vyavasay tha. unhean achchhi nasl ki dudharoo gayean palane ka b da shauk tha. door-door se dudharoo gayean kharidakar late the aur pote ko khoob doodh pilate the. gayean itani sidhi thian ki balak ramaprasad jab-tab unaka than muanh mean lekar doodh piya karate the. dadaji ramaprasad ke svasthy par sada dhyan dete the. isake sath hi dadaji dharmik svabhav ke purush the. ve sada saanyakal shiv mandir mean jakar lagabhag do ghante tak pooja-bhajan ityadi karate the, jisaka balak ramaprasad par gahara prabhav p da. dadaji ka dehavasan lagabhag pachapan varsh ki ayu mean hua.
mamatamayi maan
pandit ramaprasad bismil ki maan poornataya ek ashikshit gramin mahila thian. vivah ke samay unaki avastha keval gyarah varsh ki thi. gyarah varsh ki navavadhoo ko ghareloo kamoan ki shiksha dene ke lie dadiji ne apani chhoti bahin ko bula liya tha. sambhavat: dadiji abhi tak kutaee-pisaee ka kam karati rahati thian, jisase bahoo ko kam sikhane ka samay nahian mil pata tha. kuchh hi dinoan mean unhoanne ghar ka sara kam bhojan banana adi achchhi tarah se sikh liya tha. ramaprasad jab 6 - 7 varsh ke ho gaye to mataji ne bhi hindi sikhana shuroo kiya. unake man mean padhane ki tivr ichchha thi. ghar ke kamoan ko nibatane ke bad vah apani kisi shikshit p dosin se likhana-padhana sikhane lagian. apani tivr lagan se vah kuchh hi samay mean hindi ki pustakean padhana sikh gayian. apani sabhi putriyoan ko bhi svayan unhoanne hi hindi aksharoan ka jnan karaya tha.
deshapremi mahila
balak ramaprasad ki dharm mean bhi ruchi thi, jisamean unhean apani mataji ka poora sahayog milata tha. vah putr ko isake lie nity prat: char baje utha deti thian. isake sath hi jab ramaprasad ki abhiruchi deshaprem ki or huee to maan unhean hathiyar kharidane ke lie yada-kada paise bhi deti rahati thian. vah sachche arthoan mean ek deshapremi mahila thian. bad mean jab ramaprasad ary samaj ke sampark mean aye to unake pitaji ne isaka bahut adhik virodh kiya, kintu maan ne unaki is bhavana ka samman kiya. ary samaj ke siddhaantoan ka un par paryapt prabhav p da. pahale vah ek paramparik brahman mahila thian, kintu ab unake vicharoan mean kafi udarata a gee thi.
sahasi mahila
pandit ramaprasad ki mataji ek sahasi mahila thian. mahanatam vipatti mean bhi dhairy n khona unake charitr ka ek sabase b da gun tha. vah kisi bhi vipatti mean sada apane putr ka utsah badhati rahati thian. putr ke du:khi athava adhir hone par vah apani mamatamayi vani se sada unhean saantvana deti thian. ramaprasad ke parivar mean kanyaoan ko janm lete hi mar dene ki ek kroor parampara rahi thi. is parampara ko unaki mataji ne hi to da tha. isake lie unhean apane parivar ke virodh ka bhi samana karana p da tha. dada aur dadi donoan kanyaoan ko mar dene ke paksh mean the aur bar-bar apani putravadhoo ko kanyaoan ko mar dene ki prerana dete the, kintu mataji ne isaka datakar virodh kiya aur apani putriyoan ke pranoan ki raksha ki. unhian ke karan is parivar mean pahali bar kanyaoan ka palan-poshan tatha vivah hua tha.
maan ke vyaktitv ka prabhav
apani maan ke vyaktitv ka ramaprasad bismil par gahara prabhav p da. apane jivan ki sabhi saphalataoan ka shrey unhoanne apani maan ko hi diya hai. maan ke prati apani shraddha vyakt karate hue unhoanne likha hai- "yadi mujhe aisi mata n milati to maian bhi atisadharan manushyoan ki bhaanti sansar chakr mean phansakar jivan nirvah karata. shikshadi ke atirikt kraantikari jivan mean bhi unhoanne meri vaisi hi sahayata ki, jaisi mejini ki unaki mata ne ki thi. mataji ka mere lie sabase b da upadesh yahi tha ki kisi ki pran n lo. unaka kahana tha ki apane shatru ko bhi kabhi pran dand n dena. unake is adesh ki poorti karane ke lie mujhe majabooran ek-do bar apani pratijna bhang karani p di."
janm datri janani! is jivan mean to tumhara rrin parishodh karane ka prayatn karane ka bhi avasar n mila. is janm mean to kya yadi anek janmoan mean bhi sare jivan prayatn karooan to bhi tumase urrin nahian ho sakata. jis prem tatha dridhata ke sath tumane is tuchchh jivan ka sudhar kiya hai, vah avarnaniy hai. mujhe jivan ki pratyek ghatana ka smaran hai ki tumane kis prakar apani devavani ka upadesh karake mera sudhar kiya hai. tumhari daya se hi maian desh seva mean sanlagn ho saka. dharmik jivan mean bhi tumhare hi protsahan ne sahayata di. jo kuchh shiksha maianne grahan ki usaka bhi shrey tumhian ko hai. jis manohar roop se tum mujhe upadesh karati thian, usaka smaran kar tumhari mangalamayi moorti ka dhyan a jata hai aur mastak nat ho jata hai. tumhean yadi mujhe prata dana bhi deni huee, to b de sneh se har bat ko samajha diya. yadi maianne dhrishtatapoorvak uttar diya, tab tumane prem bhare shabdoan mean yahi kaha ki tumhean jo achchha lage, vah karo, kintu aisa karana thik nahian, isaka parinam achchha n hoga. jivanadatri! tumane is sharir ko janm dekar palan-poshan hi nahian kiya, kintu atmik, dharmik tatha samajik unnati mean tumhian meri sadaiv sahayak rahian. janm-janmaantar paramatma aisi hi mata de.
mrityu
19 disambar, 1927 ko apako deshabhakti ke aparadh mean phaansi di gee.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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